Background
: For the good health care system, the field of primary core which is based on it must be established well. Some physicians insist on 2 year residency program for the large pro-duction of primary care physicians. So we studied to support the basic data necessary to the plan of the residency program for the primary care physician, investigating the attitude of fam-ily physicians who major in primary care.
Method: From August to September in 1995, questionnaires were sent twice by mail to the directors of family residency program, family doctors who completed the course of residency program within 5 years(recent graduate), and third year residents. Among all 567 physicians directors were 115 persons, recent graduates were 268 persons, third year residents were 184 persons, we analyzed the data of 257 respondents by SPSS/PC. The contents in the qestionnaires included the necessity of internship, the opinion of 2-year residency program for primary care physicians, the opinion of 4-year residency program, the optimal duration of the traning pro-gram for primary care physician, and the motives of selection of family residency program.
Result: Among 567 subjects, 257 persons(45.3%) responded. The response rate was 35.7% in the directors of family residency program, 23.5% in recent graduates, 22.3% in third year resi-dents. The male respondents were 65.0% and female respondents were 35.0%. Internship was favored by 75.9% and 2-year residency program for primary care physician was not favored by 89.9% of all respondents. And current family residency program of 3-year-residency program after internship was favors by 62.3% of all respondents, but 33.0% of all respondents thought, short. And 4-year prolongation of family residency program was favored by 61.5% of all respo-ndents. Obtimal duration of the residency program for primary care physicians was the current family residency program which were chosen by 49.4%, and next was 4-year residency program after internship which were chosen by 23.3% of all respondents.

Conclusion : Most family physician were satisfied with the present 3-year-residency program after internship, and were favored 2-year-residency program for the primary care phy-sician. We think that the prolongation of family residency program must be considered in the furture.

Background
: As Korean dietary pattern is westernized recently, The level of serum cholester-ol is beingelevated. Hyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors for atheroscleerosis. Early detection and lowering of cholesterol level can reduce motality due to cardiovascular dis-ease. We quantified the diet intakes, and analyzed between the serum cholester-ol level and diet variables.

Methods : We estimated total calory intake, total cholesterol intake, lipid intake, proportion of lipid intake and alcohol intake by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in 181 adults. The subjects were aparently healty, nondiabetic, and not on a dietary regimen. And then we analyzed the correlations between the serum choleserol level and age, sex,BMI, diet variables, respectively.

Results : The correlation coefficient with serum cholesterol level were 0.37(P<0.05) for age, 0.18(P<0.05) for BMI. But the serum cholesterol level was not significantly reated to any of diet variables.

Conclusion : In our study, the serum total cholesterol level is positively associated with age and BMI. But it is not associated with diet variables.

Background
: The climacterium I defined as a group of physical and psychological sympto-mps commonly experienced in the middle ages due to estrogen deficiency, sociocultural and psy-chological gactors This analysis focused on the relationship beteen climacteric sympotoms and life event cagne. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between various life event characteristics, possible medisting factors and climacteric symptomtology.

Methods : The data were collected at the Yonsei Medical Center, a outpatient clinic of the de-partment of family medicine, over a three month period from June, 1995 to August, 1995. Each female subject completed a 21 item symptom self-rating scale. This scale yielded three main in-dependent factors which were composed of 11 psychological symptoms and 7 somatic symptoms and 3 vasomotor symptoms. The level of life event stress experienced was measured by the Life Event Stress Rating Scale of House Wives in Seoul, which had been developed by Wan Sang Yoo(1994), and the Life Event Scale were subclassified into 6 life change items by Kang-E Hong and Do-En Jeong(1982). The collected data were analyzed with the SAS program.
Result: A significant difference in climacteric symptoms occurred between the 45~54 age group and the 55~65 age group(P<0.05). When the climacteric symptoms were subclassified into three subscales, there were statistically significant increase of climacteric symtoms is the 45~54 age group when compared with 55~64 age proup. Health stress of the six Life Event Stress Scale was significantly correlated with somatic symptoms(P<0.05).

Conclusion : Health stress of the Life Event Stress Scale was correlated with somaticc symtoms of the climacteric symptoms. Multiple regression analysis revealed that somatic symp-toms were closely related with the Life Event Stress Scale.

Background
: It is well known that smoking is hazardous to health and could be lethal with various diseases. A family physician is in a suitable position to counsel and modify smoking be-haviors of students in the aspect of smoking prevention and health promotion. Then the authors surveyed the smoking rate and knowledge of smoking hazards for male high school students in Daegu and Kyungbuk area by location and category.

Methods : From July 1 to September 30, 1994 seven high schools in Daegu and Kyngbuk area were arbitrarily selected and one each class was recruited. 1086 students in total(657 urban students, 519 rural students) completed the questionnaires. The data were analyzed be percent-age and t-test using statiscal package SPSS/PC+.

Results : Smokers were 313 persons(29%) among total subjects. Urban smoker were 146(26%), rural smokers were 167(32%), and smokers in humane category schools were 135(22%), smokers in technical schools were 178(39%). As for the motives to smoke, 37% started smoking with curiosity, 20% started with with recommendation by friends, 15% started for resolution of stress. As for the starting age of smoking, 45% began to smoke before graduation of middle schools. As for the average smoking amount, 76% smoked less than 10 cigarettes per day. As for knowledge of smoking hazards, the subjects responded to know more about the influences on health(78%) and pulmonary diseases(79%) than the influences on cancer(46%) and cardiac diseases(32%).

Conclusion : For the high school students, the independent health education program for smoking cessation must be develped. Especially, the effects of teacher's smoking behaviors on student's behaviors should be studied more.

Background
: Many examinees have mental stress due to difficulty to pass examinations. So we evaluated their health condition, medical illness, and wanted workup tests.

Methods : From May-1, 1995 to June-5 1995, we collected data from examinees at Shin Rim Dong, Kwan Ak Gu, Seoul, Korea. After giving them questionnaires, we reviewed and analyzed the results of questionnaires.

Results : The total number of examinees was 785, and the sex ratio was male : female=9.2 : 1. In the age distribution, and 3rd and 4th decades were 64.6% and 31.4% respectively. In the examination types, Bar Examinees were 50.8%, Governmental Officer Examinees were 31.0%, Governmental Fo-reign Officer Examinees were 4.2%, Certified Public Accountant Examinees were 8.3%. Real estate evaluator examinees were 5.7%. In the education levels, college graduates were 80.9%. For most of examinees(88.9%) the duration of preparing exam was less than 5 years. Diet habits were regular in most cases as 2~3 meals per day(90.8%), and nonsmokers were 34.9%, nondrinkers were 34.8%. The types of taking medicine were herb medicine(33%), vitamins(21.6%), digestive pills(19.5%). When they need medicine, they will get medicine from drug store(57.6%), medical doctor's office(15.5%), and Oriental doctor's office(9.9%). Most examinees slept for 5 to 8 hours per day(78.1%). And they hae experienced tension headache, which was related to stressful studies, and other medical problems related to gastointestinal problems(18.1%). Most of examinees were concerned about their health status, and that was why they requested some tests for health screening, which were LFT and hepatitis screening test(22%), and CBC test(18.3%), chest X-ray(17.2%).

Conclusion : Most of examinees were very much concerned about their health status due to long period of stressful studies. I found some of examinees had chronic medical problems. This chronic problems should be treated and regularly checked by medical doctors. These follow up health screening programs and routine physical examinations will give them better way for preparing examinations and their own health.

Background
: It is very important aspect in primary care to control life style factors related to diseases. But it seems that primary care doctors have difficulties to appraise biopsycosocially the patient's life style and apply the results into the the daily outpatient managements in Korea, where the medical surroundings confind the interview time with patient's life style easily, bio-psychosocially, and objectively, especially during managing in the office.
Method: From June to August in 1995, among the encounters of outpatient clinic of the de-partment of Family Medicine, Saint Mary Hospital, 203 subjects were recommended to check their life styles on checklists. This checklist is the one which Dr.Lee modified to be compatible with Korean culture out of Wilson's Fantastic life styles, which is consisted of 25 items each of that we allocated 0-4 points to. So total life style score of this checklist is 100. Among the subje-cts 22 subjects, sampled randomly, were retested 1 week after the 1st test for reliability test by phone interview. The patients who had been diagnosed as adult disease, were allocated into mor-bid group(77 subjects), and the others into healthy group(77 subjects). Cross sectional study was performed. And the data were analyzed through correlation analysis, student, t-test, and Chi-square test using MINITAB 7.1 package program.

Results : The checklist used in this study showed an acceptible correlation coefficient(r=0.879) on test-retest. The mean life style score was 65.7(SD 0.75, 41-87)in total group, 63.3(SD 10.37, 41-87)in morbid group, and 68.2(SD 8.48, 53-87)in healthy group. The mean score of morbid group was significantly lower than the one of healthy group(p=0.0016). Among the 25 total life style items, 10 items showed significantly lower scores in morbid group than in healthy group such as 'positive thinking(p=0.0002)', 'anxiety and worry(p=0.003).', 'anger(p=0.0006)', etc. When life style score was divided into 5 classes by 90% and 70% of sensitivity and specificity, odds ratio between excellent and dangerous groups was 3.56. The post-intervention reappraisal for knowing the short term effect, tried at 3 weeks after the pre-intervention test, showed a rise of mean life score by 4.1(p=0.026).

Conclusion : The checklist, used in this study is agreed as a useful method to assess and ap-praise patient's life style, acceptible in reliability and validity, adaptible in outpatient primary care medicine, and applicable in self-assessment by patients.

Background
: It is known that diabetic retinopathy is the most specific complication of dibet-ic microvascular complication, and a important cause of blindness in adults. We investigated the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy on non-insulin dependent diabetic male patients.
Method: The 107 diabetic male patients with retinopathy and the same number of diabetic patients without retinopathy were chosen randomly, who were hospitalized in a university hospi-tal. They were called up for a inquiry and their medical records were also reviewed. The obtai-ned data were the age, family history of diabetes, duration of diabetes, onset age of diabetes, status of diabetes control, diabetic complication, blood pressure, obesity, lipid profile, drinking behavior, and amount of smoking.
Result: The mean age of the group with diabetic retinopathy is 57.2 years and that of the group without diabetic retinopathy is 58.3 years. Compared to the group without diabetic retino-pathy, there shows statistical difference in family history of diabetes, using insulin, diabetic complication, hypertension in the group with diabetic retinopathy(P<0.01). Also it is observerd that the age of onset of diabetes is younger, the duration of diabetes is longer(P<0.01), and the status of diabetic control is worse in the group with diabetic retinopathy(P<0.05). On the other hand, there shows no difference in the obesity, smoking, drinking between two proups.
Through multiple logistic regression analysis, diabetic retinopathy seemed to be associated with factors such as family history of diabetes, duration of diabetes and level of fasting blood sugar.

Conclusion : The risk of diabetic retinopathy is more increased in patients with family history of diabetes, the longer duration of diabetes, and the worse control of blood sugar.

Background
: Although the demand for the role of trained family physician has increased in primary care unit, the rate in which family physicians is relatively very low for the number of all the doctors in Korea. So we have carried out a research about the attractability of in-terns and public health practician who are going to choose spciality for training, in order to help decide proper way to which curriculums of family practice should go.
Method: From June 1st to August 31th 1995, 162 interns and public health practician in 10 hospitals including university hospital and public health practician in Chollanamdo and Cholla-bukdo were selected. And we carried out the research by the written questionnaire about the attractability of intern and public health practician the traning for family physician. In this survey, it was divided into two group that it is in favor of family practice training, or that think family practice training as an alternative, and another is the group without affinity on family practice training. We use χ² test to prove the significance among these three groups.

Results : There were significant differences according to the size of the hospital in which they were engaged(p<0.05) and gender(p<0.05), but the difference among ages, motives for choice, marital states were not significant. Interns working in smaller hospital had more affin-ity than those in university hospital, woman doctors were more favorable for the family prac-tice as a speciality.

Conclusion : In the viewpoint of high attractability of interns working in mid-sized hospital, there should be comprehensive plan for them to make proper choice.