Background
: Nowadays more women have jobs and the number of female physicians is increasing. Many studies have shown that sexual discrimination is present. In order to predict medical manpower of women in the future, we studied the status of female physicians and attitudes of physicians about sexual discrimination.

Methods : We sent 1,000 questionnaires to male and female physicians from May 1st to June 15th, 1992. The questionnaire was composed of questions about attitudes toward sexual discrimination. Two hundred and eighty four physicians responded.

Results : The number of female physicians is increasing.(15% of all physicians, 1991) Female physicians are younger than male physicians and reside more in urban areas. The proportion of specialties of female physicians is less than that of male ones ; Female physicians tend to be employees rather than practice privately. They are employed more in the clinics of other private practitioners than hospitals, They specialize more in finite areas such as Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Family medicine, Anethesiology, Radiology and Opthalmology but less in sugeries.
Most male and female physicians think that there was sexual discrimination in medical fields especially in entering residency programs. They felt it is also present in employments and promotions. They said that the reasons for sexual discrimination were mainly the sexual prejudice of society(43.7%), pregnancy and childcare(33.8%). Male respondents added incapacity of female physicians(21.1%) and lack of professionalism(10.2%). Most male(58%) and female(73%) physicians oppose to sexual discrimination induced by pregnancy related problems.

Conclusion : Female physicians are increasing and their manpower will be more important than ever. They choose specialties of narrow range and are employed rather than practice themselves. Male and female respondents agree that there is sexual discrimination but don't agree about the reasons and propriety of it.

Background
: It has been estimated that up to 80% of all illnesses seen in a physician's office is due to psychosocial stress. But, previous instruments of stress measurement cannot assess patient stress rapidly in a busy practice. This study was attempted to develop a new instruments to measure the amount of stress in outpatient clinic setting in Korea

Methods : The data were collected from 387 subjects of 20 years of age and older, living in Seoul and Incheon city. The Questionnaire was composed of the Korean-translated BEPSI(Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument), reformed 30-items SRRQ(Social Readjustment Rating Questionnaire), and Lee's 98-items SRRQ.

Results : The reliability of Korean-translated BEPSI is demonstrated(Cronbach's alpha 0.84). The validity is measured through correlation with Lee's 98-items. The correlation coeffciency of translated BEPSI is 0.25 (P<0.01), and of reformed 30-items SRRQ is 0.98(P<0.01).

Conclusion : Korean-translated BEPSI and reformed 30-items SRRQ in Korean are applicable to rapid measurement of stress in outpatient clinic setting.

Background
: Cervix cancer is the most common cancer in women. The incidence and the number of deaths from cervical cancer were reduced by the effective screening test-Pap smear. Therefore we carried out this study to determine the most effective way for increasing the rate of cervical cancer screening.

Methods : We tried four compliance enhancing intervention strategies (group I -reminder postcard/group Ⅱ-reminder phone call/group Ⅲ-postcard and education material/group Ⅳ-postcard and education material and phone) to 224 female patients who visited previously family medical center, and compliance predictors were examined by questionnaires.

Results : Total compliance rate was 35.8% and compliance rates of each group were 32.5%, 34.9%, 31.8%, 44.7%. Difference among the four groups was not statistically significant (X²=1.7087 P=0.6084). The likelihood of obtaining the cervical cancer screening test were linked to the number of Pap smears the previous years, education level, the number of visit to hospital the previous year, family history of cervical cancer(P<0.05).

Conclusion : Postcard reminder is the simple and cost-effective measure. To increase the compliance of cervix cancer screening test, primary care physicians should take more active role in extending cervical screening coverage.