Background
: In recent years, the disease related with atherosclerosis, such as coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease, are increasing with the change of diet and socioeconomic status among Koreans. Thus, we investigated the risk factors of atherosclerosis in persons who took medical examinations.

Methods : We studied on the prevalence of atherosclerotic risk factors, such as smoking, lack of exercise, obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, high LDL-cholesterolemia, low HDL-cholesterolemia. The subjects were 4,396 persons(men 2458, women 1957) who took medical examinations in the period from June 1990 to June 1991 at Asan Medical Center. We used questionnaires designed for getting information on their exercise and smoking. We checked their height, weight and blood pressure. Blood sugar and serum lipids were measured after the subjects fasted for more than 12 hours. The indices of risk factors were defined as followings : obesity ; ≥120% of ideal body weight, hyperglycemia : fasting blood sugar ≥ 140mg/dl, hypertension : diastolic BP ≥ 90mmHg or systolic BP ≥ 140mmHg, hypercholesterolemia : serum cholesterol ≥ 240mg/dl, high LDL-C ≥ 160mg/dl, low HDL-C : <35mg/dl in men, <45mg/dl in women.

Results : Followings are the summary of the results. The prevalence of smoking is 41.2% (men 55.7%, women 20.8%) among subjects, lack of exercise 23.9%(men 25.5%, women 23.9%), obesity 17.5%(men 17.2%, women 22.7%), hyperention 5.9%(men 7.4%, women 5.7%), hyperglycemia 3.7%(men 5.4%, women 2.5%), hypercholesterolemia 10.4%(men 10.9%, women 9.8%), high LDL-cholesterolemia(men 8.6%, women 9.1%), low HDL-cholesterolemia 21.4%(men 13.4%, women 31.7%). The prevalence of lack of exercise, obesity, low HDL-cholesterolemia higher in women than men. Hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and high LDL-cholesterolemia increased with age.

Conclusion : Most of the risk factors of atherosclerosis except male gender, age, and genetic factors were potentially reversible. The prevalence of smoking, lack of exercise, obesity was very high in this study. Thus for prevention and management of atherosclerosis, we should educate people to modify life style. We hope that this study will provide the basic information for the future studies on the risk factors factors of atherosclerosis.

Background
: Hepatitis B Vaccination plays an important role in national health, so it has spreaded out widely since 10 years ago. But we still face difficulties in getting information on actual condition of the vaccination due to not having enough research on the status of vaccination rate. Therefore this research mainly focused on the vaccination rate in general population and those who need vaccination.

Methods : We surveyed 4,939 people who had visited General Health Screening Center of Asan Medical Center. We compared their vaccination rate according to their sex, age, educational background and their occupations. And we compared the positive rate of HBsAg and HBsAb according to vaccination status. We surveyed vaccination rate of 3,656 people, who were the individuals excluding those who were not vaccinated for they knews they were positive in HBsAg or HBsAb.

Results : 37% of total number of persons have been vaccinated. Among them 38.5% were males and 34.7% were females. This showed higher vaccination rate among men compare to women. In terms of age, teens showed 57.1%, the highest vaccination rate. Twenties to fourties showed 34~41% and fifties to the older showed 30~34% of vaccination rate. Therefore vaccination rate decreased as the age increased. Regarding educational background vaccination rate was 45.7% for college graduates or higher educational level. High school level showed 29.2%. This revealed higher percentage of vaccination rate among people with better educational background compared to those with less education. In terms of occupation, adiministratives, professionals showed 47.1%, 43.2% of vaccination rate. Factory workers, labors showed 35.3% of vaccination rate. Farmers and fishers showed very low vaccination rate of 4.9%. People with family history of liver disease showed higher percentage of 39.3% than those without(36.7%). Positive rate of HBsAg was higher in those woh were not vaccinated 8.3% than vaccinated group 2.3%. Postive rate of HBsAb was higher in vaccinated group 84.8% than those who had no vaccintion 68.0%. 44.2% of those who need vaccination have been vaccinated. In this group, vaccination rates according to sex, age, educational background, theri occupations and family history of liver diseases and positive rate of HBsAg and HBsAb showed same patterns of the total group.

Conclusion : HBV's vaccination rate was 37%. It showed higher vaccination rate in male youngeter, the educated, professional and individuals having a family history of liver disease.