This study was attempted to analyze and evaluate the relationships among life events, family function and depression. The data were collected from 181 subjects of the age 20 and the above at the three Hospitals in Seoul from June to July, in 1990.
The results of this study were as follows:
1. The total number of patients were 181. Among them the age in the most proportion was the forties (33.1%), their average age was 39.3, and the female members (62.4%) were more than the males.
2. The family patterns of patients in family practice clinics were balanced family (28.7%), intermediate family (50.8%), and extreme family (20.5%).
3. The order of depression score according to family cohesion scale was as follows : family cohesion scale : disengaged (49.19), connected (44.11), separated (44.00), enmeshed (38.27).
4. Depression has statistically significant positive correlation(p<0.05) with negative life change and negative correlation with the degree of cohesion scale (p<0.05).
5. In all cases, family pattern has no main effect on depression for our life events and interaction effect of family pattern and life events into depression does not the more the negative life events were, the higher the depression score was (p<0.05).
6. Statistically significant factor influencing depression is marital life(by stepwise multiple regression).

An analysis of referral contents made by family physician was undertaken in Asan Medical Center from Jan to June 1990. All referral letters and charts were reviewed.
1. There were 14,020 patient visits in 6 months, from which 1,424 referrals were made.
So the overall rate of referral was 10.2%.
2. Internal medicine was the most frequently consulted followed by obstetrics and gynecology, orthopaedics, general surgery, neurology, pediatrics.
3. The most frequently consulted problems were hemorrhoids, headache, gall stone, hypertension, disordered stomach function, cough in order of frequency.
4. Relative frequency of referral made by doctors' need was 77.3% and by patients' need was 22.7% of all referrals.
5. Most frequently referred problem by doctors was the need for more sophisticated diagnosis and therapy (50.2%), and most frequent referral request by the patients were for consultation request(16.1%).
6. The overall rate of re-referral to other specialties was 1.5% of all referrals.

Low back pain is generally defined as a symptom complex rather than a specific desease entity, especially when musculoskeletal lesions of the low back, neurogenic, vasculogenic and discogenic lesions are present. Sixty to eighty of all human being have experienced low back pain once or more times during in their lifetime.
Today, low back pain plays an important part for the loss of working capability from social, industrial field and individual daily life.
For the purposes of evaluation and proper treatment for low back pain, our department has conducted clinical analysis per 408 outpatients from August 1989 to January 1990.
The results summarized as follows;
1. Among patients with lumbago 231 cases(56.6%) were male and 177 cases(43.4%) were female.
2. Age distribution of the cases was high in 20-39 years old group.
3. The lumbar sprain was 206 cases(50.5%) of the patients suffering from lumbago and it was the most common causative origin.
4. According to clinical manifestation in patients with tenderness of low back 235 cases (57.6%), limitation of motion of lumbar spine 155 cases(38.0%), paravertebral muscle spasm 141 cases(34.6%) and positive findings of straight leg raising test 121 cases(30.1%).
5. Main X-ray findings of patients revealed decrease of the lumbar lordotic curve 143 cases(35.0%), narrowing of the intervertebral disc space 129 cases(29.9%) and no specific findings 61 cases(14.9%).
6. The frequency of spinal anomaly among the patients with lumbago revealed spina bifida 9 cases(2.2%), sacralization 5 cases(1.2%) and lumbarization 7 cases(1.7%).
7. In the treatment of low back pain 359 cases(88%) of the patients underwent conservative treatments.

Acute pyelonephritis is one of the most common medical complications in pregnancy and is encountered in as many as 1-2% of all gestations.
This study was performed to evaluate the clinical importance of acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy such as incidence, chinical symptoms and signs, urine culture and sensitivities, treatment, and recurrence. Ninety five cases of acute pyelonephritis admitted to the obstetric department of DongIncheon Gil's Hospital during 5 years from January 1984 to December 1988 were selected for this study.

The results of this study were as follows;
1. The incidence of acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy was 1.31%, Analysis of cases by trimester showed higher prevalence in the third trimester.(47.4%)
2. The most common symptom was lower urinary tract symptom (71.6%), and the next were chills (60%), backache(45.2%), nausea & vomiting(10.5%) in order, all cases with few execeptions had fever and in 54.7%, it was 38.3C˚ or more. 88.4% of cases women had tenderness at the costovertebral angle and this tenderness was predominant in the right side in 54.7%.
3. In 81.0% of cases, bacteria were isolated from the urine. The most common microorganism isolated was E. coli(68.8%) and the next was Enterobacter(7.4%). E. coli was highly sensitive to Amikacin(84.9%), Cefazolin(79.2%), Gentamicin(62.3%) and Ampicillin(58.5%).
4. We treated most of the cases of antepartum acute pyelonephritis with ampicillin and these cases discharged from the hospital after average 5. 7 days duration. The other cases were treated solely with Cefazolin or Ampicillin plus Gentamicin, or Ampicllin plus Kanamycin.
5. 72.6% of the patients were completely afebrile in 2 days after the onset of therapy, 24.2% were afebrile within 3 days or 4 days.
6. 23 cases(24.2%) developed recurrent acute pyelonephritis.

The objective of this study is to observe the place of death according to characteristics of patients.
In a sample of dying patients with cancer, place of death according to age, marriage, religion, duration of education, social class by occupation, cancer site, length of time between diagnosis and death and method of trearment was investigated.
The outcomes were as follows.
1. The sex is significantly related to place of death ; male patients with cancer are more likely to die at home. (male 73.2%, female 26.8% death at home, P<.001)
2. The social class by occupation is significantly related to place of death: patients with cancer resided in higher social class are more likely to die at home and who resided in lower social class are more likely to die at hospital(P<.001).

This study was planned to evaluate the actual circumstances of induced abortion in urban and rural area, and figure out the way how to reduce the frequency of induced abortion that causes many complication and danger if there is any.
Questionnaire survey was done for five months from January to May 1990. The objective of study was married women who visit to Family Medicine, Guro Hospital, and Yoju Hospital, the Korea University. Total repondents was 100 persons : 53 were living in rural area and 47 persons were living in urban area. SAS program was used for analysis of this study and the result was following;
1. Sixty-six women experienced induced abortion, 38(57.6%) of them were living in urban and 28(42.4%) in rural area.
2. Mean frequency of induced abortion was 1.57(2.19 in urban, 1.02 in rural) and significantly higher in urban are than in rural area(P<0.01).
3. The reason for induced abortion : Because they did not want any more children 27(44.3%), was the most common cause, control the interval between siblings 11(18.0%), was the next and conception before marriage lock 10(16.4%), economic reason 7(11.5%), health problem 5(8.2%) in urban and so on. The other hand, did not want any more children 22(52.3%), health problem 9(21.4%), control the interval between sibling 7(16.7%), economic reason 3(7.2%), afraid of female baby 1(2.4%) in rural in order were the reason of induced abortion.
The most common reason of induced abortion was they who experienced induced abortion did not want any more children.
4. Among 105 induced abortions, contraceptions were not performed in 76 cases(72.4%), contraceptions were perfomed in 29 cases(27.6%).
5. There was no difference in the number of children, method of contraception, school education level between women living in urban area and in rural area.
6. All ten respondents who had induced abortion due to pregnancy before marriage were living urban area.
7. The method of induced abortion were dilatation and curettage in 102 cases(98.0%) and 3 cases(2%) were with certain herb medication, drug injection, pitocin induction at 3rd trimester, and so on.
8. Dilatation and curettage were done most in 1st trimester, but 17 cases(7.6%) were done in 2nd trimester.
9. The sources of education for contraception were personel of health center in 30 cases(42.3%), neighborhoods and lay person in 17cases(23.9%), books 11cases(15.5%), physician in 10 cases(14.1%) and the others in 3 cases(4.2%).
10. The methods of contraception were tubal ligation in 28 cases(41.8%), condom in 12 cases(17.9%), loop 1 case(14.0%), vasectomy 7 cases(10.4%), rhythm method 4 cases(6.0%), orall pill 3 cases(4.5%), and the others 3 cases(4.5%).

The tuberculosis involvement of alimentary tract was remarkably low in morbidity, pulmonary tuberculosis with the use of antituberculosis agents since 1950. But prevalence of tuberculosis is high in Korea and the dignosis of alimentary tract tuberculosis is difficult.
These 22 cases of intestinal tuberculosis, selected according to the Bockus diagnostic criteria, was managed in Buchun Daesung Hospital during the past 6 years from 1984 to May 1989.
The results are as follows :
1. The sex ratio is 1:1.4 in favor of female. The average age of all patients is 31 years with its range from 3 to 68 and intestinal tuberculosis is most frequent in 20-39 age group.
2. Clinical symptom onset before admission was common below the 1st year(92%) and most common in 2 to 4th weeks (37%).
3. The frequent symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss.
4. The common physical signs are tenderness, palpable abdominal mass, distention and weight loss.
5. The dignosis was made by history, clinical manifestation, physical examination, radiological examination. and laboratory data. Most of them were confirmed by pathlogical examination, after surgery.
6. The involvement of alimentary tract is multiple or diffuse in 85% and most frequently in ileocecal region.
7. The common complications are intestinal obstruction, intestinal perforation and fistula.
8. The case fatality was 9 percent. There was 2 cases of mortality which was sepsis and severe obstruction.
9. Post-operative diagnosis of the patient with presumptive diagnosis of intestinal Tbc was unknown intestinal obstruction, colon cancer, intestinal Tbc, peptic ulcer perforation, periappendiceal abscess. The rate of misdiagnosis was 65 percent.