Background
: For cancer patients, pain is the most common symptom and the most important factor that seriously affects their treatment and quality of life. The purpose of the research was to determine the controllable factors for pain management in order to increase patients' satisfaction for pain management.

Method: This study was based on the survey answers and medical records of 464 cancer patients, in 8 hospitals in Korea from March until September 2000.

Results : As shown by Chi-square test, according to the degree of satisfaction for cancer pain management, those patients who were "satisfied" with pain treatment showed better activity rate (P=0.007) than the "unsatisfied" group. Additionally, the frequency of using painkillers according to WHO step-ladder, Pain Management Index (PMI), or patients own knowledge and attitude toward cancer pain control was not found to be relevant to patients satisfaction (P=0.106, P=0.382, P＞0.05). But, in the "satisfaction" group, more patients were informed of the importance of pain management (P=0.004) and reported less pain (P＜0.05). A close relationship between higher satisfaction and lower pain interference rate was discovered, but no correlation was found for activity, mood, or gate. The average of interference rate was lower in the "satisfaction" group (P＜0.05).

Conclusion : For higher satisfaction rate for pain management among cancer patients, high activity rate, patient education of importance of pain management, less severity of pain, and low interference rate in life are found to be the determinants.

Background
: Nowadays there is an upsurge of, social concern on domestic violence. The role of doctors in the prevention and screening of domestic violence is becoming important. Therefore, we selected medical residents to find out about the attitude and knowledge of doctors on domestic violence.

Methods : From 2000 March to October, we surveyed questionnaires to residents. The contents included the attitude on the victims, assailants and the children of domestic violence, whether they had the will to report domestic violence to the police or not, and finally the knowledge about the law on domestic violence.

Results : Among 210 residents, 95 (45.2%) answered. Almost 90% of the subjects agreed to the necessity of social intervention on the assailants. And most residents agreed that the psychosocial impact of domestic violence to the exposed children was important. 65 (68.4%) residents said they would report to the police when they recognized victims of domestic violence during their consultation. 27-68% answered correctly about the law related to domestic violence. 40% agreed to the need of education for domestic violence.

Conclusion : The residents had little knowledge on domestic violence law. Therefore, it is essential for residents to be educated accordingly. The factors of marital status and sexual difference of doctors on domestic violence should be investigated.

Background
: Among the over-the-counter drugs, non-opioid analgesics are widely used in Korea. Non-opioid analgesics may have potential adverse effects such as side effects, tolerance, and addiction when used inappropriately. Moreover, children have less power to make a rational decisions than adults. Therefore, the role of parents in analgesic use is more and more important in children. This study was designed to investigate the frequency of use of analgesics in children and the behavior of parents administering them.

Methods : From April to May 2000, we collected questionnaires on the use of analgesics for relieving children's pain which were completed by parents from 3 elementary schools in Seoul. Student t-test and linear by linear test were applied to compare the difference between analgesic-administered group and non-administered group.

Results : The subjects were 630 parents among 702 respondents. Common reason for the parents to administer analgesics to their children were common cold, headache, abdominal pain etc. Pain severity were high in earache and fever and lower in abdominal pain and headache. Among the total 457(72.1%) parents were said to have kept analgesics at home. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen were the most common kept analgesics at home. Were more analgesic-keeping house likely to analgesics at home. Younger parents, younger children and mothers. Only 25.4% among those with analgesics at home gave analgesics during the last month. The administration rate was higher in the higher education levels(P<0.05), and increased linear by linear according to the number of house-keeping analgesics(P<0.05).

Conclusion : Seventy two percent of parents kept analgesics at home. But only a quarter of the parents gave analgesics to their children. The administration rate of analgesics in relieving pain in children by their parents was higher in the highly educated parents group and showed linear increase in proportion to the number of house-keeping analgesics.

Background
: An inverse relationship between cholesterol level and the degree of depressive symptoms was found in several studies targeted to Westerners. But, other studies failed to replicate this finding giving diverse opinion on this matter. The objective of the study was to investigate the association between the degree of depressive symptoms and lipid level, total calorie intake and fat intake respectively in adults screened in a health promotion center in Korea.
Method: The study group consisted of 352 men and women who visited the Health Promotion Center of Seoul National University Hospital from Jane to August in 1998. Their depressive symptoms were measured by Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D). Lipid level was measured by enzymatic methods with fasting blood specimen. Total calorie and fat intake were calculated from a self-reported questionnaire on the types and amount of food.

Results : Depressive symptoms were not significantly related to lipid levels, total calorie intake, fat intake, age, exercise, BMI, smoking or alcohol consumption(p<0.05). But sex(p<0.05), marital status(p<0.05). educational level(p<0.05) and average income(p<0.05) were significantly related to depressive symptoms in the whole study group(n=352). Educational level(p<0.05), menopausal status(p<0.05) and LDL cholesterol(P<0.05) were significantly related to depressive symptoms only in women(n=185). However in multivariate models which adjusted for confounding factors these associations were not found(p>0.05).

Conclusion : In contrast to the results of previous studies, no significant association between he degree of depressive symptoms and lipid levels, total calorie intake and fat intake respectively were found in Korean adults after adjusting for several factors related to health.