To assess the injection preference of patients and its related factors, 332 patients who visited Yeoncheon Health Center Hospital during the preiod of 16th June through 30th June 1990 were studied by means of questionnaire and review of medical records.
The results were as follows.
1. Of total 332 patients, the proportion of injection preference group was 226(68.1%).
2. The proportion of injection preference group according to disease group was 26(86.7%) in sensorineuro-psychiatric diseases, 49(81.7%) in musculoskeletal diseases, 46(69.7%) in gastrointestinal diseases, 52(65.0%) in respiratory diseases, and 8(47.1%) in cardiovascular diseases.
3. There was a tendency that injection preference was higher in patients who were older, who were low-educated and who had no history of side effect of injection. Age, education level and history of side effect of injection were significantly related to injection preference.(P<0.01)
4. The beliefs that 'Injection makes faster recovery from illness than p.o. medications.','Illness that was not recovered by p.o. medications had better be treated with injection.' and 'Side effect of injection is more dangerous than that of p.o. medications.' were significantly related to injection preference.(P<0.01)
In conclusion, in order to induce the injection preference to favorable direction, health education is necessary to change the patients' beliefs about injection and this effort is more important in patients who are older, who are low-educated, and who have no histroy of side effect of injection.

An every 8 to 12 hrs shift work is widely accepted in our society because of its economic efficacy which influences many aspects of physical, social, and psychological health. It is well know that the shift work affects physical disorders, such as peptic ulcer, rheumatoid arthritis, functional gastrointestinal disorders, awakeness and sleep disturbances, irregular menstruation, eating problems, and ischemic heart diseases etc. But there is not many investigations about psychological effects of shift work. In order to evaluate psychological effects of shiftwork, authors have surveyed day and shift workers. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revision-Somatization, Obsessive-compulsive, Interpersonal sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety, Hostility, Phobic anxiety, Paranoid ideation, Psychotism-was applied to 271 nurses, including 185 shift and 86 day workers, in a university, hospital, form July 30, 1990 to August 4, 1990.
The results were as follows.
1. The scores in Obsessive-compulsive, Interpersonal sensitivity, Depression, and Paranoid ideation of shift workers worked more than 4 times of night work during the last week were higher than those of day workers, significantly(p<0.05).
2. In the shift workers, the scores in Obsessive-compulsive, Interpersonal sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety, Paranoid ideation and Psychoticism of shift workers worked more than 4 times of night work during the last week, Obsessive-compulsive, Hostility and Paranoid ideation of shift workers worked 3 times of night work, Hostility of shift workers 2 times of night work, were significantly higher than those of non-night workers(p<0.05).
3. Although correlation coefficients were low between the frequency of night work and symptoms dimension in the shift workers, Obsessive-compulsive, Depression, Hostility and Paranoid ideation were correlated significantly to frequency of night work(p<0.05).
4. Results of 9 symptoms between shift workers and day workers were not different(p<0.05).
5. Three global indicies-Global Severity Index, Positive Symptom Total, Positive Symptom Distress Index-between shift and day workers were not different, too(p<0.05).
6. Several symptom dimensions were different according to marital and religious status in this study. Scores in Obsessive-compulsive, Depression, Hostility and Positive Symptom Total of unmarried group showed higher scores than those of married group, and obsessive-compulsive, Depression and Hostility of infidel group higher than those of having religion group. But the status of marriage and religion were not different in the compared groups-day workers and shift workers worked more than 4 times of night work during the last week, non-night workers and night workers worked 2,3 or 4 times of night work during the last week, respectively-in this study(p<0.05).
7. Scores of all symptom dimensions were not affected by such as age, duration of employment, mean work time per day, position-head nurse and nurse, work place, education and daily travel time to work. And scores of all symptom dimensions also were not affected by work types when questionnaire survey was recorded at that times-day work of day workers, day, evening and night work of shift workers(p<0.05).

From the above results, shift work, especially night work affects the developments of psychological symptoms.

A clinical analysis was made by 83 cases of snake bitten patients who received the emergent treatment at the Yong In Severance Hospital from Jan. 1988. to Dec. 1989. The results were as follows;
1. Sex ratio was 1.9:1 and the age distribution was the most prevalent in the 7th decade.
2. The seasonal distribution was frequent in July(30.2%), and the most common bitten site of the body was the finger(42.2%).
3. The one fang mark was observed in 39 cases(47.0%).
4. In 40 cases(48.2%), it took within one hour for the first aid treatment, and in 77 cases (92.8%) of studied patients were arrived at emergency room within 24 hours.
5. The tourniquet was applied in 21 cases(25.3%).
6. The most frequent general symptom or sign was dizziness(38.6%), followed by visual disturbance(15.7%), fever(10.8%), nausea or vomiting(10.8%), and dyspnea(10.8%), and the most frequent local symptom of sign was pain(95.2%), followed by swelling(85.5%), skin color change(8.4%) and bleeding from wound site(2.4%).
7. In laboratory findings, coagulation time was prolonged in 13 cases(86.7%) of 15 cases who were performed this test, and elevated SGOT was seen in 24 cases(55.8%) of 43 cases.
8. The treatment was consisted of the medical and the surgical treatment. In medical treatment, 66 cases(79.5%) were received the tetanus antitoxin and 79 cases(95.2%) received antivenin. In surgical treatment, 73 cases(87.9%) received skin incision and irrigation, 7 cases(8.4%) received skin incision and suction.
9. There were 18(21.7%) complicated cases, the phlegmon was 10 cases(12.0%) followed by lymphadenitis in 5 cases(6.0%), arthritis, abscess and gastroenteritis in 1 case(1.2%).

To know the reason for visit to university practice family medicine outpatient department. A queationnaire survey conducted to the 343 patients on the first visit to Family Practice.
The results of this survey were as follows
1. Among 343, male was 37.6% and female was 62.4% respectively.
2. Distribution of residency were as follows ; Song-Pa Gu was 30.7%, Kang-Dong Gu was 29.4%, Sung out Dong was 10.8% respectively.
3. The most common reason for visit to clinic is for getting referral paper for insurance coverage(30.9%).
4. The cashier of first visit window guided the patient to Family Medicine Outpatient Department in 46.6% of all first visits.
5. It was local clinic that the patients most commomly visited before revisited to this hospital.
6. The reason for revisiting to this hospital was unsatifactoriness of other clinic.
7. The patient who favor of health care delivery system was 57.4% of the stuby subjects.

It is well known that depression is closely associatied with family function.
Family APGAR Score devised by Smilkstein and FACES Ⅲ by Olson are being used as tools of evaluating family function. So, the writers of this paper selected 30 patients of depression who were admitted to or discharged from the neuropsychiatric department of P.M.C as a patient-group. We also selected 30 patients without alcoholism or abuse of drug or serious physical and mental handicap among the patients who had visited Family Medicine Department of P.M.C as a control-group. So, the writers of this paper had researched the family function and tried to get beneficial materials for the understanding of the depressed patients and for the better management of them.
A sociodemographic sheet, Family APGAR Score and FACES Ⅲ were used for this purpose. And the results were as follows:
1. Out of 30 people in the patient group there were 22 women (73.3%) and 8 men (26.7%). Out of 30 people in the control group, there were also so many women and men. The average age of them was 39.3±9.3.
2. In family APGAR Score of the patient group, the average score was 5.0±2.3 and in that of the control group, it was 8.2, 9 people(30%) of "Dysfunctional Family"(point 0 to 3) and 9 people(30%) of "Healthy Functional Family" , 4 people(13.3%) of "Low Functional Family" and 1 person(3.3%) of "Dysfunctional Family"
3. In FACES Ⅲ cohesion of the patient group there were 20 people(66.7%) in Disengaged" and 6 people(20.0%) in "Separated" and 3 people(10.0%) in "connected" and 1 people "Disengaged" and "separated" each and 6 people(20%) in "Connected".
4. In FACES Ⅲ adaptability of the patient group, there were 9 people(30%) in "Chaotic" and 8 people(26.7%) in "Rigid" and 7 people in "Structured" and 6 people(20.0%) in "Flexible". In that of the contrast group, 13 people(43.3%) in "Structured" and 9 people(30.0%) in "Flexible" 5 people(16.7%) in "Chaotic 2 and 3 people(10%) in "Rigid".
5. In FACES Ⅲ family types of the patient group, there were 14 people(46.7%) "Extreme" and 12 people(40.0%) of "Mid-Range" and 4 people(13.3%) of "Balanced" type. In those of the contrast group, there were 14 people(46.7%) of "Balanced" and 13 people(43.3%) of "Mid-Range" and 4 people (13.3%) of "Extreme" type.
According to the above results, Family APGAR Score and FACES Ⅲ are thought to be useful instruments to understand and to decide how to manage the depressed patients.

The results of 2674 case with periodic health examination which were performed at hospitals located in were reviewed.
1. 544 cases(20.3%) were abnormal in the primary check-up, including hypercholesterolemia(24.4%), positive HBsAg(22.4%), high BP(17.3%), hyperglycemia(10.1%), elevated SGOT/SGPT(10.0%), abnormal finding of the chest x-ray(5.1%), low blood Hb(5.0%), positive VDRL test(2.0%), abnormal urine analysis(1.3%), hemorrhoid, skin lesion, lymphadenopathy, conjunctivitis.
2. Secondary check-up were applied to these 544 cases with the results of the followings ; Hepatitis B virus-related liver disease(34.2%), hypertriglyceridemia(22.7%), other liver disease(10.3%), diabetes mellitus(9.5%), hypertension(7.6%), anemia(7.65), serology-positive syphilis(3.1%), renal disease(0.85), pulmonary disease(0.65).
3. 37 cases among 54 cases with elevated SGOT/SGPT have abnormal LFT. (68.5%)
4. 34 cases among 55 cases with hyperglycemia are proven to have DM.(61.8%)
5. 81 cases among 133 cases with hypercholesterolemia are proven to have hypertriglyceridemia or abnormal HDL-cholesterol(60.9%)
6. 27 cases among 94 cases with high BP have abnormal EKG(28.7%)
7. 28 cases among 122 HBs Ag(+) cases have abnormal LFT.(23.0%)

In order to improve and to have more effective and comprehensive health examintion, 4,162 patients who visited the health examination center at the Pohang Sunlin Hospital during the period of August 16, 1986 to March 30, 1990, are selected and analyzed.
The results were as follows.
1. The total number of patients was 4,162, of which 2,587(62%) were male and 1,575(38%) female. Among the age distribution of patients, the largest was 40-49 on male group and 30-39 on female.
2. Most common subjective symptoms were GI trouble(24.5%), backache and arthralgia(11.2%), and fatigue or general symptoms(9.1%) etc.
3. The prevalence of diagnosis by organ systems was highest in liver disease for males and gastrointestinal disease for females.
4. The number of respondents to the questionnaire was 484, 57% of the respondents were dissatisfied and 43% were satisfied.
The most common reason for dissatisfaction was the physician's insufficient explanation or not enough counseling about health care.
5. Discussion with the doctor included information about chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertention, coronary heart disease so on(28%), periodic health care(16%), family problems(14%), exercise(12%), and abstention from smoking & drinking(12%) etc.
We conclude that general health examination should be focused more carefully on the patients' history and physical examination and patiens were encouraged to get further periodic health care.

During the period from March to July, 1990, 2,587 cases of insured adults were observed for the periodic health examination (PHE) at the Seoul Christian Hospital.
The results were as follows:
1. Among the total 2,587 cases, Male was 1,915(74.0%) and female was 672(26.0%)
2. As the destribution of their age, there were 395(13.8%) in the 2nd decade, 956(37.0%) in the 3rd decade, 749(29.0%) in the 4th decade, 489(18.9%) in the 6th decade.
3. As the distribution of their occupation, there were 1,446(55.1%) in the official, 944(34.5%) in the teacher and 197(7.6%) in the employee.
4. As the result of the primary check-up there were suspicious diseases in 479(18.5%) and cases that had more than two kinds of diseases in 70(2.7%) of them.
5. As the result of the secondary check-up, there were diseases in 240 cases(9.3%) and cases that had more than two kinds of diseases in 240 cases(9.3%) and cases that had more than two kinds of diseases in 22 cases of them.