| Nam Seok Joo | 15 Articles |
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Background
Breast cancer is the one of the commonly diagnosed female cancer in Korea. Numerous factors have been noted to be associated with risk of breast cancer: body mass index, menarche, menopause, family history, pregnancy and delivery, breastfeeding, alcohol use, smoking habits, diet, education and use of oral contraceptives. Little is known about hair minerals in breast cancer patient and about correlation between hair minerals and body mass index. Methods: We compared hair mineral analysis data of 37 breast cancer subject with age and body mass index-matched normal control data (N = 144) by cross-sectional analysis. All breast cancer patients were newly diagnosed at one Breast Cancer Center in Ajou University and had their hair cut before anti-cancer chemotherapy, and the normal controls (without breast cancer) also had their hair cut for various reasons in out-patient clinics of the Department of Family Practice and Community Health. Results: Breast cancer patients had low calcium, magnesium, and zinc, whereas they had high arsenic, sodium, and potassium compared with the normal controls. Only hair zinc level had significant negative correlation with body mass index (r = -0.705, P < 0.001) in breast cancer patients, not in normal controls. Conclusion: We observed the difference of hair mineral patterns in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients compared to normal controls and the correlation between these minerals and body mass index in breast cancer patient. Especially hair zinc concentration was significantly reduced and had significant negative correlation with body mass index in breast cancer patients. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
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Background
The social problems of cigarette smoking and obesity are increasing and they threaten the health and dailylife of the both the young and old adults. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between cigarette smoking and obesity. Methods: The study subjects were recruited from the middle and high school located in Ansan city. We used the selfques tionnaire to evaluate their general information including cigarette smoking at enrollment and 8,589 students informations were gathered. Data were classified into three groups (normal body weight, over weight and obesity). Smoking status was classified into past, current, and non smoker and analyzed the relationship with obesity and some life-style patterns. Results: Body weight and body mass index of the girls were significantly higher in the current smokers (52.4 ± 12.2 kg, 19.8 ± 3.5 kg/m2) than in the non-smokers (49.5 ± 7.7kg, 19.3 ± 2.6 kg/m2) and in the boys, body weight was higher in the current smokers (60.3 ± 10.7 kg, 20.4 ± 3.1 kg/m2) than in the non-smokers (57.5 ± 12.1 kg, 20.3 ± 3.3kg/m2), which was not significant. The odds ratios of having obesity were 2.33 (P <0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24 to 3.34) in the current smokers and 2.04 (P < 0.001; 95% CI, 1.36 to 4.0) in the past smokers compared with the non-smokers in the girls. In the boys, there were no significance. Also, all students of the dietary pattern (breakfast, fast food, instant noodle, snack, soft drink) were associated with smoking status significantly. Conclusion: The current smokers showed higher prevalence of obesity and obesity-related dietary pattern than in the nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking may be associated with obesity in the school girls. Citations Citations to this article as recorded by
Background: Obesity and metabolic syndrome are closely correlated where previous studies showed that adipocytes release many inflammatory substances. HsCRP is an indicator of an independent risk factor in coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of hsCRP in different types of obese patients.Methods: We analyzed the data of 7,183 middle-aged Korean adults between the ages of 40 and 60 (men 4,147 and women 3,036) by using a cross-sectional approach. We divided study subjects into 4 different groups; Normal Group (NG; normal waist and normal body mass index), Centrally Obese Group (OB1; Non-obese group with central obestiy), Obese Group without central obesity (OB2) and Obese Group with central obesity (OB3). We compared the difference of anthropometry, metabolic parameters, and hsCRP. Results: Waist circumference (r=0.230, P<.001) and body mass index (r=0.222, P<.001) positively corresponded with high levels of hsCRP. Higher values of hsCRP were found in the OB3 compared to the NG. However, there was no difference between the OB1 and the OB2. The subjects who had central obesity or the metabolic syndrome showed high hsCRP values. The hsCRP values were the highest in subjects who had central obesity with the metabolic syndrome. But, the value of hsCRP was not significantly different in central obesity subjects with or without the metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The highest value of hsCRP was significantly shown in the obese group with central obesity. However, there were no differences found in the hsCRP levels between the non-obese group with central obesity and the obese group without central obesity. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29: 484-491)
Background
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The biological activity of IGF-1 is influenced by IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). We hypothesized that IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels may be associated with the metabolic syndrome which is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: We assessed the circulating levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in 12,415 individuals (men 6,626, women 5,789), aged 18∼81 years, who visited a hospital for regular health examination. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). Results: The IGF-1 concentrations were positively correlated with the waist circumference and systolic blood pressure. The IGFBP-3 concentrations were positively correlated with the waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, and triglyceride, and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol. The subjects in the lowest IGF-1 quartile had a significantly higher adjusted odds ratio (OR) of the metabolic syndrome compared with the highest IGF-1 quartile group (adjusted for age, smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity). Conversely, the subjects in the highest IGFBP-3 quartile group had a significantly higher adjusted OR of the metabolic syndrome compared with the lowest IGFBP-3 quartile group. Conclusion: The subjects with low IGF-1 level or high IGFBP-3 level showed increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is recognized as a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that low IGF-1 or high IGFBP-3 can be considered to increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28:124-133)
Methotrexate (MTX) is the most widely used slow-acting anti-rheumatic agent in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. But, long-term administration of MTX can be complicated with liver fibrosis and even cirrhosis. We report the case in elderly woman with healthy Hepatitis B viral carrier patient who developed liver cirrhosis without viral replication after low-dose MTX therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
Background
: Smoking may be a factor that decreases bone mineral density. Alcohol also may be a factor that increases or decreases bone mineral density. The authors investigated the relationship among life style-related smoking and alcohol intake and the bone mineral density and the amount that may result in the incidence of osteoporosis in Korean men over forties. Methods : In 1,650 men over forties, we compared the mean values of bone mineral density by factors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done on the incidence of osteoporosis and the statistically significant factors after adjustment for age, body index, and daily activity. Results : In men, who smoked over 30 pack-years, the bone mineral density of the spine (P＜.001) and the femur (ward; P=.001, neck; P=.003) was statistically significantly low before and after adjusting (spine P=.001, femur ward P=.010, femur neck P=.016) for age, body mass index, and daily activity. In men who were presently drinking alcohol, the bone mineral density of the femur increased significantly (P＜.001), but drinking alcohol only influenced the bone mineral density of the femur neck after adjustment (P=.025). In men who drank 200∼300 g per week, the bone mineral density of the femur increased significantly (ward P=.001, neck P＜.001), and it influenced the bone mineral density of the femur neck (P= .046) after adjustment. The odds ratio was 1.5 in men who smoked over 30 pack-years in the incidence of osteoporosis, and was statistically significant. Conclusion : As the odds ratio for incidence of osteoporosis increased in men who smoked over 30 pack-years, it is important to stop smoking.
Background
: Obesity increases morbidities and mortalities due to cardiovascular diseases. In previous studies, decrease in heart rate variability was associated with cardiovascular death and reduced heart rate variability in the obese had been reported. The authors investigated immediate changes in the heart rate variability after weight reduction in obese individuals. Methods : The subjects for this study were 39 Korean adults (35 female, 4 male), who visited obesity clinic in a university hospital from January 2002 to July 2003. At first visit, weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference of the subjects were measured. We also measured parameters of heart rate variability: Mean Heart Rate (MHR), Standard Deviation of N-N interval (SDNN), The Square Root of the Mean Squared Difference of successive NN intervals (RMSSD), Total Power (TP), Low Frequency (LF), High Frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio. Weight reduction protocol included nutritional counseling, exercise, behavioral modification and anti-obesity medications, if needed. Results : At 12 weeks of intervention, weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, and lean body mass significantly decreased (3.90±3.11 kg, -1.50±1.21 kg/m2, -4.45±5.61 cm, -3.03±2.45 kg, -1.32±1.16 kg, P＜0.01, respectively). MHR (-6.17±9.65 bpm, P＜0.01) and LF/ HF (-0.61±1.56, P＜0.05) showed significant reduction. Changes of weight and LF were positively correlated (r=0.338, P＜0.01). Changes of waist circumference was correlated with changes of SDNN (r= 0.331, P＜0.05). Changes of BMI showed positive correlation with changes in TP (r=0.327, P＜0.05) and LF (r=0.345, P＜0.05). Conclusion : Short term intervention for obese people decreased sympathetic nervous activity.
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