| Mi Hee Kong | 12 Articles |
One-third of the global population aged 15 years and older engages in insufficient physical activities, which affects health. However, the health risks posed by sedentary behaviors are not well known. The mean daily duration of sedentary behavior is 8.3 hours among the Korean population and 7.7 hours among the American adult population. Sedentary lifestyles are spreading worldwide because of a lack of available spaces for exercise, increased occupational sedentary behaviors such as office work, and the increased penetration of television and video devices. Consequently, the associated health problems are on the rise. A sedentary lifestyle affects the human body through various mechanisms. Sedentary behaviors reduce lipoprotein lipase activity, muscle glucose, protein transporter activities, impair lipid metabolism, and diminish carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, it decreases cardiac output and systemic blood flow while activating the sympathetic nervous system, ultimately reducing insulin sensitivity and vascular function. It also alters the insulin-like growth factor axis and the circulation levels of sex hormones, which elevates the incidence of hormone-related cancers. Increased sedentary time impairs the gravitostat, the body’s weight homeostat, and weight gain, adiposity, and elevated chronic inflammation caused by sedentary behavior are risk factors for cancer. Sedentary behaviors have wide-ranging adverse impacts on the human body including increased all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, cancer risk, and risks of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; musculoskeletal disorders such as arthralgia and osteoporosis; depression; and, cognitive impairment. Therefore, reducing sedentary behaviors and increasing physical activity are both important to promote public health.
Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
Sarcopenia is an age-related loss of muscle mass and strength. Coffee has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that have been shown to be inversely related to the mechanism of sarcopenia. While there have been some studies on the effect of coffee on sarcopenia in animals, studies on the topic in humans are rare. Therefore, we investigated this relationship in elderly Korean men. The cross-sectional data were derived from the 2008–2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. After applying the exclusion criteria, the study sample consisted of 1,781 men who were at least 60 years of age. Study participants were identified as having sarcopenia if their appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by height squared was less than two standard deviations below the gender-specific mean of this value for young adults. Daily coffee consumption amounts were categorized as <1 cup, 1 cup, 2 cups, and ≥3 cups. Compared to the group of individuals who drank less than one cup of coffee a day, people who consumed at least 3 cups (adjusted odds ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.94) showed significantly decreased sarcopenia; however, the decrease was not significant when the daily coffee consumption was 1 or 2 cups. In multivariate logistic regression models, significant associations were observed between sarcopenia and coffee consumption (P for trend=0.039). The results of this study suggest that consuming at least 3 cups of coffee per day was associated with a lower prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly Korean elderly men. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
We previously proposed the Predictive Index for Osteoporosis as a new index to identify men who require bone mineral density measurement. However, the previous study had limitations such as a single-center design and small sample size. Here, we evaluated the usefulness of the Predictive Index for Osteoporosis using the nationally representative data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants underwent bone mineral density measurements via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the Predictive Index for Osteoporosis and Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to obtain optimal cut-off points for the Predictive Index for Osteoporosis and Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians, and the predictability of osteoporosis for the 2 indices was compared. Both indices were useful clinical tools for identifying osteoporosis risk in Korean men. The optimal cut-off value for the Predictive Index for Osteoporosis was 1.07 (sensitivity, 67.6%; specificity, 72.7%; area under the curve, 0.743). When using a cut-off point of 0.5 for the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians, the sensitivity and specificity were 71.9% and 64.0%, respectively, and the area under the curve was 0.737. The Predictive Index for Osteoporosis was as useful as the Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians as a screening index to identify candidates for dual energy X-ray absorptiometry among men aged 50–69 years. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
Background
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of several metabolic disorders (central obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension). It is closely related to the cardiovascular risk factors. ENPP1 is an inhibitor of insulin-induced activation of the insulin receptor. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism and metabolic syndrome in Korean.Methods: We measured BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting glucose in the participants who visited Health Promotion Center, Jeju National University Hospital from February to July 2008. ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism was determined by restriction fragment-length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction in 84 patients with metabolic syndrome and 114 control group. Results: The frequencies of ENPP1 K121Q polymorphism were 27.4% in metabolic syndrome and 9.6% in control group. BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure were increased in male K121Q group and triglyceride was increased in female K121Q group.Conclusion: K121Q polymorphism was more frequent in the patients with metabolic syndrome among Koreans. There were differences of the metabolic components according to the genotype. It supports the K121Q polymorphism was associated with the genetic susceptibility for metabolic syndrome.
Background
The concern about growth hormone, used for treatment of growth hormone deficiency, wasting diseases, is increasing recently. There is much to be desired about the study for the reference range of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) of Korean healthy adults, because there was the lack for the studies of their IGF-1 level. The authors investigated the concentration of IGF-1 according to age groups, and the correlation factor with IGF-1 level in healthy adult in Korea. Methods: The subjects were 10,681 Korean healthy adults (5,263 female, 5,418 male) aged over 20 years, who visited a Department of Family Practice and Community Health in a university hospital from March 1998 to December 2003. We excluded the persons with DM, liver disease, renal disease, thyroid disease, cancer etc. We measured the serum IGF-1, fasting glucose, lipid profile, serum albumin, protein, waist circumference, hip circumference, and body mass index. Results: IGF-1 level showed the sexual difference (184.6 ± 86.3 ng/mL for men, 178.6± 91.8 ng/mL for women) and decreased with aging significantly. Age is the most reliable correlation factor with IGF-1 (R: -0.325 for men, R:-0.463 for women). After adjusting ageand weight, IGF-1 showed the correlation with total protein, albumin, creatinin, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol for men and height, waist circumference, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, total protein, albumin, creatinin, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol for women. Conclusion: IGF-1 concentration decreases with aging over 20 years old. It shows the strongest correlation with age in both sexes. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
The prevalence of osteoporosis was increased. Bisphosphonates are effective medications for osteoporosis because these are increasing bone mineral density and lowering the risk of fractures. Recently, bisphosphonate associated osteonecrosis of the jaws has been well documented. Most reports relate to complications resulting from intravenous bisphosphonate therapy. Oral bisphosphonates have a good safety profile in the treatment of osteoprosis. A few cases were reported about oral bisphosphonates associated osteonecrosis, and we could not find Korean case in literatures. The aim of this repot is to present a Korean women case of osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with oral bisphosphonate treatment for osteoprosis. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:520-524)
Background
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The biological activity of IGF-1 is influenced by IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). We hypothesized that IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels may be associated with the metabolic syndrome which is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: We assessed the circulating levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in 12,415 individuals (men 6,626, women 5,789), aged 18∼81 years, who visited a hospital for regular health examination. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). Results: The IGF-1 concentrations were positively correlated with the waist circumference and systolic blood pressure. The IGFBP-3 concentrations were positively correlated with the waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and triglyceride, and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol. The subjects in the lowest IGF-1 quartile had a significantly higher adjusted odds ratio (OR) of the metabolic syndrome compared with the highest IGF-1 quartile group (adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity). Conversely, the subjects in the highest IGFBP-3 quartile group had a significantly higher adjusted OR of the metabolic syndrome compared with the lowest IGFBP-3 quartile group. Conclusion: The subjects with low IGF-1 level or high IGFBP-3 level showed increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is recognized as a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that low IGF-1 or high IGFBP-3 can be considered to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28:124-133)
Methotrexate (MTX) is the most widely used slow-acting anti-rheumatic agent in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. But, long-term administration of MTX can be complicated with liver fibrosis and even cirrhosis. We report the case in elderly woman with healthy Hepatitis B viral carrier patient who developed liver cirrhosis without viral replication after low-dose MTX therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
Background
: Smoking may be a factor that decreases bone mineral density. Alcohol also may be a factor that increases or decreases bone mineral density. The authors investigated the relationship among life style-related smoking and alcohol intake and the bone mineral density and the amount that may result in the incidence of osteoporosis in Korean men over forties. Methods : In 1,650 men over forties, we compared the mean values of bone mineral density by factors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done on the incidence of osteoporosis and the statistically significant factors after adjustment for age, body index, and daily activity. Results : In men, who smoked over 30 pack-years, the bone mineral density of the spine (P＜.001) and the femur (ward; P=.001, neck; P=.003) was statistically significantly low before and after adjusting (spine P=.001, femur ward P=.010, femur neck P=.016) for age, body mass index, and daily activity. In men who were presently drinking alcohol, the bone mineral density of the femur increased significantly (P＜.001), but drinking alcohol only influenced the bone mineral density of the femur neck after adjustment (P=.025). In men who drank 200∼300 g per week, the bone mineral density of the femur increased significantly (ward P=.001, neck P＜.001), and it influenced the bone mineral density of the femur neck (P= .046) after adjustment. The odds ratio was 1.5 in men who smoked over 30 pack-years in the incidence of osteoporosis, and was statistically significant. Conclusion : As the odds ratio for incidence of osteoporosis increased in men who smoked over 30 pack-years, it is important to stop smoking.
Background
: The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of related cardiovascular risk factors and it is the cause of morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular diseases. Recently, new diagnostic criteria of glucose metabolism impairment has been recommended. The purpose of this study was to estimate the difference of cardiovascular risk by investigating the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the degree of glucose metabolism impairment. Methods : A population of 757 subjects was selected from a database of individuals who visited a health promotion center. We classified these subjects into 5 groups [Normal, Isolated impaired glucose tolerance (I-IGT), Isolated impaired fasting glucose (I-IFG), combined IGT with IFG (IGT/IFG) and Diabetes]. We compared the general characteristics, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in these groups. Results : HOMA-IR and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the IGT/IFG and the Diabetes group were significantly greater than the Normal group. HOMA-IR and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome of the I-IGT and the I-IFG group were not significantly different with the Normal group. Conclusion : The insulin resistance and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the IGT/IFG group was significantly greater than the Normal group, and its presence may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is important to control other combined metabolic disorders to prevent cardiovascular events after effective selection for IGT/ IFG.
|
|
