Background
: Smoking increases the risk of respiratory, cardiac diseases and cancer. This study is to ascertain the relationship between passive smoking, the modes of residence, its location and the immunoglobulin values as well as the eosinophil counts in relation to child patients suffering from bronchial or cardiac asthma.

Methods : The research was conducted at a general hospital with cooperation of 242 patients who had been hospitalized 1991 through 1995. We compared the average values of immunoglobulin between the groups of exposed and non-exposed to smoking by T-test. A same work for residential modes was done by T-test, while the data regarding the residing locality were processed by ANOVA.

Results : Each values of TEC, IgE, IgA, and IgM in both groups has been analysed but spelling no significant differences. The group residing in apartments showed lower value of IgM than those of flats.

Conclusion : The reason the IgM value of apartments is lower than that of flats is due to the difference of living quarters. This signifies the modes of residence may as well affect the IgE value.

Background
: The drug abuse has become cone of social problems especially in the adolescents. It has been well known that the drug abuse is concerned with interaction of biopsychosocial factors and family relation factors. So I have studied the general characteristics and rearing attitude and family state of the adolesents who were in a jail because of drug abuse and have in tended to give some help for establishing effective strategies for family education and therapy.

Methods : The study was done for adolescents who were in a jail because of violation the illegal drug control law. The group was total 55 men and the age distribution was from 15 to 20years. The Questionnaire was used in Mar 1996 for study and I analyzed 53 cases excluding 2 cases because they were nearly illiterate. The FACES III(Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales), family APGAR score and PBI(Parental Bonding Instrument) were used for evaluating the characteristics of family function and the parental rearing attitude. Statistical management with SAS was executed for data analysis.

Results : The average age of the group was 6.9±1.4. 48.1% of them lived in the metropolitan area, 40.4% lived in the middle-sized cities and 11.5% lived in the small country towns. The education level of 91.8% was under middle-school graduate. They have use drugs since the age of 14.6±1.8, they began to use glue sniffing at the first time in 78.8% and butane gas inhalation in 17.3%. The state of family showed the death of father in 28.9% and the death of mother in 13.5% and 76.9% of deaths occurred before they have become 13 years. Their parents divorced in 25%. The mean APGAR score was 4.56±2.6, which means moderately dysfunctional state of family. In FACES III adaptability score was 20.3±5.7 and cohesion score was 26.2±6.9. According to the family type by FACES III, there were 5 cases(9.4%) in balanced, 19 cases(35.9%) in midrange, and 29 cases(54.7%) in extreme. In PBI mother overprotection score was 16.24±4.59, mother care score was 22.5±6.8, father overprotection score was 16.71 5.1 father care was 21.94 6.24.

Conclusion : The drug abused adolescents in a jail were in handicapped family because of deaths and divorce of parents. Their family function score was low and more than half of them had the extreme type of family. Therefore it is wise for us to have a concern for the family problem when understanding and managing drug abused adolescents.

Background
: The climacterium I defined as a group of physical and psychological sympto-mps commonly experienced in the middle ages due to estrogen deficiency, sociocultural and psy-chological gactors This analysis focused on the relationship beteen climacteric sympotoms and life event cagne. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between various life event characteristics, possible medisting factors and climacteric symptomtology.

Methods : The data were collected at the Yonsei Medical Center, a outpatient clinic of the de-partment of family medicine, over a three month period from June, 1995 to August, 1995. Each female subject completed a 21 item symptom self-rating scale. This scale yielded three main in-dependent factors which were composed of 11 psychological symptoms and 7 somatic symptoms and 3 vasomotor symptoms. The level of life event stress experienced was measured by the Life Event Stress Rating Scale of House Wives in Seoul, which had been developed by Wan Sang Yoo(1994), and the Life Event Scale were subclassified into 6 life change items by Kang-E Hong and Do-En Jeong(1982). The collected data were analyzed with the SAS program.
Result: A significant difference in climacteric symptoms occurred between the 45~54 age group and the 55~65 age group(P<0.05). When the climacteric symptoms were subclassified into three subscales, there were statistically significant increase of climacteric symtoms is the 45~54 age group when compared with 55~64 age proup. Health stress of the six Life Event Stress Scale was significantly correlated with somatic symptoms(P<0.05).

Conclusion : Health stress of the Life Event Stress Scale was correlated with somaticc symtoms of the climacteric symptoms. Multiple regression analysis revealed that somatic symp-toms were closely related with the Life Event Stress Scale.