Background
: Patients with multiple gastrointestinal symptoms are frequently encountered in family practice, and they are categorized ultimately as a functional bowel disease (non-ulcer dyspepsia or irritable bowel syndrome) and an organic bowel disease. This study compared the anxious and depressive trends among three groups of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms mentioned above and healthy control group.

Methods : The patient groups with gastrointestinal complaints were comprised of 239 outpatients (male : 104, female : 135) who visited the department of family medicine or internal medicine, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Medical College from February to May, 1992. The healthy control group was 144 subjects (male : 101, female : 43) who visited the Preventive Medicine Clinic for routine health check. Patients groups were divided by independent clinical evaluation into non-ulcer dyspepsia group, irritable bowel syndrome group and organic bowel disease group. For the assessment of anxiety and depression we used Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS) devised by Zung.

Results : The mean anxiety scores counted by SAS of non-ulcer dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, organic bowel syndrome and control were 41.9±11.5, 38.8±8.3, 40.1±10.1, 33.8±8.3, respectively. All three groups with gastrointestinal complaints showed significantly higher anxious trends than the control group(P<0.05). In males there was no significant difference between each of the symptom groups and the control group, but in females the two symptom groups except the irritable bowel syndrome showed significantly higher anxious trends than the control group(P<0.05).
The mean depression scores by SDS of non-ulcer dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, organic bowel syndrome and control were 46.4±11.2, 41.6±10.9, 44.9±10.5, 40.1±10.1, respectively. The two symptom groups showed significantly higher depressive trends than the control group(P<0.05). In males there was no significant difference between each of the symptom groups and the control group group, but in female the two symptom groups except the irritable bowel syndrome group showed significantly higher depressive trends than the control group(P<0.05).

Conclusion : There was significant difference in anxiety and depression score between bowel disease and health, especially in female patients. This study suggested that anxiety and depression should be considered as important risk factors of bowel disease.

Background
: The prevalence of major depression in adolescence has not been investigated yet, in Korea. Society, school, and family should help many students who have depression. The family physician, as a primary care physician, must care them appropriately. So, I'd like to give the basic information and the life-time prevalence of the major depression.

Methods : I choose three high schools(one male, two female) and check 1,229 senior students by group counseling using items of major depression in NIHM-DIS. The diagnosis was made when more than five in nine items were positive. The mild symptoms and secondary symptoms due to illness, drug, and death of relatives ruled out by using flow sheet of questions.

Results : There are 113 students(9.2%) who had major depression. There were close associations between the prevalence of depression and family APGAR score, past history of severe illness, trauma(p<0.001), and academic performance(p<0.05). But no statistical association was not found between the prevalence of depression and age, sex, number of siblings, family history of chronic illness, death of parents, economic status, drinking, and smoking. The most frequent symptoms were diminished concentration(27.3%) and ideation of death or suicide(26.2%) in all students, but in group of students with depression the most frequent symptoms were depressed mood(92.0%) followed by diminished concentration(85.5%) and ideation of death or suicide(85.0%).

Conclusion : The life-time prevalence of depression is 9.2% in senior academic high school students in Seoul. ?There were close associations between the prevalence of depression and family APGAR score, past history of severe illness or trauma, or academic performance. Unfortunately, none of them have gone to hospital for the symptoms of depression. So, the family physician, as a primary care physician, must have knowledge about diagnosis and management methods of depression.

Background
: Recently, disease pattern in Korea is changing with the change of lifestyle, which results in increased mortality rates by atherosclerosis. Hyperlipidemia is the most important risk factor for atherosclerosis. Early detection and lowering of cholesterol level reduces mortality rates from atherosclerosis. Serum total cholesterol is a choice screening test for hyperlipidemia.
Our study was done to find the correlations between serum total cholesterol level and other factors expected to have influence on the serum total cholesterol level. Factors such as drinking, smoking, physical activity, diet, blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar level were chosen.

Methods : We measured height, weight, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and fasting serum total cholesterol level of 445 men who received Employee Periodic Health Examination. Data for drinking, smoking, physical activity, and diet were collected through interview by three residents of family medicine.

Results : Correlation coefficients with serum total cholesterol level was 0.213 for age, 0.266 for Body Mass Index, 0.196 for systolic blood pressure, 0.144 for diastolic blood pressure, 0.233 for fasting blood sugar.(P<0.05) Drinking, smoking, diet had low correlation with serum total cholesterol. Serum total cholesterol level was not affected by the level of exercise.(P>0.05)

Conclusion : Age, blood pressure, Body Mass Index, blood sugar level had weak correlation with cholesterol but drinking, smoking, diet, physical activity had no relationship with serum total cholesterol.

Background
: In recent years, the incidence of diseases that related to hyperlipidemia is increased among Korean because of socioeconomic state and diet change. Then, in order to determine the factors affecting serum lipid levels and the cut off value of serum lipid levels by age, we carried out this study.

Methods : Data were gathered through mail questionnaire from 147 adults over the age of thirty who participated in adult health examination from march 1992 to August 1992.
The serum lipid levels were analyzed by sex, age, BMI, income, occupation, education, smoking, drinking, diet, exercise, stress and menopause.

Results : The serum total cholesterol was increased with age in both sex and triglyceride was increased with age in women but not in me. The total cholesterol and triglyceride were more increased in those whose BMI were above 25 than those below 25. Age was more significantly associated with the serum lipid levels than BMI(P<0.01). There is no significant association between age and BMI. Total cholesterol and triglyceride were more decreased in the group of exercise above 3 times/week than below 3 times/week. The total cholesterol was more increased in the group of no-occupation than profession.
The total cholesterol and triglyceride were more increased in postmenopausal women than premenopausal women.

Conclusion : Results of this study may not sufficient to apply affecting factors of serum lipid levels and cut off value because this study group was limited and small. But to know the normal value of total cholesterol and triglyceride, several factors were considered, and further study should be performed.

Background
: Adolescence is a translating period from childhood to adulthood, various medical problems occur with biologic, psychologic, social change because of sudden growth and development. But there is less concern about adolescence than other age groups. Therefore, we made a study to know the type of disease in adolescent patients.

Methods : 11,800 patient’s medical records were selected by the rank interval of 35,215 patients who visited Dong-A University Hospital for 1 year from January to December in 1991, and the complete medical record of 930 patients of age from 10 to 20 in law were selected and analyzed.

Results : The number of patient in each stage of adolescence is as follows : early stage 201(21.6%), middle stage 241(25.9%), late stage 488(52.5%). The number of male is 554(59.6%), and female is 376(40.4%). The ratio of male to female is 1.49:1. The number of patients by department are otolaryngology 138(14.8%), internal medicine 128(13.9%), ophthalmology 116(12.5%), orthopedic surgery 113(12.2%) and dermatology 92(9.9%) in order. The seasonal frequency is 280(30.1%) and 250(26.9%) in summer and winter, respectively. The ratio of OPD to ER patient in the route of visit is 3.89:1, the proportion of ER visit in trauma is 46.8% and the proportion of acute disease is 85.8%. in classified diseases by ICD-9, the number of patient each disease group are injury and poisoning 151(16.2%), nervous system & sensory organ disorder 128(13.8%), respiratory system disorder 127(13.7%) and skin disorder 91(9.8%) in order. Frequent diseases in individual system are follows ; Open wound, disorder of accommodation, chronic sinusitis, and infectious intestinal disease.

Conclusion : The types of disease in adolescence are determined by epidemiologic factors and factors related to use of medical service.