Background
: Abdominal pain is a freqently encountered symptom not only in emergency room but also in family practice clinic in primary care. The clinical medical textbook recommended no treatment option for undiagnosed abdominal pain, but it is very common for primary care physician to prescribe anti-spasmodics for abdominal pain in practice. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of anti-spasmodic drug on abdominal pain and whether there is difference in analgesic effects by the category of diseases causing abdominal pain.

Methods : This clinical study was carried out in 70 cases suffering for abdominal pain, who visited to the general hospital located near Pusan city during the period from May 1993 through June 1993. Seventy patients were randomly divided into case and control groups, the subjects in the case group were injected with tiropramide intramuscularly and those in the control group with normal saline. The intensity of pain was scored with 10 point pain chart subjectively before, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after injection.

Results : The intensity of abdominal pain was not significantly different between two groups before injection. In the anti-spasmodic group, the intensity of abdominal pain was significantly reduced than in placebo group at 10, 20, 30min after injection(P=0.003, P<0.001, respectively). The decreasing degree of abdominal pain with time was also significantly reduced in the antispasmodic group than in placebo group(P<0.001 in all). Concerning the decreasing degree of abdominal pain, it was more marked in the antispasmodic group than in the placebo group with time in acute gastroenteritis, acute gastritis, acute colitis(P=0.034, P=0.018, P<0.001, respectively).

Conclusion : In conclusion, an antispasmodic drug tiropramide was found to be more effective than placebo in decreasing the severity of abdominal pain.

Background
: Hypertension is common chronic illness and causes serious complication so it require accurate diagnosis. Therfore this study was done to estimate predictive value that diagnosed hypertension by first checked diastolic blood pressure.

Methods : From May 1st, 1993 to July 31st 1993, for the 552 peoples not previously diagnosed to be hypertensive through workers of Kyung-buck Andong area. We checked the first blood pressure and 2nd, 3rd blood pressure after 15 days, 30 days each other. We also checked about sex, age, height, weight, alcohol drinking, smoking, family history of hypertension, diet habit, amount of stress, previous symptom. Data were analyzed by SAS/PC.

Results : In the first BP checking, the people whose diastolic BP over 90mmHg are 22.5%(124 per 552), and definite hypertension people in that group were 72.6%(90 per 124). When the first checked diastolic BP is over 90mmHg, as one grew older, diastolic BP is higher, the diagnostic predictive value of hypertension was increased. The people diagnosed hypertensive in the group that first diastolic BP is below 90mmHg were 5.4%(23 per 428). The prevalence of hypertension is 20.5%(113 per 552).

Conclusion : Therefore it requires that Family Physician must check precisely first BP and follow up regularly. Although when the first checked BP is normal, he also has to check BP 3 times at least.

Background
: Overweight and hyperlipidemia are risk factors for hypertension and cardiovacular disase. Age-related differece in the effects of overweight on cardiovascular risk factor profiles in men could have important implication for disease prevention. Consequently, we reviewed the medical records to assess the relation of age to the hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease rksk of overweight.

Methods : Data was obtained form 1726 men in Health care center in Young Dong General Hospital on epidemiologic status, smoking, alcohol and laboratory results. Younger group is 816 case and older group is 910 cases.

Results : Older(>45 years) men had higher(P<0.001) hypertension, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, LDL/HDL ratio and glucose. HDL-cholesterol level is not significantly different between the two age groups. Although older men had greater values for several risk factors, overweight(BMI<25.0kg/m²) increased risk factors much more in younger men than older men. In younger men, those with higher BMIs had a greater prevalence, respectively, hypertension(13 vs 31%, P<0.01), hypercholesterolemia(5 vs 14%, P<0.001), hypertriglyceridemia(4 vs 11%, P<0.001), hypercholesterolemia(5 vs 14%, P<0.001), high HDL-cholesterol(8 vs 20%, P<0.001), and high LDL/HDL ratio(4 vs 8%, P<0.001). In contrast, among older men, only the prevalence of hypertension is higher in overweight group. Prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol showed no difference in both age group. As the result of multiple regression of total-cholesterol on age, BMI, alcohol, smoking, and blood pressure, serum cholesterol level was influenced by age(P<0.001), BMI(P<0.001). And HDL-cholesterol was influenced negatively by BMI and smoking, but positively by alcohol(P<0.01).

Conclusion : Data indicate that older men have greater values for serum lipid profile except HDL-cholesterol. But the effect of overweight on lipid profile was greater in younger group than older group. Overweight increase the prevalence of cariovascular risk factors more in younger group. Smoking has the effect to decrease HDL-cholesterol and increase LDL/HDL ratio.

Background
: Atopic disease is well known disease entity which occurs with concurrent various illness at infancy through adulthood periods. It is related to family history and family function. In view of biopsychosocial aspects, they also have focused on its importance of environmental factors. Therefore we carried out this study for the purpose of seeking preventive measures.

Methods : From April 1 to September 30 1993, 205 mothers of atopic patients who visited a local dermatologic clinic were selected and asked questions after then they answered our questions which are composed of patient's age, sex, family history, seasonal variations, aggravating factors, mother's age, education grade, separation experience, family APGAR score, etc.

Results : There were more male than female with male(53.2%) to female(46.8%) ratio of 1.1:1. The children between 0~3 age were 32.2% and age distribution was 0~20 age. Age distribution on patient's mother was 25~51 age, the most common group was high school-educated among age 3rd decades. As a result of the survey of family history, 54.6% of all cases had family history of allergic diseases. Atopic dermatitis was most common(29.8%), the next was urticaria(9.7%) followed by allergic rhinitis(7.8%), asthma(3.9%) and food allergy(3.4%). The 37% of patient's mother had hand eczema. The aggravating factors of atopic dermatitis were elevation of interior temperature and turning point of seasons. In atopic family, dysfunctional family was 40% and the rate of separation experience in Mother-Child Relationship according to family APGAR score was 16.1%.

Conclusion : This results shows that 54.6% of atopic patients had family history of allergic diseases. As an environmental factors, Mother-Child Relationship is important influence on onset, aggravation and prevention of atopic disease.

Background
: Until recently, the study of knowledge and practice rate of adult immunization is insufficient. The aim of this study is to provide reference data about adult immunization for primary physician.

Methods : We assessed 258 out-patients and their caregivers who visited 3 local clinics in Seoul and near-Seoul area, and completed questionnaires given from June to August, 1993. Vaccine-preventable diseases using this study are tetanus, rubella, hepatitis B, influenza and pneumoccoccal pneumonia. The immunization schedule of each diseases insisted briefly to subjects before answering questionnaires.

Results : Among 258 cases, male subjects were 104 in number(40.3%), and female were 154(59.7%). The mean age was 33.9 years. The subjects answered that the most useful method of knowing names of vaccine-preventable diseases was mass-communication(72.9%). About tetanus booster immunization for adult, the cognition rate was mass-communication (72.9%). About tetanus booster immunization for adult, the cognition rate was 16.7% and the performance rate qas 2.3%. The number of female in reproductive ages between 15 and 49 years was 140. Among them, the cognition rate of rubella immunization was 25.7% and the performance rate was 39.3%. About hepatitis B, the cognition rate was 95.0% and the performance rate was 58.9%(P<.0001). The number of those aged 65 years or more was 9, and they all did not know and not perform influenza or pneumococcal pneumonia immunization.

Conclusion : With all disease entities of adult immunization except hepatitis B, the cognition and performance rates were revealed low. 84.7% of all subjects answered that adult immunization is necessary.

Background
: The study of serum total cholesterol for adults are abundant, but it was not for children and adolescents. Thus, we carried out the study of serum total cholesterol depending on sex, age and body measures for healthy children and adolescents.

Methods : From April 1, 1993 to April 30, 1993, we requested health examination for elementary schools, middle schools and high schools located in Taegu. Among them, 249 students accepted it and we studied for them.

Results : Among 249 students, males were 118(47.4%) and females were 131(52.5%). According to age, elementary school boys(girls) were 122(49%), middle school students were 25(10%), and high school students were 102(40.9%). The mean of serum total cholesterol of study subjects was 167.3mg/dl. In cases of males, it was 161.2mg/dl and females, it was 174.8mg/dl. The mean of serum total cholesterol of females was significantly higher than males. The mean of serum total cholesterol was significantly different depending on sex and height, as increasing of relative weight the mean of serum total cholesterol trended to increase. The mean of serum total cholesterol trended different levels depending on age and weight.

Conclusion : In the study of mean serum total cholesterol for children and adolescents depending on sex, age and body measures, the mean of total serum cholesterol was significantly different depending on sex, height and relative weight. In children and adolescents, it is important to effort for collection of reversible factor, relative weight and serum cholesterol after screening test.