Background
: The purpose of this study was to identify health practices that would be helpful in order to reduce the prevalence of correctable cardiovascular risk factors (CVR), i.e. hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia in male workers by examining the association between health practices and the prevalence of the three risk factors.

Methods : For 1,815 male workers at a car manufacturer who participated in the basic health examination, survey on socioeconomic status and seven healthy practices such as not currenly smoking, moderate alcohol drinking, proper weight control, regular exercise, 7-8 hour sleep, eating breakfast regularly, and not eating between meals was done and the prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia as obtained. χ²test, Fisher's exact test, and multiple logistic regression analyses were done for workers under 40 years old and workers 40 and over in two, separate groups by adjusting socioeconomic variables.

Results : The prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia was 1.84 times and 5.22 times, respectively, showing, higher in overweight younger workers than in those of normal weight. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 2.02 times higher in younger smoking than in younger non-smokers. In contrast, the prevalence of hyperglycemia was 4.99 times higher in older smokers than in older non-smokers. The prevalence of hyperglycemia was 16.5 times higher in older workers with regular snacking habit than in those without such a habit. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 7.47 times higher only in younger workers practicing healthy behaviors below 3 than in those practicing at least 6 healthy behaviors.

Conclusion : Our study suggests that overweight and smoking habit among younger workers, and smoking habit among older workers sould be controlled in order to decrease the prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia.

Background
: Smoking is a high risk factor for various chronic diseases. Therefore, physicians are expected to play a critical role in patients' smoking cessation. There have been a number of studies which show that cessation recommendation by physicians is effective for patients to stop smoking. The purpose of this study is to assess physician's smoking status and its effect on physician's attitude for their advice to patients to quit smoking.

Methods : During August and September in 1995, self-report questionnaire was distributed to doctors in Jin-Gu, Pusan. It consisted of inquiries on their demographic features, their smoking status, whether physicians ask patients their smoking status or not, whether physicians advise patients to quit smoking or not, and whether physicians confirm patients' smoking cessation. Among 203 responses returned, 193 cases was analyzed.

Results : Among the total 193 persons, 60 persons are smoking now(31.4%, Men 34.5%, women 0%), and 88 persons(67.2%) are ex-smoker. 84.1% of smokers have tried to quit smoking, and stress was the most common reason for failure. Smoking rate and experience rate were higher in men than in women(P<0.001), but there were no significant differences in smoking rate and experience rate according to ages, religions, specialties, hospital types, and positions. Among responders 144 cases(75.0%) asked smoking status of patients. 21.4% of them asked smoking status of all patients who may smoke, and 25.0% of them hardly ask smoking status of patients. For question about patients' smoking status, the younger physicians were more active in asking smoking status of patients(p=0.038), and the physicians in hospital did much more than physicians in university hospital and private clinics(p=0.015). Among responders, 161 persons(84.7%) advised patients to quit smoking, and 19.5% of them advised to quit smoking for all patients who smoked. However, 15.3% of them hardly gave patients such suggestion. It was found that there was no significant relationship between physicians' smoking status and attitudes toward giving patients suggestion to quit smoking.

Conclusion : This study revealed that there was no significant relationship between physician's smoking status and their attitudes toward giving patients suggestion to quit smoking, and physician's smoking status did not have any effect on smoking cessation advice. However, this study does not exclude the possibility that the results might be reversed, if the census would be extended to broader area. Physicians should take an active role against smoking.

Background
: The residency is chronic stressful condition. This study was attempted to know related factors to stress and coping responess of residency.

Methods : We selected 526 subjects who were under residency in university hospital in Pusan. We sent stress-related guestionaires by the mail. Among 161 responses, we excluded 4 responses which were inadequate report. The stress was measured by Lee's scale and Brief Encounter Psychoso-cial Instrum, ent(BEPSI). The coping rresponse was examined by 19 ciping options for stressful experie-nce by billings and Moos. Also we examined freguency of stress-related symptoms.

Results : The esx distribution was 123(79%) in male, 33(21%) in female. Lee's scale and BEPSI were not related siggnificantly with age. sex, marital status and resident grade. The feguency of stress-reated symptoms was 5.9(P=0.14) in female, in contrast to 4.1 in male, But other factors were not related with frequency of stress-related svmptoms. Among coping responses, number of avoidance-coping in male was 2.7, and it was signficantly highter than 2.0 in female. Among in male, the number of avoidance-coping was ssignificantly increased (P=0.005). and the numbers of avoidance-coping responses of drinking group and smoking group were significantly higher than those of non-drinking group and non-smoking group (P<0.001, P=0.001, respectively). In variables associated stress and coping response, age shown significant positive correlation with avoidance-coping and emotion-focused coping. BEPSI and Lee's scale were shown significant positive correlation with frequency of stress-related wymptons was correlated with avoida-nce-coping and emotion-focused coping.

Conclusion : Positive correlation was present bwtween stress and aboidance-coping in residency. So, we need social support and change in education program of residency for active copin.

Results : Patients studied were 90 male and 47 female and ages ranged from 17 years to 83 years with a mean of 48.7±16.1 years. The mean of the APGAR scores was 6.75±2.58 with 91 families with scores 7 points or over, 28 families between points 4 and 6, and 18 families with 3 points or less. The coping scores mean was 10.37±2.87 with 74 families with scoress 11 points or over, 55 families between points 5 and 10, and 8 families with 4 points or less.