Background
: The causative effect of cigarette smoking on pulmonary diseases, coronary heart diseases and much variety of cancers is evident. But the rate of cigarette smoking in Korea is increasing and adequate smoking cessation intervention has not been done yet. this clinical trial evaluated the effect of antismoking intervention done by primary care physicians.

Methods : The subjects were 145 smokers who visited SNUH Family Medicine Model Clinic from April to early July, 1991. We randomized subjects by their chart number. We educated all smokers about the adverse effect of cigarette smoking with self-help material and recommended to quit smoking. We reeducated the intervention group every 3rd, 5th and 7th week by face-to-face interview or telephone call. Twelve weeks after the intervention, we attempted to contact every smoker for the number of cigarettes per day currently smoked.

Results : The rates of smoking cessation and reduction for control group and intervention group were 7.7% and 38.5% vs. 19.7% and 47.99%, respectively. They were statistically significant(P<0.05). Statistically significant differences between the case and control groups were in their change of smoking habit in the following subgroups ; greater than 40 years of age, greater than 12 years of education and having diseases associated to smoking.

Conclusion : In conclusion, personal intervention carried out by primary care physicians resulted in significant smoking reduction and cessation. history.

Background
: During recent years, for the purpose of evaluating the health related behaviors, many instruments especially such as health risk appraisal l(HRA) questionnaire were developed. The HRA questionnaire needs reliability for generalized usage. This study evaluated the reliability of Health Risk Appraisals(HRA) questionnaire in SNUH lifetime health monitoring program (LHMP) with test-retest method. This questionnaire evaluates individual's health risk factors and is composed of 23 items(18 optional types, 2 descriptive types, 3 mixed types).

Methods : A total of 140 selected adults aged 20 to 67 years registered in SNUH LHMP completed an HRA questionnaire on two occasions 2 to 6 weeks apart. Test-retest reliability was assessed by agreement index in optional and descriptive type, and kappa index in optional type. Moreover, non-response rate was obtained for each respondent and each question.

Results : The average of non-response rate was 0.10 by each respondent and 0.14 by each question. The range of test-retest reliability of responses to the questionnaire(by each respondent) was 1.00-0.57 by agreement index. The range of test-retest reliability (by each question) was 1.00-0.51 (unchangeable group) and 0.95-0.38 (changeable group) in optional type by kappa index, 0.88-0.16 in descriptive type by agreement index. Respondents generally gave consistent responses over 'fair' level in all items of optional type by kappa index, but relatively less consistent responses in descriptive type by agreement index.

Conclusion : The reliability of HRA questionnaire in SNUH lifetime health monitoring program (LHMP) was above fair level. and we can use this HRA questionnaire generally for evaluating the health related behaviors.