Background
: Industrialization has taken its roll in creating a noisy environment that has resulted in various man-made diseases. Their most distinctive one is Noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL). Although developed NIHL has never treated, developing of NIHL could be prevented if with attention, sufficiently. Thus, its prevention can not be emphasized very much. One method of its prevention is screening test for high risk group of NIHL during priodic health examination. Our study was designed to find prevalence and characteristics of NIHL in men in their twenties with military duty-off and its related factors.

Methods : The selected subjects were 103 males in their twenties with military duty-off taken periodic health examination of new officer candidates in a public enterprise at 8 july 1994 at hanil general Hospital. Data were gathered by questionnaire which is consist of past medical history related to hearing loss, noise exposure and its kinds. Screening Audiometer test was performed. Otoscopic examination and physical examination related to hearing disturbances were performed. Thereafter, audiogram(air-and bone- conduction) were performed if any abnormal finding was detected by screening audiometer test.

Results : Among 103 male subjects, 11 subjects(10.7%) were considered to NIHL cases and were shown to have C-5 dip pattern. Their mean hearing loss at 4,000Hz and by 3-divided method were 45.9(dB), 10.0(dB) in Lt. ear and 36.8(db), 10.3(dB) in Rt. ear, respectively. Among 14 cases of other noise exposure group, only 1 case was considered NIHL case.

Conclusion : Among 103 subjects, 11 subjects were shown to have C-5 dip pattern known as incipient appearance of NIHL or its advanced pattern. Thus, prevalence of NIHL was 10.7%. According to this results, we thought that some hearing conservation programs should be applied to this group. and we considered that, if their job should be performed in a noisy environment, screening test for hearing disturbance should be applied.

Background
: As interest of people about health focused on early detection of disease and health promotion, periodic examination is increased. Plasma glucose test and semiquanititative urine stick test have been used currently as a screening test of DM. We evaluated the significance of urine glucose test as a screening test for DM in mass screening through the detection rate and validity of the urine glucose test using semiquantitative urine stick stest. We also examined the proporton and age distribution of people with abnormal plsma glucose level.

Methods : We inquired the level of fasting plasma glucose and urine glucose of 19,920 men who enrolled on the periodic health examination of one coporation. The level of urine glucose was measured by the urine stick using the oxidative enzymatic method.

Results : The sex of 19,920 objects was only man with age ranging from 20's to 50's. Age distribution was not corresponding to the standard demographic distribution pattern. The number of people with positive urine stick test was 125, 1.45% of total objectives and increased with age, 0.78% in the group under 30 years old and 5.1% in the group more than 50 years old. Sensitivity of urine glucose test was 29.8% and increased with glucose level, 20% in the group of plasma glucose 140-170mg/dl, 43.6% in 180-199mg/dl and 58.0% in more than 200 mg/dl. Sensitivity also increased with age, 0.0% in the group under the 30-year-old, 14.9% in the group of 30's, 45.7% in 40's and 51.6% in 50's. Also false negative rate of urine glucose test was high, 70.2%.

Conclusion : Urine glucose test with urine stick seems to be defective method in cost-benefit as a mass screening examination considering low sensitivity of 29.8%, low positive predictive rate of 68.8% and low prevalence of DM, although specificity is high. It may be selectively used in high risk group or in people with symptoms of DM. It seems to be proper to diognose DM with plasme glucose test when suspicious of DM, too.

Background
: In considerable portion of patients complaining upper gastrointestinal symptoms, the causes of the symptoms are not certain. This study was purposed to identify the factors related to the upper gastrointestinal symptoms.

Methods : the subjects were selected among the people that visited outpatient department of family medicine for the purpose of health screening and were examined by gastrofiberoscopy or upper gastrointestine series. All subjects were surveyed to determine the existence of 8 upper gastrointestinal symptoms and 15 factors composed of social environment, life style, diet patterns.

Results : The number of complaining symptoms was correlated significantly with sex, diet pattern, sleep pattern, exercise, and bowel habit. The bowel habit was correlated with 7 symptoms. Sleep pattern was correlated with 6 symptoms and diet pattern was correlated with 5 symptoms. The pepticulcer was correlated significantly with male, diet pattern, alcoho drinking, cigarette smoking. There was no significant correlation between peptic ulcer and number of complained sympotoms. Also there was no significant correlation between each symptom and peptic ulcer.

Conclusion : Upper gastrointestinal symptoms were affected by sex, diet pattern, exercise, sleep pattern, and bowel habit rather than organic causes. and these factors should be considered in management of patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal symptoms.