143 elderly who are staying in nursing home in Gyounggi-do are studied in terms of nutrional evaluation.
1. The proportion of smaller diet is higher in the age of 85 and more than any other age group.
2. The values of measurement of obesity index, BMI, and thickness of mid upperarm are significantly higher in female(P<0.50)
3. The prevalences of anemia according to hemoglobin level are 33.3% in men and 20.9% in female. However hemoglobin level less than 10.0g/dl are observed only in female.
4. Hypocalcemia are identified among 37.3% in male and 50% in female.
5. The levels of phosphorus are not significantly different in terms of age and sex.
6. hypoalbuminemia are identified among 17.6% in men and 27.2% in female.
This difference is statistically significant(P<0.05) and the level of albumin is inversely correlated with age.
7. means of cholesterol level are 184.7 mg/dl in female and 152.1mg/dl in men. The higher level in female may be related with the higher obesity rate.

Intussusception is the condition of one part of intestinal loop into the contiguous distal segment, which is the most important one of frequent and emergency surgical conditions in infancy and childhood.
The clinical study of 201 cases of intusussception, who were admitted to the department of Pediatrics and Surgery in the St. Vincent Hospital from January, 1986 to June, 1989 was carried out.

The following results were obtained.
1. Male were affected more often than female, the ratio was 2.3:1.
2. In age incidence 83.1% of the patients were under one year of age, and 96.1% of the patients were under two years of age.
3. In birth order the first order was more frequent than others.
4. The incidence(62.2%) in spring and summer were higher than that in other seasons.
5. Etiologic cause were found only in 11.9% of the cases, and rest of them(88.1%) were not determined.
6. The cardinal symptoms and signs were periodic irritability(86%), vomiting(79.6%), current jelly stool(77.1%), and palpable abdominal mass(61.2%).
7. The patients who visited hospital within 24hrs after onset of symptoms was occupied 77.6%.
8. The previous history of associated disease was found in 40.3% of cases.
9. About peripheral blood leukocyte count on admission, 66.7% of the cases showed leukocytosis(WBC count>10000/mm³)
10. The X-ray findings of simple abdomen showed the absence of colon gas with gaseous dis tension of bowel(77.6%), and air-fluid levels(17.4%).
11. Anatomic types of intussusception demonstrated by operation and Reoentgenographic ally were ileocolic(44.3%), ileocecal(33.8%), ileoileocolic(75) in order of frequency.
12. The success rate managed by barium reduction before operation was 72% of the cases.
13. Complications of surgical management were in 11.9%, recurrent rate was 11.4% and death rate 0%.

This is a study on the types of family systems through questionnaire about the FACES Ⅲ, in 53 patients with somatization disorder and in 53 patient with medical and surgical service for the control at the Seoul & Sechun Hospital from March to July 31, 1990.

The results were as follows:
1. In the levels related to cohesion and adaptability, those of the control families were adequate(seperated & connected, flexible & structured) but those of somatization families were enmeshed or disengaged cohesion type.
2. Types of family systems for the control group showed that balanced types were statistically more significant than extreme types, but vice versa for the somatization group.

Urinary tract infections consist of 40% of hospital infections and appearance of resistant bacteriae are increasing more and more nowadays due to antimicrobial agents abuse. Authors observed underlying diseases of suspicious urinary tract infections and hope that this study may help the choice of antibiotics and proper treatment of urinary tract infection. The 317 cases of inpatients and the 95 cases of outpatients with urinary tract infections were evaluated for causative organisms and antibiotic susceptibility during 1 year from July 1989 to June 1990.

The following results were obtained
1. There were 134 male patients and 278 female patients among total 412 patients were observed. The ratio of male patients to female patients was 1:2.1.
2. The underlying conditions of outpatients were found in 54 cases. The most common disease were urolithiasis(18.5%) and BPH(16.7%), diabetes mellitus(14.7%), cervix cancer(7.4%), indwelling catheter(7.4%), vesicoureteral reflux(5.6%), prostatic cancer(5.6%) ureteral stricture(3.6%), bladder diverticulum(3.6%) were followed.
3. The most common pathogens were E. coli(40.9%) and Staphylococcus(9.7%), Enterococcus(9.6%), Pseudomonas(8.4), Klebsiella(6.2%) according to the order.
Serratia and Enterococcal infections of inpatients were significantly more common than that of outpatients.
4. Mixed urinary tract infections were observed in 18.6% of inpatients and in 10.5% of outpatients. The most common causative organisms was E.coli(inpatient;14.8%, outpatient;21.7%).
5. E.Coli from outpatients and inpatients was sentive to cefotaxime and ofloxacin.
Pseudomonas was resistant to most of antibiotics except ofloxacin.
6. The susceptibility of Staphylococcus was low to penicillin and high to ofloxacin.
The susceptibility to ampicillin of Enterococcus was 80.0% in outpatients and 84.6% in inpatients.

Family physicians must understand well about the common anorectal diseases. And can do definitive care by doing not only diagnosis and conservative care but also anesthesia and operation.
We concluded as follows by clinical study of the 233 patients who had been admitted to the Dept. of general surgery Gang soo hospital for surgical treatment of hemorrhoid. anorectal abscess. anal fistula or anal fissure from January 1989 to June 1990.
1. The frequency of the diseases was as follows : hemorrhoid (140 cases. 55.8%), anorectal abscess (43 cases, 18.4%), anal fistula (40 cases, 17.2%) and anal fissure (20 cases, 8.6%) in the decreasing order.
2. The age distribution indicated a predominant incidenhce in 3rd to 5th decade (20-49 years : 85.0%) and male to female ratio was 2.6:1
3. The main clinical symptoms of hemorrhoid were protruding mass (97.7%), pain (74.9%) and bleeding (58.5%). The pain (100%) was chief complaint of the anorectal abscess. The discharge (100%) in the anal fistula and the pain (100%) with bleeding (95.0%) in the anal fissure were chief complaints respectively.
4. The duration of hospitalization was 6 to 10 days in 129 cases (54.4%)
5. The most frequent clinical type was external hemorrhoid (47.7%) in the hemorrhoid, perianal type (58.1%) in the anorectal abscess, and intersphincteric type (82.5%) in the anal fistula respectively.
6. Examining the anatomical location, the most frequent direction of the hemorrhoid was 7 o'clock (63.1%) and followed by 4 o'clock (55.4%) and 11 o'clock (51.5%). The majority of anorectal abscess was situated posterior part (55.8%) and the majority of external opening or internal opening in anal fistula was also situated posterior part (44.9%, 53.8%). The most frequent direction of the anal fissure was 6 o'clock(70.0%).
7. The caudal block was chosen preferentially in the operation and other techniques were used in case of anesthesia failure or unavoidable occasion. The 132 cases (85.2%) were anesthetized by caudal block, and the 17 cases (11.0%) were anesthetized by spinal anesthesia. Among the 17 cases of spinal anesthesia, the 11 cases were anesthetized by spinal anesthesia due to failure of caudal block. So, the successful rate of caudal block was 92.3%.
In conclusion, the clinical manifestations of the anorectal diseases revealed no significant differences compare with other studies, but we came to have knowledge that the caudal block was one of the safe, simple and successful anesthetic techniques. We recommend that the family physicians actually take part in the definitve care of anorectal diseases.

The methodological and statistical validity of 382 original articles published in the Journal of the Korean Medical Association, from January 1980 to December 1989 was reviewed by the author devised checklist consisting of 21 items(14 items for methodological validity and 7 items for statistical validity). Results show that 379 articles(99.2%) have one or more invalid items for methodology, and of 297 articles using statistical analyses a total of 290 articles (97.6%) were found to contain at least on error in statistical methods used. The mean and standard deviation of 'validity score of one article', defined as the total number of valid items divided by the total number of applicable items and then multiplied by 100, were 43,8 and 15.2, respectively. The distribution of validity score was as follows; over 60(57 articles, 14.9%), 30 to 59(266 articles, 69.6%), and under 30(59 articles, 15.5%). The proportion of articles, of which validity score was over 60, was significantly higher in descriptive study(19.4%) than in analytic study(8.4%, p=0.003). Also the articles of over-60 in validity sectional study(16.8%) than in logitudinal study(10.6%), but this finding was not statistically significant. The average validity score of two year period was highest in 1984-1985(50.24), and lowest in 1986-1987(38.85). There was no signicant time trend of the averaged validity score over 10 years.(0.1These results suggest that medical articles published in Korea, 1980-1989, were short of their expected quality, and there have been no evidence of improvement with time. It is concluded that a basic training in biostatistical methods in the medical postgraduates and residencies, more consultation of medical investigators with statistician or other experts, and careful review by someone knowledgeable in biostatistics or research design before accepting a manucript are needed. In addition, refutation should be allowed for the controversial point through the journal.