Periodic Health Examination and Prevention Guidelines for Koreans were first proposed since 1988. Based on that guideline, clinical preventive services has been applied to clinic population in a few University Hospitals since 1991. In 1995, LHMP development committee in Korean Academy of Family Physician Society first published evidence based clinical practice guidelines and updated the guidelines in 2003. Lifetime Health Maintenance Program (LHMP) committee represents efforts to take a more updated evidence-based approach to the development of the third updated clinical practice guideline in 2009. We focused on approaches that can reliably assess the extent of updating required, a model of limited literature searches with modest expert involvement to reduce the cost and time.
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Korean Lifetime Health Maintenance Program (KLHMP) represents one of several efforts to take a more evidence-based approach to the development of recommendations on a wide range of preventive services. This paper summarizes the methods of the third KLHMP developed by Korean Academy of Family Medicine. The review process of KLHMP was mainly based on trans contextual guideline adaptation of United States preventive service Task force (USPSTF) recommendation. The method of review process was done according to categories of recommendation (adotion of USPSTF's recommendation, adatation of USPSTF's recommendation, development of new recommendation). If the recommendation done by USPSTF is up to date and acceptable in Korean context, it was translated and adopted. If the USPSTF recommendation was not up to date, nor applicable, the recommendation was drawn by adaptation process. If the condition has not been reviewed by USPSTF, the recommendation was drawn by de novo development process, forming key question, literature search (primary researchs, systematic reviews, guidelines), literature evaluation, evidence systhesis, considering of applicability and acceptability of evidence.
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Background This study was done to validate the three single questions about binge drinking for identifying problem drinkers. Methods: Two hundred sixty-one patients (133 men) were interviewed by family physicians for the presence of problem drinking which was defi ned as at-risk drinking or alcohol use disorders according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) guideline and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria. The three single questions (the largest amount of drinking in a day; days of drinking 1.5 bottle [1 bottle in women] or more of Soju [Korean alcoholic beverage, 56 g of alcohol/bottle]; and days of getting drunk during the recent 3 months) were validated against the interview results. Results: Among 261 interviewees, 31.4% were at-risk drinkers, 30.2% had a current alcohol use disorder, and 36.8% had either or both conditions. The fi rst question, considering 4 drinks or more for men and 3 drinks or more for women as positive, showed a sensitivity of 93.8% and specificity of 75.0% in men, and 86.6% and 86.7% in women, respectively. The second question with cut-point of 1 in both gender showed 81.3% and 86.5% in men, respectively and 80.0% and 89.4%, respectively in women. The third question with cut-point of 3 in both gender showed 61.7% and 92.3% in men, respectively and 46.7% and 91.2%, respectively in women. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve of the fi rst question was 0.937 in men and 0.970 in women, for the second question, 0.906 and 0.915, and for the third question, 0.768 and 0.764, respectively. Conclusions: The first question (the largest amount of drinking in a day during the recent 3 months) and the second question (days of drinking 1.5 bottle [1 bottle in women] or more of Soju during the recent 3 months) were considered useful in detecting problem drinkers.
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Background Considering the unhealthy lifestyle observed in divorced men, we planned this study to compare the lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors between married and divorced man. Methods: A total of 11,855 male workers took a health check-up in a University Hospital in Ulsan from March to December 2004. One hundred eight workers were recognized to have checked affi rmative on "divorced" check item on the marital status and 400 workers were matched for age and randomly selected from the "married" 10,177 workers. Comparison was performed between the two groups with the results of the main laboratory data and self-recorded life style questionnaire. Results: The divorced men were shorter in height than the married men (P = 0.022), and showed significantly higher diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.033) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (P = 0.001). In lifestyle, the divorced men had signifi cantly lower educational level, lower monthly household income, higher smoking rate, and more frequent irregular meals than the married men. Divorcing had 1.88 times the odds of having higher diastolic blood pressure compared to staying married. Conclusion: The divorced men had poorer lifestyle and higher diastolic blood pressure than the married men.
Background It is regarded that contemporary Korean diet, the combination of carbohydrates-based Korean traditional diet and the Western eating patterns, increases the vulnerability to chronic diseases such as coronary vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Therefore, there is a rising interest in carbohydrate sources with low glycemic index; many researches have proven the medical benefi ts of low glycemic index diet. Barley has recently drawn attention and various benefi ts of barley, such as improvements of obesity and bowel function, have been suggested. It seems that the beta-glucan, a content of barley helps to lower blood sugar level. This study aimed to evaluate the advantages of barley consumption compared to wheat consumption in blood sugar and blood lipid profi le levels. Methods: Twenty-four healthy Korea University students were randomly assigned to two groups: 12 of barley bread consumption group (treatment group) and 12 of wheat bread consumption group (control group). Both groups took bread on an empty stomach and the changes of their blood sugar and lipid levels were measured, compared, and analyzed every hour for four hours. Results: The blood sugar level one hour later in the barley bread consumption group was statistically low. In addition, the area under curve of the barley bread intake group was found to be statistically smaller. However, the blood lipid profi les between the two groups did not show meaningful difference. Conclusion: This study suggests that the consumption of food containing barley could bring various medical benefi ts to one's health by lowering blood sugar.
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Background Freshmen maladaptation to university life has brought a lot of attention recently. Therefore, we intended to investigate about the relationship between anxiety, depression, stress and freshmen adaptation to university life. Methods: We recruited 861 freshmen of a university located in Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk, and measured their degree of anxiety, depression, and stress by questionnaire from March 10 to 14, 2008. After 8 weeks, we examined their adaptation to university life by questionnaire and fi nally, analyzed the data of 600 freshmen. Results: Among the freshmen, 285 (47.5%) had anxiety, 95 (15.8%) depression, and 70 (11.7%) stress. Adaptation to university life significantly associated with college-entrance exam experience, the number of close friends in class, willingness to join the club, major satisfaction and distance from the university to hometown, in addition to anxiety, depression, and stress. Risk factors of maladaptation to university life were stress (odds ratio: 2.66, 95% confidence interval: 1.60 to 4.45), depression (2.45; 1.56 to 3.84), one experience of college entrance exam (1.83; 1.24 to 2.69), anxiety (1.73; 1.27 to 2.37) and fewer than 5 close friends (1.60; 1.17 to 2.20). Short distance from the university to hometown (0.72; 0.53 to 0.98), willingness to join the club (0.60; 0.41 to 0.87) and major satisfaction (0.42; 0.29 to 0.61) were identifi ed as lowering the risk of maladaptation to university life. Conclusion: Anxiety, depression, and stress closely related to freshmen adaptation to university life. During freshmen's health examination, we need to identify the degree of anxiety, depression and stress in order to predict maladaptation to university life.
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Background Throughout the past 20 years in the Korean academy of family medicine seasonal conference, on-going study is done to promote overall development and satisfaction of the conference participants and to overlook the trend of the conference subject, the number of classes, the number of participants, etc. Methods: About 2,132 topics during the conference from the year 1992 to 2007 collected from the Korean academy of family medicine website were categorized by subject based on the standard of the contents of the latest textbook. There were a total of 7 main classifi cations including 5 categories like 'principles of family medicine', 'disease prevention and health promotion', 'symptoms', 'clinical procedures', 'diseases' and adding 2 categories such as each committee' classes and other subjects. The scope of the changes of the main and sub-titles were categorized as in the 1990s and 21 century. Results: The number of attendees has increased during the past 20 years, especially the residents were the main portion of the participants. On the proportion of the clinical topics, there was a remarkable increase of geriatric medicine, palliative medicine, obesity, exercise, nutrition, gastroscopy, and colonoscopy procedure in the later half rather than the former half period. In the fi eld of the main category, the core principle subjects of family medicine seemed to be decreased in contrast to disease category. Conclusion: During the last 20 years, the titles of family medicine conference are changing with the trend of practice. The core knowledge of family medicine should be maintained and balanced for the future of family medicine conference.