Background
: This study intends to clear that the current cost reimbursement system of Korean medical insurance of health care.

Methods : By using insured medical record of Federation of Korean Medical Insurance Societies used in the demand tendency research of the type of services from feburary 1st to 28th of the year 1990, authors analyze the characteristic of components of charges per case in the type of health care facilities.

Results : The charge per case in the out-patinet care of primary health care facility is 13,498 won, which is 54.6% by comparison with the secondary health care facility and 30.7% by comparison with the tertiary health care facility. Among these charges the amount facility and 71.8% in the secondary and 67.5% in the tertiary. Consequently, the services in the primary care are chiefly composed with the medical examinations and oral drugs. In addition to this point the author also finds that the charge per case in 3.5 times, the cost for oral drugs is 5.6 times larger than those of primary care, and therefore tertiary health care facility conduct various diagnostic examinations and prescript more expensive.

Conclusion : There is a difference of basic medical cost ratio between primary, secon-dary and tertiary health care facility. These points can be lead to the presumption that the diseases under the structure of current medical insurance are overlapped irrespective of the characterisitcs of the type of health care facilites, and this is profitable to the tertiary health care facilities which can conduct various types of services. In conclusion, the frame a policy is needed to encourage primary care which are nothing but simple structure of charges.

Background
: Estrogen deficiency accelerates loss of bone mass and changes lipid profile in the postmenopausal women, so that the osteoporosis and astherosclerosis were developed. But it has not enough studies including the premenopausal women .So we have investigat-ed about the differences of body mass index(BMI), lipid profile and bone mineral density (BMD) with pre- and postmenopausal women.

Methods : We have evaluated 201 premenopausal women and 322 pstmenopausal women out of total 651 who had visited Health Screening Center in the hospital of Eul-Ji Medical College from November, 1995 to July, 1996.

Results : The mean age of total subjects, premenopausal women, postmenopausal women were 51.9, 43.9, 56.8 years, respectively. The mean period after menopause was 8.1 years. Significant difference was seen in BMI, lipid profile and BMD according to age and meno-pause(P<0.01). BMI was related to lipid profile(P<0.01), but not to BMD(P<0.1). In postmenopausal women BMI, BMD and lipid profile were related to postmenopausal period(P<0.05). In viewing their correlations BMD had strong adverse correlations with factors such as age, menopause, and postmenopausal period. Lipid profile had weak positive corre-lations with factors such as age, menopause, BMI(P<0.001).

Conclusion : The lipid profile are related to factors such as age, BMI, menopause, and postmenopausal period. The BMD is related to above factors except BMI. Prospective study in needed to evaluate the influence of estrogen on BMD and lipid metabolism. Thus, it helps to the prevention and treatment of the osteoporosis and hyperlipidemia in the post-menopausal women.

Background
: The evaluation of obesity in practice has been done indirectly by antiro-pometric values such as body mass index(BMI), waist and hip circumferences and hip circumferences and waist-hip ratio(WHR). Somatotype drawing developed by Srensen has been evaluated as a simple instrument of obesity without real somatic measuring in several studies. This study was at-tempted to evaluated correlation between somatotype drawing and anthropometric values.

Methods : The subjects were measured anthroprmetric values such as height, weight, hip and waist circumferences. After calculating BMI and WHR, we evaluate correlation be-tween these values and somatotype drawing. And we tried to grouping of somatotype drawing with the means of anthropometric values.

Results : The data were collected from 224 subjects, whose BMI(kg/m²) and WHR were 22.81±2.96 and 0.86±0.07(mean±SD). Spearmen's correlation coefficients of somatotype drawing were 0.77 with BMI, 0.62 with waist circumference, 0.61 with weight and hip cir-cumference, 0.40 with WHR that remained statistically significant after adjusting age, sex, education level, monthly income and job. And, the grades of somatotype drawing were grouped as 1, 2, 3-4, 5-6, ,7 by BMI and hip circumference, 1, 2-4, 5, 6, 7 by waisr circu-mference(ANOVA and Duncan's method).

Conclusion : Somatotype drawing has a good correlations with BMI, wight, waist and hip circumference. But it is not applicable to assess WHR because of its relatively lower correlation.

Background
: If two or more doctors prescribe for one patient, each doctor must be careful to minimize the number of drugs and the frequency of admistration, and also be careful to avoid duplicating drugs, The purpose of this study is to evaluate the appropri-ateness of prescription for the patient who visits two or more doctors.

Methods : In a tertiary hospital, outpatients who received prescriptions simultaneously from two or more doctors were selected, and the number of drugs, the frequency of admi-stration and duplication of drugs were evaluated.

Results : The number of eligible patents was 887. The number of drugs was 5.2 for pa-tients who visited 2 doctors, and 8.1 for patients who visited 3 doctors. 13% of patients who visited 2 doctors received more than 8 drugs, and 32.6% of patients who visited 3 doctors received more than 10 drugs. The frequency of administration per day was 3.7 for patients who visited 2 doctors, and 5.0 for patients who visited 3 doctors. 12% of patients who visited 2 doctors had to take drug more time 6 times a day. 9.2% of total patients recei-ved duplicated drugs. The duplication of drugs was more frequent among patients who vis-ited 2 doctors than who visited 3 doctors.

Conclusion : For the patients who visited two or more doctors, the number of drugs and frequency of admistration was inappropriate and duplication for drugs was found, therefore the doctors should make more efforts to avoid inappropriate prescription.

Background
: If the corrections of the cryptorchid testes are delayed, it may lead the patients to suffer loss of testes of fertility. So we purposed to analyze the present status of correction and the causes of delay and tried to emphasize the needs to educate the in-form the ideal age for correction.

Methods : Total 363 cryptorchid patients who visited our hospital in 10 years from Janu-ary 1987 to December 1996 were divided into 3 groups according to their ages at visit as under 2,3, to 5 and over 6 years groups. We analyzed the operative findings of the 3 groups, compared the ratio of the over 6 groups during the half ten years till 1991 to the same ratio after 1992 and also analyzed the causes of delay in 81 patients for whom the causes of delay could be identified in over 6 years group.

Results : The age distributions showed 88 patients(24.2%) of under 2 years group, 118 patients(32.5%) of 3 to 5 years group and 157 patients(43.3%) of over 6 years group. When we compare the former 5 years till 1991 to the latter 5 years after 1992, the num-ber of the patients who underwent orchiopexy under the age of 2 were increased from 34(19.1%) to 54(29.2%) and those over the age of 6 were decreased from 88(49.4%) to 69(37.3%) but still in higher proportion. The intraoperative findings showed that the rate of atropic or smaller tests than normal size in over 6 years group(128 testes, 73.1%)were higher than those of under 2 years(10 tests, 9.8%) and 3 to 5 years group(28 tests, 20.2%). The most common causes of delay in over 6 years group was recommendation by rel-atives or neighbors(36 patients, 48.1%) and the remainders were advices of doctors other than urologists(27 patients, 33.%3), poor economic status(8 patients, 9.9%) and unaware-ness of the anomaly(7 patients, 8.6%).

Conclusion : To prevent the loss of testicular function or tests itself in patients with cryptorchidism, the early correction should be performed because the recommended age for the correction tends to be decreased. The public information for the recommended age should be provided and also educational programs for the primary are supposed to be performed.

Background
: It is expected that the demand for the information about the primary medical service in the forthcoming supersede age of communication will be on the increase. For that reason, family doctors who are in charge of the primary medical service have to play an important part in constructing a database for furnishing the medical information. This article presents of model which includes the roles of family doctors, constructing medical-related information site of family medicine in the communications net with PC to gather fundamental data in operating the system of medical information and elucidating the formation of medical-related information site and the effect of operating that system.

Methods : Since Aug. 20 in 1996, the site of family medicine, the program of medical information, has been set up in Unitel. The medical information of the site of family medicine is to be classified into two parts : for doctors and for the public. The former is composed of medicine documents, several kinds of medical data, a linkage with medicine site in Internet, movements of an academic society and information exchanges for friendship. The latter is mainly made up of some practical medical sense and medical counsel.

Results : From the opening the medical information site to Jul. 30 in 1997, 250 persons a day have connected with medical information site and this fact implied 15 hours' connection a day in terms of the daily mean. The cases of health counsel averaged 6 cases' connection a day and the annual statistics of those cases were about 1980 cases. The major content of health counsel was related to common symptoms that could be settled in primary medical problem. According to the survey for connectors, most of connectors answered that the medical information through communications net was much more effective than that from other media in the educational aspects and very helpful in the prevention of diseases and in the medical expenditure. Above all, the medical information through communications net was very effective in correcting the mistaken practical medical sense.

Conclusion : It is necessary for family doctors to give thought to the connection of both information communication and medicine and to have correct understanding of medical domain in the cyberspace. On the foundation of these necessities, all the family doctors have to make the best of their way to construct a database with medical data and to transfer these data into the computer sites.

Background
: Many women have experienced artificial abortion, but artificial abortion itself may take a life away from a fetus and also influence serious effect on operated women's health condition. So this study was attempted to offer basic information for improving maternity health condition by knowing women's artificial abortion performance status and recognition about its complication.

Methods : The 215 married women who visited in OPD of certain hospital in Pusan from no-vember 1994 to January 1995, answered the question about experience of artifial abortion the recognition about its complication, and artificial abortioned group answered the reason of artifi-cial abortion and the experience of complication.

Results : The number of women who experienced artificial abortion was 107 persons(49.8%). More educated women have experienced less artificial abortion. The causes of artificial abortion were birth control as of 14.2%, impossible marriage as of 14.2%. 115 persons out of 215 persons (53.4%) answered they heard about its complicatons. In relation to health, 66 persons(30.7%) answered that the abortion had no relation with health condition or they answered they have no idea about the issue, 68 persons(31.6%) answered that the abortion had relation with but its complication would be soon recovered. Higher understanding was obtained in higher educated group(P<0.05). If unwanted pregnancy occur to them in the future, 32 persons(27.8%) in rec-ognized group and 38 persons(38%) in unrecognized group answered they would perform artifi-cial abortion. So understanding about complicaton of artificial abortion has little effect on their artificial abortion rate.

Conclusion : Recongnition of complication of married women is low, and recognition degree doesn't affect artificial abortion. So, not only education about complications of artificial abortion and contraception but also social performance of sharing women's responsibility for birth control or bringing up infants is necessary.