Hyperlipidemia has long been associated with cardiovascular disorders by increased incidence of artherosclerosis. So it remains one of the chief risk factors accociated with coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular accidents.
In Korea, there is a increased tendency of hyperlipidemia because of increased ingestion of animal fat, which may account for increased incidence of cardiovascular disease.
It was revealed that the low prevalence of artherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease among Eskimos in Greenland despite a diet as high in fat and cholesterol as that of the Danes or American resulted from different composition of fat consumed, which contained much higher proportion of omege-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the fish diet. The omega-3 fatty acids have lowering effect of serum lipid level. Among the 44 hypercholesterolemic patients who visited Family Practice Center, the randomly selected 26 patients took 650mg omega-3 fatty acid daily and their serum lipid levels were compared with those of the control group. In the case group. omega-3 fatty acids led to decrease in plasma cholesterol (8.2per cent), triglyceride (18.2 per cent), and low density lipoprotein (9.8 per cent). There was no side effect. In the control group. it had much less effect. We conclude that omega-3 fatty acids have lipid lowering effect in hyperlipidemic patients, especially with hypertriglyceridemia.

Thirty-seven suicidal attempters and depressed patients were examined in an effort to determine the importance of life stress as factors in suicidal attempt.
The results were as follows :
1) The suicide group was found to be younger than the depressed group(P<0.05). Sex distribution and socioeconomic status score were revealed no significant difference between two groups.
2) Structured Interview Guide for Hamilton Depression Score(SIGH-D) was not significantly different between two groups.
3) Total stress score and total negative stress score were significantly high in suicidal group than in depressed group(P<0.05), but total positive stress score was not significantly different between two groups.
As a result, this study suggested that suicidal attempt is high in early adulthood group and in high stressed group under the control of degree of depression.

The purpose of the study presented were to compare the health-promting behaviors of older adults with those of young and middle-aged adults to examine the relationship of age and other sociodemographic characteristics to life style throughout adulthood, and to identify differing lifestyle patterns. and to check out the problems among the older adults.
Six dimensions of life sytle were measured by the 'Health-promoting Lifestyle Questionnaire' in 36 elderly and 76 young and middle aged adults.
Older adults had lower scores (53.4±6.8) in overall health-promoting life styles than both young and middle aged group, but it had no significant statistical difference.
It was remarkable that older adults had significant lower scores in the demension of smoking habits and prohibition of smoking.

The suicide with using drugs is becoming a serious social problem. There have been many general studies of suicides, but the studies the suicide with using drugs in the rural areas have not been done well, Especially, in the rural areas agricultural chemicals which can be taken easily are the main ways to attempt suicide. So, the authors studied this phenomenon and analyzed it.
We analyzed the 118 people who attempted suicide with drugs. These are some of the patients who visited Yeo Ju Hospital emergency room from March, 1987 to February, 1989. The results were as follows:
1) Considering the people who attempted suicide by drugs, the ratio of male to female was 1 to 1(male : 59, female : 59), the age distribution rate of both sex between 30 and 39 years old was 24.6%, and that of between 20 and 29 years old was 23.7%, and the age distribution of men was even while the rate of women between 20 and 29 years old was 30.5%, and between 30 and 39 years old was 30.5%.
2) Seasonally, 30.5% of suicides ware attempted in spring, 26.3% in summer, 22.9% in autumn, and 20.3% in winter.
3) 66.1% of men and 54.2% of women used agricultural chemicals, and they also used rodenticide, tranquilizer, hypnotic, glacial acetic acid, etc.
4) For men, 50% of suicides were motivated by home disords, among which 92.3% were the discords between the family except wives, and other motives of suicides were pessimism of himself, failure of business, conflicts with coworkers, etc. For women, 61.9% of the motives of herself, violences of husbands were one of those motives.
5) 61.8% of the who attempted suicides were farmers and some of them were office workers, merchants, students, etc. And 47.4% of them were Buddists, 15.4% Christians, and 3.8% Catholics, and the rest of them have not any religion.
6) 32.5% of them graduated from high school, and 27.3% middle school.
7) 50% of them attempted suicide between 18 and 24 O'clock, and 89.2% of them attempted suicide at their homes.
8) All of those who answered to a questionary did not leave testament, and 82.3% of them did not give any hint to commit suicide.
9) In the process of management, 62.1% of them were hospitalized, among which 60% left the hospital voluntarily, 37% left the hospital after being healthy, 3% died, 27.9% left voluntarily at the emergency room and 6.3% moved to the other hospital.

It required 4 months to collect data(May 1-August 31, 1989), its data were collected by the FACESⅢ questionare that the 56 families of high school students were regarded as the normal functioning families, the 56 families of the inpatients and outpatients of the Shinchon Severance Hospital psychiatry deptment as the dysfunction families.
Its result were as follows.
1. In psychiatric families, the total scores of cohesion and adaptability were significantly lower than those of normal families.
2. In the levels related to cohesion and adaptability, those of the normal families were adaquate (separated & connected, flexible & structured) but those of psychiatric families were disengaged cohesion type and rigid adaptability type.
3. The family types of normal families showed that balanced types were higher significantly than the extreme types, but vice versa in psychiatric families.
4. No difference was noted in family type related to psychiatric disease.

It is a recent trend that the birth and mortality rates have been decreased and average life span prolonged in proportion to the socioeconomic and scientific advances.
More and more people live to a ripe old age, consequently elderly patients are steadily increasing.
This tendency is more remarkable in the rural areas where there is much drift of population comprizing the young and the matured.
This study purported to make a comparative investigation of the diseases among geriatric population in rural and urban areas.
Based uppon ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases), the author made a comparative study of all senior citizens beyond the age of 65 who were hospitalized to the Korea University hospitals at Kuro, an industrial city, and at Yoju, a rural town, from July 1986 to June 1989. The trends of population at the two places for the four years were investigated at the same time.
As a result, the following differences were noticed between two areas.
First, the increase rate of old population 65 years of age and over in the percentage of total population in the rural area far surpassed that in the urban industrial area, and so did the number of aged inpatients in the rural area accordingly.
Second, although there was little difference in the average number of geriatric diseases per inpatient, that of the industrial city being 2.4 and that of the rural town 2.1, the characteristic of each elderly patient were in general multiple nature.
Third, the industrial area abounded mostly with cardiovascular system disease, malignancy, GI tract diseases, endocrine system diseases. In particular, hypertension, D.M., lung cancer and etc. were more predominant in the industrial city. On the other hand, while the rural area also tended to give rise to cardiovascular diseases, GI tract idseases, respiratory system diseases, and infection, the rural town outnumbered the industrial city in the cases of COPD, spondylosis and arthropathy, tuberculosis, heart failure, drug intoxication, etc. (P<0.05).
Fourth, granting that there are these differences between the two areas, what was commonly shared by them was the marked tendency of more and more people reaching a great age, with the inevitable result of increasing geriatric inpatients. Besides, despite some differences in the order of predominant diseases, geriatric diseases of both areas were similar on the whole in that they were mostly characterized by slow and chronic processes.

Emergency medicine includes first contact care, comprehensive care, coordinator function which are the same functions & purposes of family medicine, and has nonseparable relationships with the family medicine. Therefore the training in the emergency room is the essential part of the family medicine training.
This study showed the differencess between districts in the age distributions and problems of which emergency visitors experenced by a family resident. Therefore the training in an emergency room restricted to one district during the family medicine training when we should obtain broad acknowledgements in a relatively short period may be a defective training.
We reviewed 1,243 emergency room visitors who were experienced by a family resident at 3 district hospitals during 11 months from Mar, 1st 1987 to Jan, 31st 1988. We obtained the results as followings. The patients reveiwed in this study were 1,243 emergency room visitors who were first contacted with a family resident at 3 districts(Eup, city, Capital) for 11 months.
1) There were no differences between the three districts in the distributions of sex of which the emergency visitors experienced by a family resident.
2) There were differences between the three districts in the distributions of ages of which the emergency visitors experienced by a family resident.
3) There were differences between the three districts in the distributions of problems of which the emergency visitors experienced by a family resident.
4) There were no differences between the three districts in the 2 most common problemmost common was trauma & intoxication, 2nd common was abdominal pain- of which the emergency visitors experienced by a family resident at Eup, City, Capital. But there were differences between the frequency of problems which were experienced by a family resident at 3 district below the rank of 3rd common.

This study was planned to investigate the positive rate of HBsAg and anti-HBs. In medical personnel by analyzing health screening examination.
We analyzed 202 cases of medical personnel and 247 cases of teachers as control group. HBsAg and anti-HBs were detected with RPHA method.
The results were as follows:
1. The positive rate of HBsAg was 2.5% in medical personnel and 7.7% in control group(P<0.01).
The occurrence rate of anti HBs was 43.5% in medical personnel and 25.1% in control group(P<0.01).
2. The positive rate of anti-HBs was related with type of medial professionals and highest in doctors as 53.0%(P<0.05).
But that of HBsAg was not related with the type of medical professionals.
3. The positive rate of anti-HBs was not related with working place, but highest in clinical laboratory workers as 53.6% and that of HBsAg was not significant.
4. The positive rate of anti-HBs was related with advancing duration of working(P<0.05).

Studies on the risk factors and health promotion behavior between diseased people and healthy people resulted from health examination for diseases of adult people were carried out at Sungnam Hospital from March 1 to August 31, 1990.
There were 170 for diseased group and 573 for healthy group in 743 cases. Each 30 people were sampled in the two groups. The results were as follows:
1. The 5 most common diseases and its prevalence in 743 cases were liver dysfunction(6.1%), hyperlipidemia(5.2%), hypertension(4.4%), obesity(3.0%), and gallstone and intrahepatic stones(2.2%).
2. The 5 most common diseases and its prevalence in 30 diseased group were liver dysfunction (35%), hyperlipidemia (15%), hypertension(12.5%), diabetes mellitus(10%), ischemic heart disease(10%).
3. There was no statistically significant difference between diseased and healthy group on age, academic background, and economic state.
4. In health promotion behaivor, for example exercise, prescription of herbmedicine, vitamins, health promoting foods, health examination and diet. there was no statistically significant difference.
5. In alcohol drinking, over two times per week alcohol drinking (p<0.05) was statistically significant.
6. In smoking, over 1 pack per day and more than 15 years smoking (p<0.05) were statistically significant.

A clinical study was performed on 67 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients who were treated as intractable patients at Inchon Red Cross Tuberculosis Sanatorium in past 18 months, from July 1987 through December 1988.
1. Intractable patients occupied 27.3% of total inpatients.
2. The ratio of male to female was 56.7% vs 43.3% and 51% of patients were the group between second and third decades.
3. Patients who have disease period over 3 years was 77.6% of patients have the disease for have than 3 years.
4. 64.2% was administrated the anti-tuberculosis drugs from 6 months to 2 years.
6. Kinds of drugs which were used before admission were reviewed as follows : INH 100%, EMB 82%, RFP 82%, SM 39.7%, PAS 42.6%, PZA 39.3%, KM 29.9%, PTA 26.4%, CS 19.7%.
7. Drug resistance rate were 86.2% to INH, 75.9% to RFP, 55.1% to EMB, 46.5% to SM, 31.0% to PAS, 27.6% to KM, 39.6% to PTA 24.1% to CS.
8. Resistance rate to more the 5 drugs 33.7% of patients showed resistance to more than 5 drugs.
9. Bacteriologic examination of sputum presented improvement in 54.7%(35/67), 72% of these patients changed into negative conversion from 2 months to 6 months after chemotherapy.
10. Chest X-ray on admission showed minimal pulmonary tuberculosis(Tb) or degree in 4.5%, moderate pulmonary Tb in 22.4%, far advanced pulmonary Tb in 73.1%.
11. Chest X-ray changes after chemotherapy showed mild improvement in 35.8%, moderate improvement in 19.4%, no change in 35.8%, aggravation in 7.5%.
Intractable tuberculosis due to initial resistant infection and acquired resistance was major source of disease transmission and increasing resistance of recent short-course drugs of chemotherapy were problem of tuberculosis management. In primary care family physician, proper and active management was necessary for improvement of intractable tuberculosis control in our country, in the medical, social and personal aspects in initial treatment.

It has been known that many medically ill patients have psychological problems, such as depression or anxiety. Many have attempted to define these problems objectively and several self-rating devices for depression or anxiety have been developed. In order to measure depth and prevalence of depression that is often unrecognized by physicians and to analyze each type of depression, this study was performed in family medicine department of an university hospital from January 1990 to May 1990.
Two hundred completed a questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI). Charts reviews were then conducted and following results were obtained.
1. The mean BDI score of the patients was 17.7.
2. More higher BDI scores of the patients according to each type of general consensus have reported by females, lower educational groups and lower social classes.
3. Categorized as depression were 59 outpatients when the tentative cut off score was 21.
4. The BDI score of primary depression group was higher than secondary depression group.
This study not only shows the importance of somatization in the depression, but also suggests the benefits of a screening questionnaire and a diagnostic tool.

Sixteen cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervix associated with pregnancy that were treated at the Inchon Gil General Hospital from January 1978 through October 1989 were reviewed. Two of the sixteen cases treated by radical abdominal hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection, fourteen of the sixteen cases treated by radiation therapy.
Age distribution of cervical cancer during pregnancy from 27 to 46 years and the average age was 36.5 years. Presenting symptoms in order of frequency were vaginal spotting(8 cases), contact bleeding(3 cases), low abdominal pain(2 cases), leukorrhea(1 cases), and two were asymptomatic. Accordig to distribution at the time of diagnosis, 8 cases were at the first trimester, 5 cases were at the second trimester, and 3 cases were diagnosed at the third trimester. According to the chinical stage, 9 cases were in stage Ⅱb, 6 cases were in stage Ⅲb, and one case was encountered in stage Ⅵ. Overall five year survival rate of sixteen patients were 46.7%.

The clinical observation on 136 patients of bronchial asthma were seen at Dong San Medical Center from January 1988 to December1988.
The results were following :
1) Age distribution at the time of visiting Clinic ranged between 1 year and 15 years. Most patients(73.5%) were below 6 years of age. Sex ratio was 3:1 with male predominance.
2) Most patient(69.9%) were below 3 year of age at age of onset.
3) In 11.8% of cases there noted positive allergic history & allergic family history in 32.4%.
4) Eosinophilia was noted in 39.7%.
5) Total IgE level measured by EIA after 5-12 days of onset showed the most increased level of all days.