Background
: Anxiety is one of the major aspects of human emotion, and also one of the important symptoms seen in general medical in primary care practice to recognize, assess, and intervene in psychological aspects of chronic illnesses in view of understanding causes of diseases, predicting clinical progression, and making balanced therapeutic approach. In this regards, the present study compares hypertensives with normal controls on measures of anxiety.

Methods : Typertensive subjects consisted of patients who were receiving treatment for essential hypertension in outpatient clinic of internal medicine or famuly medicine from July 1994 to August 1994. Control subjects consisted of normotensives who were relatives of general patients admitted in Cheju Hankook Hospital during same period. Questionnaires for general inforamtionand translated Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) were recorded by all subjects.

Results : 50 male and 50 female subjects were studied in each group by matching. Mean ages were 54, 58 years for hypertensive amle and female groups, and 41,44 years for control male and female groups. Mean SAS scores for hypertensives and controls were 40.2 and 36.7 respectively and revealed statistically significant difference between two groups(P<0.01). In the comparison of hypertensives and controls on individual items of SAS, hypertensives reported significantly greater(P<0.05) tendency for mental disintegration, dizainess, dyspnea, urinary frequency, and sweating than controls did. In the comparison of SAS scores by sex, there was no significant difference between hypertensives and controls in male(37.2, 34,8, respectively), but hypertensives showed significantly higher scores(43.8) than controls(38.2) in female subjects(P<0.001). And the mean SAS scores for female subjects were significantly higher(P<0.05) than male subjects in both hypertensive and control group. The degree of anxiety was increased with age in control group., but such an increase was not reported in hypertensives.

Conclusion : It is needed for physicians treating and managing hypertensive patients to understand. assess on first visit, and intervene in this important psychological aspect, anxiety, especially in female patients.

Background
: It is important in heaith examination to select the kinds of target diseases and screening tests in the respect of cost-benefit effect. Therefore we carried out this study to aid selection of target diseases and screening tests.

Methods : We reviewed questionnaires for medical history, medical charts and screening test results of 832 adults who visited outpatient department of family medicine for the purpose of health examination from April, 1991 to March, 1993. We selected 576 adults who had not suffered from chronic diseases.

Results : The selected subjects were composed of 300 males (52.1%) and 276 females(47.9%). The screening tests which showed high positive rates were upper gastrointestinal series/Gastrofiberscopy(27.1%), blood pressure measurement(20.3%), abdominal ultrasonography(16.9%), urine microscopic examination(13.0%), chest X-ray(12.5%). The detection rates of target diseases were 25%(144 subjects) in all, 22.7% in males, and 27.5% in females. The 4 most common target diseases were hypercholesterolemia(8.0%), anemia(7.5%) liver disease(5.0%), and hypertension(4.2%). Among males, higher detection rate of liver disease were seen in the 3rd and 4th decades : liver disease and hypercholesterolemia in the 5th decade. Males older than 50 years of age had higher rate of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and anemia. Among females, higher detection rate of anemia were seen in the 3rd and 4th decades ; anemia, hypercholesterolemia and HBsAg(+) in the 5th decade. Females older than 50 years of age had higher rate of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and anemia.

Conclusion : Target diseases in health examination were observed in 25% of selected subjects. The detection rate of target diseases were significantly different according to age and sex.

Background
: Falls and their consequences occur at all stages of life, but they occur much more commonly in old age and the elderly are more prone to injury themselves. Hip fracture is one of the most common and severe complications from falls. Furthermore, it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. In this paper, we reviewed the charts and tried to find the characteristics of falls as a cause of hip fracture and risk factors in the elderly.

Methods : Charts were reviewed. The patients that admitted from January 1990 to July 1993 had all hip fractures and they were all above 65 years. The situations, place(mainly environmental factors), age, sex, BMI(body mass index), kinds of injury and existed intrinsic factors were reviewed.

Results : Total numbers were 202 cases, the fractures by falls were 161(79%). As ages increased, cases increased too. BMI was relatively low. (mean ; men 20.9, women 20.0) Femur neck fractures were developed relatively high than intertrochanteric fractures, environmental factors were involved in falls apparantly(94 cases, 62%). The places were restroom(22 cases), stairs(21 cases), roads(14 cases), room(12 cases), floors(0 cases), icy or snowy ways and so on. Intrinsic factors of falls were lower limb dysfunction(23 cases, 14.3%), visual disturbance(13 cases, 8.1%), past history of stroke(18 cases, 11.2%), Parkinson's disease(2 cases), and drugs including alcohol (2 cases). The number of intrinsic risk factors per one person was 0.44. Another risk factors were vertebral abnormalities and osteoporosis(11.3 cases, 6.8%) and chronic diseases(20 cases 12.4%).

Conclusion : Most of hip fractures were developed by falls. Falls were complex processes including environmental and intrinsic risk factors. Most of the elderly need the caution of falls and espesially the olds that have intrinsic risk factors should be encouraged to prevent falls practically and they need practical preventive methods. All doctors that care of the elderly should recommend preventive protocols to them.