Background : The purpose of this study was to compare the Physical Activity Recall (Stanford 7-days physical activity recall) with the Triaxial accelerometer (RT3) to assess physical activity in young adults.
Methods : Thirty-seven subjects wore the RT3 for 24 hours and then completed the physical activity recall. The Stanford 7-Day Recall records hours of sleep, light-, moderate-, hard- and very hard levels of physical activity.
Results : The total energy expenditure per day for the Stanford 7-day recall and RT3 was 2381.29±594.93 kcal/day and 2232.97±398.32 kcal/day, respectively, and showed high correlation (r=0.821). The activity energy expenditure per day for the Stanford 7-day recall and RT3 was 836.21±290.5 9 kcal/day and 509.83±181.57 kcal/day, respectively, and showed less high but significant correlation (r=0.327). When compared by sex, the total energy expenditure was significantly correlated in men (r=0.572) and the activity energy expenditure in women (r=0.484).
Conclusion : The Stanford 7-day recall and the RT3 was highly correlated in the total energy expenditure and significantly correlated in the activity energy expenditure. Therefore, it may be used reciprocally to assess physical activity.
Background : The optimal screening tools for hepatocellular carcinoma are regular tests of alpha fetoprotein (aFP) and liver ultrasonography every 6 months in high risk group. To implement successful long-term project for reducing cancer-mortality, it is essential to know the reasons for non-compliance among the high risk group.
Methods : A telephone survey was done among the hepatitis B surface antigen positive patient group who had not received a follow-up test of aFP and liver ultrasonography. This group was selected among the patients who had received health examinations from January, 2002 to December, 2002 at a university hospital center for health promotion, and the reasons for non-compliance were inquired.
Results : There were no statistical differences in educational level, economic status, age, and sex between the patient group who had taken appropriate follow-up tests and the group who had not. But there were statistically significant differences in the admission history and transfusion history between the two groups. The reasons for non-compliance were as follows: 1. ignorance to the significance of follow-up examination (41.7%), 2. lack of time (27.8%), 3. no specific signs of cancer (22.2%), 4. high costs (5.6%), and 5. fear of discovering serious disease.
Conclusion : It is important to have patients educated on the significance of screening and early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Background : The overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents and their resultant emergence of resistant microorganisms have made choices regarding antimicrobial therapy more difficult. Therefore, a new system that separated prescribing and dispensing medicine began on July 1, 1997 to prevent overuse and misuse of medicine. We studied to evaluate changes of antibiotic sensitivities to causative microorganisms of urinary tract infection 2 years before and after the new medical system.
Methods : During each 2 years before and after the new medical system, we analyzed antibiotic sensitivities of causative microorganisms for urinary tract infection among the 447 outpatients who visited a hospital in GangNeung. The diagnosis of urinary tract infection was based on greater than 105 CFU (Colony For Unit) per ml urine.
Results : The most common pathogenic microorganisms as E.coli (76.5%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.1%), and Proteus mirabilis (3.6%) in urine culture. A first generation cephalosporin, cephalothin, against E.coli, had more significant sensitivity after the introduction of the new medical system (52.6%) than before (33.9%), especially in the 8th decade (P=0.023) and in females (P＜0.001). Also, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole against E.coli showed signifcant improving sensitivity (P=0.025).
Conclusion : There was little change of antibiotic sensitivity of urinary tract infection in outpatients before and after the new medical system in cephalothin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole against E.coli. The change of antibiotic sensitivities will require further observation for a longer term after the introduction of the new medical system.
Background : The management of problem drinking is very important in family practice and primary care. This research was designed to evaluate the effect of brief intervention on heavy drinking patients in family practice.
Methods : The subjects were composed of 34 Korean males who had findings of alcoholic liver disease in the general health examination. About 5 to 10 minute outpatient interventions consisting of brief advice on drinking problems were delivered in the mean (±SD) frequency of 3.5 (±1.4) times during the 12 weeks. The effect of brief intervention was evaluated by the number of drinking days per week and drinks per drinking day during the 4 weeks before brief intervention and 12 weeks later. The result was compared with the control group (24 males) who had the same condition but did not receive the brief intervention.
Results : The mean (±SD) drinking days per week were significantly (P＜0.001) decreased from 3.5 (±1.7) to 2.0 (±2.1) days and the mean (±SD) drinks per drinking day were significantly (P＜0.001) decreased from 9.5 (±3.5) to 5.1 (±4.3) drinks. The degree of decrease in the subjects was significantly higher than the control group in both drinking days per week (P=0.001) and drinks per drinking day (P＜0.005).
Conclusion : The brief intervention by family physicians is an effective clinical method in the management of heavy drinking patients.
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