Background
: Increasing the need of appropriate prediction formulas of pulmonary function parameters in Korean adults, interest about which affect the pulmonary function para-meters are increasing. Therefore we examined the relationship between pulmonary function pa-rameters derived from the forced expiratory spirogram and age, height, weight, and smoking amount in Korean middle aged men.

Methods : We analyzed the result of parameters derived from the forced expiratory spiro-gram in 1,954 men who enrolled in health examination of on corporation, from March 1995 to April 1996, who are aged from 45 to 59, and who have neither history of cardiopulmonary dis-ease nor lesions on chest X-ray. Pulmonary function was estimated by SPIROVIT SP-200(Switzerland). We evaluated the relationship between pulmonary function parameters and age, height, weight and smoking amount by multiple linear regression method.

Results : Mean age, height and weight were similar among current-smoker, ex-smoker and non-smoker group. Results of the effect on height-adjusted pulmonary function parameters ac-cording to smoking status were that FVC, FEV₁ and FEV₁/FVC showed no difference among three groups, but FEF 25-75% showed significant decrease in smokers group. To adjust the effects of age, height and weight about pulmonary function, we analyzed the parameters by multiple linear regression method. Results showed that all pulmonary function parameters showed nega-tive correlations with smoking amounts. We evaluated the effect of age, height and weight on pulmonary function parameters by multiple linear regression method. FVC and FEV₁showed negative correlations with age, positive correlations with height and no significant correlations with weight. FEV₁/FVC showed negative correlation only with age, and FEF 25-75% showed signi-ficant negative correlation with age and positive correlation with weight, but no significant cor-relation with height. We compared the predicted value estimated for Korean with that for American. Predicted value from prediction formulas for Korean were higher than that for American.

Conclusion : Smokers had significant decrease of FEF 25-75% compared with ex-smokers and non-smokers in Korean middle aged men. This indicates that smoking develops early changes on peripheral small airways. We have got predicton formulas for pulmonary function parameters in which FVC and FEV₁consisted of age and height and FEF 25-75% consisted of age and weight. Because prediction values estimated by Korean were higher than that by American, we must apply appropriate prediction formulas in Korean to Korean pulmonary function test.

Background
: It is well known that heavy alcohol consumption may result in various lesions on multiple organs and tissue, especially liver. This was conducted to evaluate the relations between the status of alcohol consumption and serum activity of hepatic enzymes such as AST, ALT, and √GTP that were usually used as a screening test.

Methods : All subjects were 906 persons, who visited and questioned at the outpatient clinic of Department of Family Medicine in Hanil Hospital from June, 1995 to August, 1995 for the purpose of regular health screening. We analyzed 825 persons, excluding 56 persons with HBsAg(+), 7 persons with hepatic problems wthin 6 months and 18 persons with medication drugs that could change serum activity of hepatic enzyme of joints, muscles, cardiac problems. Amount of alcohol consumption during 2 weeks and alcohol consumption once, duration, frequency per month were obtained by questionnaire. Alcohol dependent score was conducted using NAST questionnaire that was developed to evaluated alcohol dependency in Korean. The levels of serum activity of hepatic enzyme such as AST, ALT, √GTP were examined by enzyme method. Thest data were analyzed using SAS/PC statistic program.

Results : Total number of subjects was 825, of whom 559(67.8%) were male and 266(32.2%) were female, of whom 408(49.45%-male:36.52%, female:63.48%) were teetotalers and 417(50.55%-male:98.32%, Female:63.48%) were drinkers. Amount of alcohol consumtion during 2 weeks and alcohol consumtion once trended to increase with decresing age in male(P<0.01). The distribution of frequency f alcohol consumtion per month in drinkers was following 1 to 4 per month(37.9%), 5 to 9 per month(26.1%), 10 to 14 per month(14.8%), the above 20 per month(11.5%), 15 to 19 per month(9.5%). The distribution of duration of alcohol consumtion in drinker group was following the above 16 yrs(83.0%), 11 to 15 yrs(8.4%), 6 to 10 yrs(6.7%), the below 5 yrs(1.9%). The mean of alcohol dependent score was 0.88.
Statistical analysis of variance showed that the difference found between the various alcohol consum-tion group(during 2 wks and once) and frequency were significant for the mean AST, ALT, √GTP and the various alcohol dependent score was significant for the mean AST, √GTP, The varios duration was significant for mean √GTP(P<0.01). Statistical χ² trends test showed that the difference found between the varient drinking groups was only significant for the percentage of abnormal √GTP(P<0.01). Multivariate Linear Logistics regression analysis demonstrated that the effect of amount of alcohol consumtion once and alcohol dependent score on AST, duration on ALT, amount of alcohol cosumtion during 2wks on √GTP were statistically significant in male.
Counclusion: The serum activity of √GTP might have most effective value as a screening test for alcohol consumtion, then AST might have higher value than ALT.