Background
: We developed Korean Family Function Assessment Tool(KFFAT). In order to confide in the results of the KFFAT, it was necessary to verify the psychometric properties(validity and reliability).

Methods : To evaluate the reliability of the KFFAT, internal consistency and scale-item correlation was carried out with 800 middle and high school students and their 800 parents. A three-week interval test-retest was also carried out with 50 high school students and their 50 parents.
In addition, the KFFAT was compared to the family APGAR and the FACES III to evaluate the validity with 800 middle and high school students and their 800 parents.

Results : Cronbach alpha of each scale was 0.55-0.88 and overall scale-item correlation coefficient was believed to be appropriate. Pearson's correlation coefficient of test-retest was 0.49-0.79 in each scale. There is little correlation between the Family APGAR and the FACES III with the KFFAT. However, the KFFAT shows similar results in the function of family with the Family APGAR and the FACES III.

Conclusion : From this reliability and validity test results, the Korean Family Function Assessment Toll(KFFAT) could be used as a assessment tool of Korean family function.

Background
: Currently thee are over 1 billion smokers worldwide. While many cessation programs are available to assist smoker in quitting, research suggests that partner involvement may encourage long-term abstinence. The purpose of this review was to determine if an intervention to enhance partner support helps smoking cessation when added as an adjunct to a smoking cessation program.

Methods : The search was performed in Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group specialized register and 10 other databases. The search terms used were smoking, smoking cessation, and support. The search was also limited to English language. Randomized controlled trials that included a partner support intervention and reported follow-up of 6 months or greater were selected. Abstinence was the primary outcome measure and was analyzed at 2 post-treatment intervals: 6-9 months and > 12 months. A fixed-effects model was used to assess the summary effect of the studies.

Results : A total of 31 articles were identified for this review. Only 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. The definition of partner varied among the studies. There was limited biochemical validation of abstinence rates. The odds ratio for self report abstinence at 6-9 months was 1.08 (CI 95%, .81,-144) and at 12 months post-treatment was 1.0 (CI 95%, 0.75, 1.34). There were no numerical data values for biochemical validation (saliva cotinine/thiocyanate) and carbon monoxide levels at 6-9 months and/or > 12 months follow-up

Conclusion : We concluded that interventions designed to enhance partner support for smokers in cessation programs did not increase quit rates. Limited data from several of the RCTs suggest that these interventions did not increase partner support either. No conclusions can be made about the impact of partner support on smoking cessation. More systematic intervention to affect partnership significantly should be delivered if partner support were part of an existing cessation program.

Background
: Because passive smoking causes lung cancer, ischemic heart disease, and stroke in nonsmokers, implementation of policy to prevent workplace environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are strongly needed. Most of our hospital employees desire more strict smoke-free policy as shown in a questionnaire survey conducted in January 1999. This study was to investigate the short-term effect of a comprehensive smoke-free policy on hospital employees which prohibited any smoking within the hospital building since March 15, 1999.

Methods : The first survey was carried out on January 1999 including all the employees of Sanggye Paik Hospital as subjects. After two months a second round of survey was done to monitor the effects of the new regulation. Questions included in the survey were subjects' demographic characteristics, smoking history, perception and observance of no-smoking areas, and change in perception of ETS. Smokers were questioned about changes in smoking rate after the new policy. Statistical analysis was done using x² and paired t-test to detect if there was any statistical significance after enforcing the new smoke-free policy.

Results : Among total 1,026 employees, 621 subjects (men 146, women 475) in the first survey and 552 subjects (men 146, women 406) in the second survey responded. There was no significant difference in demographic characteristics and occupation mix between the two surveys. Although the perception and observance of no-smoking areas were increased after the new policy. half of nonsmokers replied that the new policy was not well observed. 76.9% of subjects replied the exposure to cigarette smoke during work decreased. The question item asking the smokers of the amount of cigarettes smoked after the new policy adoption revealed a decrease in 2.83(±0.48) cigarettes during the working hours (p=0.0001), a decrease in 1.18(±0.29) cigarettes during the premises of hospital or more stringent regulation for violation of the policy.

Conclusion : Despite several limitations, this study suggests that a comprehensive smoke-free policy in hospital has a positive impact on the reduction of smoker's cigarettes consumption as well as reduction of ETS exposure on the nonsmokers.

Background
: In spite of harmfulness of smoking, the rate of adult man's smoking is high in Korea and that of young people and women has risen recently. Although the number of hospitals operating smoking-cessation clinic has risen year by year, there is little research on smoking cessation. In this study, we tried to find the factors associated with successful smoking cessation and have attempted to contribute to developing effective smoking cessation strategy and help to continue cessation state.

Methods : Three hundred smokers, who had visited the Dankook Univ. Hospital from May 1999 to December 1999, were consulted. After doing a survey with a basic questionnaire and smoking cessation consultation, we asked them to revisit on the date of appointment with continued use of nicotine patch as much possible. Six months later, we selected 272 people and analyzed the factors of difference between the two group; one is the successful group and the other is the failure group.

Results : The success group included 77 people (28.3%), and the failure group 195 people (71.7%). In view of demographic profiles such as age, sex, marital status, education, and job, there was no significant difference between the two groups. In view of smoking pattern and factors that can influence them such as age of starting to smoke, duration of smoking, motive of smoking, reason of failure to stop smoking, reason of trying to stop smoking, the presence of smoking family member, confidence in smoking cessation, dependence on nicotine and the number of alcohol drinking, there was no significant difference between the two groups. In the results of univariate analysis, daily mean smoking amount, the presence of smoking-associated disease, expiratory CO level at initial visit to hospital, period of using nicotine patch and total times of visiting clinic were significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, the total number of visits to the clinic was the only significant factor according t multivariate analysis.

Conclusion : The results of multivariate analysis has shown that the factor that is most associated with success of smoking cessation is the total number of visits to smoking-cessation clinic. This means that the more people who smoke consult with doctor and the longer the period of utilizing the smoking-cessation clinic is, the more successful they are in smoking cessation.

Background
: Internet use is taking place as a necessary part in modern life. Recently, internet use among adolescents has bocome a prominent social problem. In accordance with assessment of internet using pattern and addiction, this study analyzed addiction-relating factors. According to analysis of intimate relating factor, this study attempted to provide appropriate countermeasure.

Methods : The author had performed physical examination on the subjects on May, 2001. The subjects were elementary, middle, and high school students. Among them, 913 students were surveyed with questionnaires. Among the 913 students, elementary school students were 222, middle school 369, high school 291, and 31 did not complete the survey. Addiction-relating factors were sex, age, frequency, mostly connected web-site, time, and place. Young's scale was used as internet addiction assessment, 70 points, and above were used as criteria for internet addiction.

Results : There were 32 addicted students among the subjects. By sex, male students were 7, female students 25. By age, elementary school student was 1, middle school students 9, and high school students 22. In frequency, 424 students used the internet more than 5 times per week among all subjects. 30 students used the internet more than 5 times per week among addicted students.

Conclusion : Internet use of chatting site is an intimate addiction-relating factor. Therefore, substitute activity which can reduce computer using time, and frequency should be encouraged. Especially, avoiding chatting site is considered a preventive methive of addiction during the computer using time.

Background
: Nowadays there is an upsurge of, social concern on domestic violence. The role of doctors in the prevention and screening of domestic violence is becoming important. Therefore, we selected medical residents to find out about the attitude and knowledge of doctors on domestic violence.

Methods : From 2000 March to October, we surveyed questionnaires to residents. The contents included the attitude on the victims, assailants and the children of domestic violence, whether they had the will to report domestic violence to the police or not, and finally the knowledge about the law on domestic violence.

Results : Among 210 residents, 95 (45.2%) answered. Almost 90% of the subjects agreed to the necessity of social intervention on the assailants. And most residents agreed that the psychosocial impact of domestic violence to the exposed children was important. 65 (68.4%) residents said they would report to the police when they recognized victims of domestic violence during their consultation. 27-68% answered correctly about the law related to domestic violence. 40% agreed to the need of education for domestic violence.

Conclusion : The residents had little knowledge on domestic violence law. Therefore, it is essential for residents to be educated accordingly. The factors of marital status and sexual difference of doctors on domestic violence should be investigated.

Background
: Physiological fatigue due to excessive physical activities and lack of proper rest is commonly observed among workers. Previous studies suggested that physiological fatigue can be related to individual physical fitness. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and the degree of fatigue in 95 female employees in general hospitals.

Methods : Subjects were healthy adults female volunteers who were employed by two general hospitals located in Seoul and Kyunggido. The degree of fatigue using fatigue severity scale and physical fitness including % body fat, waist-hip ratio, maximal oxygen uptake, both grip strengths, back muscle strength, sit ups, flexibility, and broad jump were assessed. Data were strengths, back muscle strength, sit ups, flexibility, and broad jump were assessed. Data were analysed to examine the relationship between the degree of fatigue and each physical fitness.

Results : 1. Fatigue severity scale was significantly increased with increasing age and commuting time. Drinking alcohol was significantly related to increased fatigue severity scale.
2. Fatigue severity scale was significantly decreased with increasing number of family members and length of service.
3. Fatigue severity scale was significantly decreased with increasing both grip strengths, maximal O₂uptake, and sit ups.

Conclusion : The physical fitness factors including both grip strengths, maximal O₂uptake, and sit ups were considered to be important predictors in the evaluation of the degree of physiological fatigue.

Background
: C-reactive protein is an acute phase reactant, which can be increased by either (both) infectious or (and) non-infectious and non-specific reaction of cells and tissue metabolism. Also C-reactive protein is known to have a relationship between changes in lipid and glucose metabolism. In recent studies, the possibility of being a prognostic factor of cardiovascular risk factors and serum C- reactive protein concentration within conventional reference ranges in otherwise normal people has also received little attention. Therefore, in the study, we tried to look for the relationship between C-reactive protein and cardiovascular risk factors of a healthy adult.

Methods : We analyzed the results of the surveys and general chemistries given to 3,548 healthy men and women who have visited the health promotion center in a certain university hospital. We assayed the C-reactive protein by means of rate nephelometry. We omitted the case of 123 people who went over 1mg/dL. We compared C-reactive protein of normal and abnormal range of each risk factor and went through the multiple regression analysis for the factors with significant differences.

Results : When C-reactive protein concentration of normal and abnormal range of cardiovascular risk factors were compared by t-test, there were differences according to age (p<0.001), sex(p<0.001), body mass index (p<0.001), WBC (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (p<0.001), diastolic pressure (p<0.001), total cholesterol (p<0.01), HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) and smoking (p<0.001). We could not find any significant difference of triglycerides. After going through multiple regression analysis for the risk factors, which showed a significant difference by t-test, we found out that the C-reactive protein increased as cholestrol (p<0.01), body mass index (p<0.01) and WBC (p<0.001) increased. As for HDL-cholesterol (p<0.001), the C-reactive protein increased as it decreased. Age, sex, smoking history, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure did not show significant relationship we were looking for.

Conclusion : C-reactive protein was not related to age, smoking history, blood pressure, and triglycerides among cardiovascular risk factors, bot was related to body mass index, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and WBC. This relationship indicated that even if the C-reactive protein was in normal range a person with C-reactive protein should be aware of the risk involved for cardiovascular diseases.

Background
: An outbreak of measles was reported again in 2000 nationwide. For that reason, research was done to evaluated the necessity of relevant re-vaccination and efficacy of primary vaccination of MMR when measles was prevalent, by way of comparative study for serological test results of the patients hospitalized at SAMSUN HOSPITAL in Busan in 2000.

Methods : From Jan to Dec 2000, we reviewed 108 cases with medical history confirmed as measles by clinical and serological examination and checked whether inoculation of primary vaccination of MMR was done or not and the date of vaccination through telephone survey, separated. The study subjects were into two groups, vaccinated, and unvaccinated, and antibody of measles were checked according to sex, season and age.

Results : It was observed that a great number of people caught measles in May-June comprising 56 case (58.3%) among 108 cases analyzed and the wide range of an attack of measles was under two years of age with 37 cases(34.3%) under on year of age and 33 cases (30.6%) between 1-2 year old.

Conclusion : According to the results of serum diagnosis of the measles case study, vaccination for measle is needed at the age of 6 month to one year because all those under on year of age who had not received a vaccine contacted the disease. The importance of booster was raised for those above 3 years old because those who had prior vaccination against measles contacted the disease.