Methods : Coping scores and APGAR scores were taken 137 of patients and their families who were admitted to hospital between March and May in 1994. Statistical reliability testing was performed with Cronbach's alpha in SPSS/PC+ 4.0 and a comparison was made between the total coping score and individual items scores to find any correlation. Two technique were incorporated to determine the validity of the scoring, first, interviews were performed on families with chronic illness and points given from 1 to 5 for families with increasing levels of coping to the illness, and these results were compared with the coping score for correlation, second, APGAR scores were compared with the coping score for correlation. SAS was need to determine correlation.

Results : Patients studied were 90 male and 47 female and ages ranged from 17 years to 83 years with a mean of 48.7±16.1 years. The mean of the APGAR scores was 6.75±2.58 with 91 families with scores 7 points or over, 28 families between points 4 and 6, and 18 families with 3 points or less. The coping scores mean was 10.37±2.87 with 74 families with scoress 11 points or over, 55 families between points 5 and 10, and 8 families with 4 points or less.

Cronbacch's alpha was 0.6438 and with a score over 0.6, the coping score is found to have reliability. Correlation was found between the total score and individual items' scores.(P<0.0001) The R coefficiency between the coping score and the interview score was determined to be 0.5697 also showing correlation.(P<0.0001) The R coefficiency between the coping score and the interview score was determined to be 0.5697 also showing correlation.(P<0.0001) The R coefficiency between the coping score and APGAR score was 0.6410 again showing correlation (P<0.0001) and demonstrating the validity of the coping score.

Conclusion : The score of family's coping with chronic illness shows reliability and validity, as the results of this syudy. The scoring system can be used as a basic screening tool to determine how well a family is coping with chronic illness and as a basic guideline of family therapy in Korea.

Background
: Hypertension is chronic disease and very common in primary practice. The β-blockers are frequently used in treatment of hypertension, but depression can be developed as side effect.
So we interested in the relationship between the use of β-blockers and the depression.

Methods : We selected patients who was prescribed the same antihypertensive drugs for above 3 months, who visited hypertension clinic of one hospital in Pusan, from August 22 to August 29 1994. We excluded the patients who had history of depression, medication history of other drugs developing depression, and history of cerebrovascular accidents. The β-blockers group were 58 patients. The control group were selected among the patients who were prescribed other hypertensive drugs. The control group were matched individually with the β-blockers group 1:2 in the criteria of 5 or less age difference, same sex and education level. For the assesment of depression tendency, we used Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI) that established as useful methods in our country.

Results : The mean score of BDI were 14.10 in β-blockers group and 14.41 in control group, but the difference between the groups was not significant(p=0.791). And the patients of 21 or more BDI score, which is diagnosed as depressive tendency group, were 11 persons(19.0%) in β-blockers and 25(21.6%) in control group, but there was no signifiant difference between the groups(p=0.691).

Conclusion : We found no significant relationship between depression and β-blockers in this study.

Background
s : The visits of patients who want to treat the osidrosis were increased due to the improvement of living status. Surgical methods, therefore, that removes only scars subcutaneous tissue with the minimum of scars in short time have been studied. This study is to compare the clinical and shistological results of Manual and INABA's method that is available in primary care units briefly.

Methods : The authors reviewed 48 patients who were treated osmidrosis in Kun San Medical Center by use of the manual method in right axilla and Inaba's method in the left axila from May 1992 to June 1994. We chddoose the single incision-flap method and 48 patients were analyzed in 2 groups according to instrument in same patient. The results of the extent of Apocrine and Eccring gland removed were compared by the histological byopsy in pre and post-operation. The complications of these methods folowed for at least 4 months up to 13 months after operation.

Results : There were 35 females and 13 males among the 48 patients. The age of the patients ranged from 14 years to 43 years with the mean age of 22 years(Table 1). In histological comparision, apocrine gland was removed completly by two methods, but Inaba method reduced more eccrine gland than Manual method(Tabele 4, p<0.001). After operation, the complications, 12%(6/48) flap necrosis, 6%(3/48) hypertrophic scar and 12%(6/48) hematoma occurred by Manual method, instead of only 12%(6/48) hematoma showed by Inaba method without other complications(Table 3). The operation time for the single incision was 45 minutes(42-47) by Manual method, 30 minutes(25-35) by Indaba(Table 5). The operation time of Manual method is longer than Inaba method about 15 minutes(p<0.001)

Conclusion : Inaba method is brief and easier than Manual's in operation. It is desirable to recommend Inaba method for the patients and physicians in primary care units.

Background
: The euthanasia debate has become increasingly active in recent years. Technological advances have made it possible to prolong the life almost indefinitely. Medical decisions concerning the prolongation of life, the right to die and euthanasia are among the most extensively discussed issues within medicine and law today. This study examines the attitudes of physicians toward euthanasia.

Methods : The qustionnaire was mailed to 550 physicians. Data was analyzed from the 117 physicians who were completed and returned the form.

Results : The findings suggest that buddist tend to support euthanasia than others. Surgeon tend to agree with euthanasia than internal medicine doctors.

Conclusion : Passive euthanasia is more acceptable to the majority of the respondents and they are more disturbed by active euthanasia. Physician can no longer afford to be indifferent about the euthanasia and must actively participate in the debates about euthanasia.

Background
: This study was done to find out disease related factors affecting voluntary cessation of smoking,

Methods : A questionnaire survey was carried out on 380 patients with past history of smoking who visited out-patient department after discharge from one university hospital in Pusan city.

Results : Subjects were divided into two groups ; smoker group who has persisted smoking after discharge from hospital and quitter group who quitted smoking after discharge. Among 380 subjects there were 214 smokers(56.3%) and 166 quitters(43.7%).
The variables that were associated significantly between two groups were age, mattital status, regular exercise, alcohol drinking, salt intake, recognition about harmful effect of smoking after hospitalization, duration of hospitalization and type of disease.
Smoking associated diseases were more frequent in quitter group(28.3%) than in smoker group(11.7%) even after adjustment for age, marrital status and health behaviours including regular exercise, alcohol drinking, and salt intake(p=0.003).
There was statistically significant difference in the distribution of diseases in smoker and quitter group(p=0.001) ; the top three diseases were malignant neoplasm(30.7%), cardiovascular diseases(22.3%) and respiratory diseases(13.9%) in quitter group and musculoskeletal diseases(34.6%), nervous diseases(22.9%) and gastrointestinal diseases(16.8%) in smoker group.

Conclusion : These findings suggested that disease related factors may contribute to voluntary cassation of smoking. Therefore physicians can help their patients who would like to quit smoking in their clinic.