| Ji Hyun Moon | 5 Articles |
One-third of the global population aged 15 years and older engages in insufficient physical activities, which affects health. However, the health risks posed by sedentary behaviors are not well known. The mean daily duration of sedentary behavior is 8.3 hours among the Korean population and 7.7 hours among the American adult population. Sedentary lifestyles are spreading worldwide because of a lack of available spaces for exercise, increased occupational sedentary behaviors such as office work, and the increased penetration of television and video devices. Consequently, the associated health problems are on the rise. A sedentary lifestyle affects the human body through various mechanisms. Sedentary behaviors reduce lipoprotein lipase activity, muscle glucose, protein transporter activities, impair lipid metabolism, and diminish carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, it decreases cardiac output and systemic blood flow while activating the sympathetic nervous system, ultimately reducing insulin sensitivity and vascular function. It also alters the insulin-like growth factor axis and the circulation levels of sex hormones, which elevates the incidence of hormone-related cancers. Increased sedentary time impairs the gravitostat, the body’s weight homeostat, and weight gain, adiposity, and elevated chronic inflammation caused by sedentary behavior are risk factors for cancer. Sedentary behaviors have wide-ranging adverse impacts on the human body including increased all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, cancer risk, and risks of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; musculoskeletal disorders such as arthralgia and osteoporosis; depression; and, cognitive impairment. Therefore, reducing sedentary behaviors and increasing physical activity are both important to promote public health.
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Sarcopenia is an age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Coffee has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that have been shown to be inversely related to the mechanism of sarcopenia. While there have been some studies on the effect of coffee on sarcopenia in animals, studies on the topic in humans are rare. Therefore, we investigated this relationship in elderly Korean men. The cross-sectional data were derived from the 2008–2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. After applying the exclusion criteria, the study sample consisted of 1,781 men who were at least 60 years of age. Study participants were identified as having sarcopenia if their appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by height squared was less than two standard deviations below the gender-specific mean of this value for young adults. Daily coffee consumption amounts were categorized as <1 cup, 1 cup, 2 cups, and ≥3 cups. Compared to the group of individuals who drank less than one cup of coffee a day, people who consumed at least 3 cups (adjusted odds ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.94) showed significantly decreased sarcopenia; however, the decrease was not significant when the daily coffee consumption was 1 or 2 cups. In multivariate logistic regression models, significant associations were observed between sarcopenia and coffee consumption (P for trend=0.039). The results of this study suggest that consuming at least 3 cups of coffee per day was associated with a lower prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly Korean elderly men. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
We previously proposed the Predictive Index for Osteoporosis as a new index to identify men who require bone mineral density measurement. However, the previous study had limitations such as a single-center design and small sample size. Here, we evaluated the usefulness of the Predictive Index for Osteoporosis using the nationally representative data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants underwent bone mineral density measurements via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the Predictive Index for Osteoporosis and Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to obtain optimal cut-off points for the Predictive Index for Osteoporosis and Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians, and the predictability of osteoporosis for the 2 indices was compared. Both indices were useful clinical tools for identifying osteoporosis risk in Korean men. The optimal cut-off value for the Predictive Index for Osteoporosis was 1.07 (sensitivity, 67.6%; specificity, 72.7%; area under the curve, 0.743). When using a cut-off point of 0.5 for the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians, the sensitivity and specificity were 71.9% and 64.0%, respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.737. The Predictive Index for Osteoporosis was as useful as the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians as a screening index to identify candidates for dual energy X-ray absorptiometry among men aged 50–69 years. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
Background
: There are no agreement for abnormalities in serum lipid concentrations and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. But there are no reports for consideration of postmenopausal state and hormone replacement therapy(HRT). Therefore, we anayzed serum Lp(a) and lipid concentrations in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism considering menopause and HRT and the correlation between serum Lp(a) level and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration. Methods : We undertook this study in 99 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH>5uIU/mL) and 297 age- and sex-matched normal control. They and no abnormalities in liver and renal function, fasting blood glucose and medical and drug histories. We excluded who were receiving HRT. Serum free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, TSH were measured by radioimmune assay using commercial kits, and Lp(a), total cholesterol, TG and HDL by Latex and enzyme method, respectively. Results : There were no significant differences of serum Lp(a), total cholesterol, LDL, TG, HDL concentrations in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and control subjects, analyzing after dividing into men, premenopausal and postmenopausal women. In patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, there was no correlation between serum Lp(a) and TSH concentraions(r=0.06, P>0.05). Conclusion : Considering menopause and HRT, there were no increase in serum Lp(a) and lipid concentrations in subclinical hypothyroidism. There was no correlation between serum Lp(a) and TSH concentration in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Background
: Obesity is a protecitive factor of osteoporosis, which is one of the important health proplems in the elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between indicators of central obesity and bone mineral density (BMD) in women. Methods : Among the healthy people who visited a tertiary hospital in Pusan for health exam from January to May 1999, we selected 303 women. We measured body mass index(BMI), waist, waist-to-hip ratio(WHR), menopausal period, and BMD. The SPSS statistical program was used for statistical analysis and the following test used: correlation and partial correlation adjusted for age and menopausal period. Results : The total subjects consisted of 162 premenopausal and 141 postmenopausal women. In all subjects, BMI and WHR were positively correlated with spinal BMDs, but after controlling for age and menopausal period, BMI (r=0.322, P<0.01) and waist (r=0.220, P<0.01) were related to spinal BMDs. In the premenopausal group, spinal BMDs were correlated with BMI, waist, but after controlling for age, they were related to BMI (r=0.270, P<0.01) and waist(r=0.193, p<0.05). In the postmenopausal group, BMI, waist and menopausal period were correlated with spinal BMDs, and after controlling for age and menopausal period, BMI(r=0.365, p<0.01) and waist(r=0.251, p<0.01) remained related to spinal BMDs. In women of BMI below 25kg/m², spinal BMDs were correlated with waist(r=0.163, P=0.02)and not WHR. Conclusion : These results suggest that waist, not WHR was associated with spinal BMDs in women.
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