Background
: Post-Herpetic Neuralgia(PHN) is the most common and serious complication of herpes zoster(H-Z). Especially in the elderly, intractable chronic pain is caused by PHN and it affects the quality of life severely. The study examined the predictive factors of PHN for its prevention and treatment.

Methods : 691 cases of patients with herpes zoster who visited department of dermatology were studied of Kwang Ju Christian Hospital during the five years from Jan. 1991 to Dec. 1995. Retrospective chart review was used to compare occurrence of PHN according to age, sex, residential area of patients, inpatients of outpatients status, nerve dermatome, interval of treatment, methods of treatment, associated conditions and duration of PHN. The authors compared the incidence of patients with PHN and patients with H-Z according to above variables. For statistical analysis, we used chi-square and t-test through SPSS/PC+(P<0.05).

Results : The incidence of PHN was 22.9%(158/691) and increased with age. The incidence of patients under 60 years of age was 16.5%, more than 60 was 30.7%(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance concerning sex, residential area of patients, methods of treatment, associated conditions in the incidence of PHN compared to patients with H-Z. The significant difference in the incidence of PHN was shown between inpatients and outpatients status(20.5%, 27.3% respectively)(P<0.05). Anatomical site of PHN of the highest incidence was the opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve(27.1%), followed by cervical(26.0%), thoracic(24.4%) and sacral(22.2%) in order of sequence. Associated conditions or diseases of PHN were observed in 80 patients(24.7%) including hypertension(39.5%), tuberculosis(39.3%), malignancy(34.5%), COPD(33.3%), chronic hepatitis(22.7%), DM(15.4%). The interval between the onset of H-Z and the initiation of treatment showed that significant difference in the incidence of PHN was on the fourth day with less than and more than 4 days showing 18.5% : 25.1% respectively(P<0.05).

Conclusion : The important factors affecting the incidence of PHN were interval between the onset of H-Z and the initiation of treatment, age and inpatients or outpatients status. The methods of treatment(acyclovir or steroid), sex, residential area of patients, associated conditions and nerve distribution were not significant factors.

In recent study, exercise hypertension is associated with a lower adjusted mortality rate and is likely to a good prognostic sign, although its clinical significance is uncertain. The purpose of this investigation was to study exercise hypertensive reaction and to search its related factors. From June. 1st to Aug. 31st 1996, 108 males, mean age 41.5years(range, 20-70) attended the exercise stress test as volunteers during checking-up of health & disease at Health Service Center of Kwang-ju Christian hospital. The exercise stress test using stationary leg bicycle was done until the examiner were exhausted, at which we measured peak exercise systolic blood pressure & Pulse rate. The results are shown as follows. Exercise hypertension was present in 22 subjects(20.0%). Including age, body mass index, RPE scales at 70% maximal heart rate, rate of level of elevation of heart rate during exercise, no significant related factors associated with exercise hypertension was present by the discriminant analysis. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that exercise-induced increase in systolic blood pressure was positively correlated with only resting systolic pressure(r=0.101, p less than 0.01). RPE(Rating of Perceived Exertion) scales was 18.05±1.31 when pulse rate of the examiner was reached to 70% of maximal heart rate(220-age(year)). In conclusion, no significant related factor associated with exercise hypertension was presents, but exercise-induced increase of systolic blood pressure was positively correlated with only resting systolic pressure.

Background
: This study is carried out to see if there is any difference in the family function of children-patients between those hospitalized through the emergency room where immediate treatments are available anytime and those hospitalized through the outpatient department where they have to wait for available doctors and the treatment is given only during the office hours

Methods : The family function and family environment of children-patients who had been hospitalized at the Kwangju Christian Hospital from May through July were evaluated by Family APGAR and FACES Ⅲ. Diseases of children in each group were also comparatively evaluated and one-to-one correspondences were mode between the two groups. Then 82 children were respectively selected from each group and the two groups were compared by T-test and chi-square test in terms of SPSS.

Results : There were no differences in general characteristics of children of both groups, and in both groups the number of boys was bigger than that of girls. As to the clinical characteristics, chief complaints of the study group were dominated by fever, respiratory difficulties, and convulsive attacks, while they were dominated by coughing in the control group. When it comes to the manifestation period of major symptoms before hospitalization, the study group took 4.5±0.52 days and the control group 7.9±0.81 days with the former showing showing short enough, in terms of statistical significance, period(p<0.01). But on sifgificant differences were found in the duration of hospitalization between the two groups. In the comparison of family functions, the study group showed 6.8±0.28 points on family Apgar score, 24.8±0.19 points on adaptability, and 33.9±0.8 points on cohesion, whereas the control group showed 6.9±0.26 points on family APGAR score, 24.9±0.67 points on adaptability, and 34.0±0.79 points on cohesion, showing no significant differences between the two groups. As to the family type, the Mid-ranged type was dominant in both groups-51 children(62.2%) in the study group and 44 children(33.7%) in the control group.

Conclusion : There is no significant difference in the family function of children patients hospitalized through emergency room and those hospitalized through the outpatient department.

Background
: It is generally accepted in Korea that most of the third year high school(H3) students who are under the academic competitive pressure for college enterance examination seem to be forced to restrict their daily amount of sleep in order to have more time for studying. It is well known that sleep and anxiety interact in a complex manner. The aim of this study is to determine if the trait anxiety could affect sleep patterns in H3 students This article is part of a broad survey study concerning sleep patterns in Korean middle and high school students.

Methods : In the survey study, the Korean version of Spielberger's trait anxiet scale(1970) and sleep questionnare were administered to 240 H3 students(160 male, 80 female) who go to the same school and live in a large city, Kwangju. Two groups of students with high and low trait anxiety levels(58 in each group) were selected based on the trait anxiety scale ratings and then the differences between the two groups were examined in terms of night sleep and daytime sleepiness on weekdays, as well as experiences of abnormal sleep episodes.

Results : Regarding the night sleep, the high anxiety group estimated their sleep was significantly less refreshing than the low anxiety group despite the fact that there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of bed time, rise time, time in bed, sleep latency, frequency of awakening and awakened methods. On components of night sleep regularity, bed time and sleep length were significantly more irregular in the hight anxiety group than in the low anxiety group whereas rise time did not differ between the two groups. Daytime naps were more frequently taken in the high anxiety group than in the low anxiety group, while the experience of daytime dozing and the situations of dozing were not significantly different between the two groups. Abnormal sleep episodes at night such as difficulty in falling saleep, sleep talking, nightmare, and waking up due to headache, seizure, or leg discomfort were significantly more frequent in the high anxiety group than in the low aniety group.

Conclusion : Although all vriables of sleep are not clearly different between the high and low anxiety groups, the findings demonstrated that trait anxiety may contribute to sleep characteristics in H3 students, and suggested the need for further studies on a variety of behavioral aspects along with daytime learning efficacy associated with sleep restriction in H3 students with high trait anxiety.

Background
: Urinary tract infection is important in children, since untreated or undertreated urinary tract infection has an incidious progressive course resulting in renal damage and a tendency to shorten life. In child, gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, poor feeding, loose stool, diarrhea and pyrexia may be the only manifestation of urinary tract infection. As primary care physician, we must detect urinary tract infection as early as possible.

Methods : Clinical, laboratory, bacteriologic and radiologic studies were performed in 387 infants and children with gastrointestinal symptoms who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Dong Incheon Gil Hospital from January 1991 to December 1991.

Results : 387 cases with gastrointestinal symptoms under the age of 15 years were studied for the evidence of urinary tract infection. 51(13.4%) had urinary tract infection. 27 out of 51(52.9%) were male and 24 out of 51(47.1%) were female. Urinary tract infection was more prevalent under the age of 1 year(84.3%).(P<0.005)

Conclusion : An early detection of urinary tract infection in neonates can be done by screening the cases with gastrointestinal symptoms and a routine examination of urine in all such cases.

Background
: Stress according to industrial development affect the alcohol dependence.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the corredlation between alcohol dependence and life change events.

Methods : Data were gathered from 73 male drinkers who were evaluated for general check-up and were classified into alcohol dependent group by MAST. And data were collected from 73 male drinkers who were similar in demograph with case groups.
All data were completed from March to September, 1992 and the korean SRRS was used to evaluate the stress in alcoholic patients.

Results : The total score of KSRRS is higher in alcoholics than controls.(P<0.001) The items of KSRRS are more common in alcoholics than controls.(P<0.001) The score and item in change of health life, change of occcupational life, change of family life and change of economic life are more higher in alcoholics than controls.

Conclusion : There was significant difference between life change events and alcohol dependence. Thus, stress is thought to play a great role in alcohol dependence.

Five family medicine residents reviewed charts which were practiced by a family physician from September 1989 to August 1990.
After classifying the collected data in reference to ICPC coding system, following results were obtained.
1. The total number of patients were 3,485 and 1,596 were male, 1,889 were female.
2. The age distribution of patients was 0 through 96 years old. The largest was the 0 to 9 year old goup by 34.8%, the smallest was above 90 year old group by 0.1%, the pediatric group consisted of 44.2% and geriatric group consisted of 3.3%.
3. The total number of Reason For Encounter(RFE) was 4668, the average RFE per patients was 1.4 per patients and the kind of RFEs was 265. Among them cough, fever, generalized abdominal pain, symptoms/complains of throat and U.R.I ranked most common.
4. The total number of diagnoses was 4141, the average number of diagnoses was 1.2 per patient. Among them U.R.I., acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis, disod. stomach function, other resumed infection and irritable bowel symdrome ranked most common.
5. According to division of diagnosis by chapter, respiratory(44.4%), digestive(26.9%), general(5.8%) and musculoskeletal(3.8%) were ranked.
6. The number of diagnostic tests per patient was 0.38. Among the top 10 include 91.5% and chest X-ray, Urinalysis, LFT, HBsAg/anti-HBs, CBC were 18.0%, 15.1%, 13.5%, 11.6%, 9.9% respectively.
7. 39 cases were referred to Internal medicine, General Surgery, Urology, Pediatrics 8, 7, 5, 4 respectively.