Citations

• A Reader's View on the Switch of the Publishing Language from Our Native Language to English
  Baek-Nam Kim
  Infection & Chemotherapy.2012; 44(6): 552.     CrossRef

Hypertension is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of secondary hypertension, 10% is known as a common cause of resistant hypertension. Development of diagnostic technology and the aging is likely to be increased of the prevalence. Secondary hypertension, if it is not appropriate etiologic treatment may sometimes be fatal, as well as to the proper treatment be treatable or curable hypertension. Secondary causes of hypertension include a greater prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea, renal parenchymal disease, renovascular disease and primary aldosteronism. Uncommon secondary causes include pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome, hyperparathyroidism and thyroid disease. Clinical clues for secondary hypertension is onset of hypertension in persons younger than age 20 or older than age 50 without family history of hypertension, poor response to therapy, worsening of control in previously stable hypertensive patient, markedly elevated blood pressure or hypertension with severe end-organ damage, presence of abdominal bruit (renal artery stenosis), moon face and abdominal striae (Cushing's syndrome), paroxysmal headaches and palpitations (pheochromocytoma), pronounced hypokalemia due to low dose diuretic therapy (primary aldosteronism), acute renal failure or hypokalemia after initiation of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blocker (renal artery stenosis), hypercalcemia (hyperparathyroidism), snoring and daytime somnolence (obstructive sleep apnea). A combination of a good history and physical examination, astute observation, and accurate interpretation of available data usually are helpful in the diagnosis of a specific causation. This article provides an overview of the range of secondary hypertension, including key clinical features, appropriate diagnostic approach and treatment for primary physician.

Background
Metabolic indexes (blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid) differ depending on lower or upper normal value of obesity indexes (weight, percent-body-fat, and waist circumference) despite normal value. Therefore, we examined metabolic indexes changes across obesity indexes changes. Methods: We analyzed 344 adult men who received routine-checkups with normal weight and waist circumference before and after follow-up. We used multiple-linear-regression to examine associations between changes of obesity indexes and metabolic indexes before and after follow-up. We examined differences of metabolic indexes by t-test and odds ratios of normal or abnormal metabolic indexes by multiple-logistic-regression in groups where obesity indexes were increased and decreased.Results: The mean follow-up was 1.38 ± 0.32 years and there were associations between weight change rate and changes in systolic-blood-pressure (SBP), diastolic-blood-pressure (DBP), triglyceride (TG), and high–density-lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.001, 0.03, 0.001, 0.01), associations between percent-body-fat change and changes in SBP, DBP, fasting-blood-glucose (FBG) and TG (P = 0.02, 0.002, < 0.001, 0.03), and associations between waist circumference change rate and changes in FBG, TG, HDL (P = 0.01, 0.01, 0.02). There were significant SBP and HDL differences in weight decrease and increase groups (P = 0.04, < 0.001), FBG difference in percent-body-fat decrease and increase groups (P = 0.01), and FBG and TG differences in waist circumference decrease/increase groups (P = 0.03, 0.03). As compared with percent-body-fat decrease group, percent-body-fat increase group had odds ratio of FBG ≥ 100 of 2.98 (95% confidential interval [CI], 1.18 to 7.51) with a significance on only FBG of initially normal metabolic components and conversely percent-body-fat decrease group had odds ratio of FBG < 100 of 3.22 (95% CI, 1.21 to 8.60) with a significance on only FBG of initially abnormal metabolic components. Conclusion: Increased obesity indexes even within normal range, could change metabolic indexes.

Background
Proteinuria is a predictor of chronic kidney disease and a common risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have reported that a urinary albumin-creatinine ratio and a glomerular filtration rate was related to the metabolic syndrome. However, there have been few studies on association between the metabolic syndrome and proteinuria by the urine dip-stick test. We examined the association between the metabolic syndrome and the proteinuria by the urine dip-stick test. Methods: The subject of this study included 20,075 adults aged more than 18 years old who visited the Health Promotion Center of the Seoul National University Hospital from April 2001 to March 2007. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria of the American Heart Association and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, and proteinuria was defined as a dipstick test above the '1+' level. The crude and multivariated-adjusted odds ratios of proteinuria were calculated by using logistic regression models with each component of the metabolic syndrome.Results: Proteinuria was noticed in 5.7% of the subjects with metabolic syndrome, and 2.7% without metabolic syndrome. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of proteinuria in participants with elevated blood pressure level, elevated plasma glucose level and high triglyceride level were 2.23 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.95 to 2.55), 2.33 (95% CI, 2.06 to 2.62), 1.64 (95% CI, 1.45 to 1.84). The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of proteinuria in participants with the metabolic syndrome compared with participants without the metabolic syndrome was 2.30 (95% CI, 1.91 to 2.76), respectively.Conclusion: These findings suggest that proteinuria by the urine dip-stick test might be an important predictor in the metabolic syndrome.

Citations

• Analysis of the relationship between components of metabolic syndrome and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
  Yoonjin Park
  Heliyon.2025; 11(4): e42591.     CrossRef
• Mineral Balance and Metabolic Syndrome in Adolescents: Focus on Calcium and Phosphorus Intake
  Yoonjin Park, Jungjin Han
  Healthcare.2021; 9(11): 1525.     CrossRef

Background
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of job characteristics and occupational stress on health related behavior. Methods: Eight thousand five hundred twenty two workers (21-65 years of age) who recruited from a nationwide sample in Korea completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding socio-demographic factors, job characteristics, health-related behaviors such as alcohol consumption, current smoking status & exercise, and occupational stress assessed by Korean Occupational Stress Scale. Multivariate analyses were conducted to analyze the association of occupational stress and job characteristics with health behavior according to gender separately.Results: In male, the problem drinking was positively associated with older age, lower educational level, some industries such as 'transport,' 'wholesale and retail trade' industries, difficult physical environment, insufficient job control, inadequate social support, job insecurity, and organizational injustice. Current smoking was positively associated with younger age, lower educational level, single marital status, lower incomes,'transport' industry and high job demand. The rate of regular exercise was negatively associated with lower incomes, shift works, and the 'electricity, gas and water supply' industies, high job demand, insufficient job control, inadequate social support, job insecurity, and lack of reward. 'Financial institutions and insurance' industry. Conclusion: Occupational stress and certain industrial classification have impact on health related lifestyles in Korean male employees.

Citations

• Health behavior typology and related factors of middle-aged men in single-person households using latent class analysis
  So Hyeon Gweon, Ju Young Yoon
  Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2025; 42(1): 13.     CrossRef
• The Correlation of Work‐Related Stress, Sleep Quality, and Physical Activity Among Academic Staff in a Nigerian Medical School: A Cross‐Sectional Study
  Uzoamaka Nwakaego Akobundu, Sochima Johnmark Obiekwe, Jennifer Ezeigwe, Amaechi Ifeoma Adaigwe, Uchenna Prosper Okonkwo, Ada Jovita Daniel, Christopher Olusanjo Akosile
  Lifestyle Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exercise mediates the effect of job control on body mass index (BMI)
  Alyssa S. Bardin, Keaton A. Fletcher
  Current Psychology.2023; 42(12): 9592.     CrossRef
• Physical Inactivity is Associated with Job Burnout in Health Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic
  Jhoes Naylin R Plaza-Ccuno, Cristabel Vasquez Puri, Yaquelin E Calizaya-Milla, Wilter C Morales-García, Salomon Huancahuire-Vega, Anderson N Soriano-Moreno, Jacksaint Saintila
  Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2023; Volume 16: 725.     CrossRef
• Psychological stress, smoking, and hazardous drinking behaviors in South Korea: findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
  Hyunjoon Lee, Harold H. Lee, Augustine Kang, Yoojin Cha, Don Operario
  Journal of Substance Use.2021; 26(1): 13.     CrossRef
• Job Stress and Cardiometabolic Lifestyle Modification Behaviors Among Workers in High-risk and Low-risk Workplaces
  Jiyeon Jung, Jina Choo, Sooyeon Park, Jihyun Moon, Songwhi Noh
  Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine.2021; 63(6): e346.     CrossRef
• Development and Effects of Smartphone App-Based Walking Exercise Program for Taxi Drivers: Based on Bandura's Self Efficacy Theory
  Yun Ha Choi, Min-Jeong Chae
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2020; 50(2): 242.     CrossRef
• Analysis of the Relationship between the Drinking, Smoking Status and Job Stress of Optometrists: A Focus on the Korean Capital Area (Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon)
  Semi Kim, Jihye Ahn, Moonsung Choi
  Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society.2020; 25(3): 203.     CrossRef
• Relationship between physical activity and job stress among public office workers
  Young-Sook Yook
  Journal of Physical Therapy Science.2020; 32(12): 839.     CrossRef
• Fatigue and poor sleep are associated with driving risk among Korean occupational drivers
  Sooyoung Kwon, Heejung Kim, Gwang Suk Kim, Eunhee Cho
  Journal of Transport & Health.2019; 14: 100572.     CrossRef
• The effects of job characteristics and non-regular work on the toothbrushing habit and oral check-up in Korean worker: using data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KAHANES, 2016)
  Eun-Jung NamKoong, Deuk-Sang Ma
  Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2019; 43(4): 204.     CrossRef
• Association of Occupational Stress and Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Office Workers
  Eun Sun Yoon, Sae Young Jae
  The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2017; 35(1): 48.     CrossRef
• Longitudinal associations between job demands and health behaviors of middle-aged and older male workers
  Yunkyung Jung
  Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2016; 33(5): 13.     CrossRef
• Eating Habit and Stress Status according to Exercising Habits of Middle-Aged Adults in Chungnam
  Se-Yune Kim, Yeon-Ja Seo, Mi-Hyun Kim, Mi-Kyeong Choi
  The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition.2016; 29(1): 43.     CrossRef
• The Impact of Job Stress on Smoking and Cessation of Hospital Male Employee
  JunHyung Lee, Eon Sook Lee, Dong Jun Kim, Seon Young Kweon
  Journal of the Korean Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.2016; 7(1): 19.     CrossRef
• Influencing Factors on Health Promoting Lifestyle of Urban Bus Drivers in Small-sized Companies
  Miju Kim
  Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(4): 363.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Job Stress and Smoking Behaviors among Small Scale Manufacturing Male Workers
  Eun-Sook Shin, Young-Chae Cho
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(12): 8509.     CrossRef
• Association between Working Conditions and Smoking Status among Korean Employees
  Jiyun Kim
  Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(3): 204.     CrossRef
• Characteristics and Factors Associated with Problem Drinking in Male Workers
  Eun Kyung Lee, Ok Soo Kim, Ji Yeon Hong
  Asian Nursing Research.2015; 9(2): 132.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Job Characteristics on Smoking and Mediating Effects of Job Stress among Older Workers
  Sungeun Lee
  Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2014; 31(3): 51.     CrossRef
• Development and Evaluation of Cardiocerebrovascular Disease Prevention Program for Taxi Drivers
  Mi-Yang Jeon, Youngl-SU Song, Hyung-Tae Jung, Jung-Sok Park, Hye-Young Yoon, Eliza Lee
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2013; 14(9): 4437.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Work Hours and Smoking Behaviors in Korean Male Wage Workers
  Sung-Mi Jang, Eun-hee Ha, Hyesook Park, Eunjeong Kim, Kyunghee Jung-Choi
  Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2013; 25(1): 35.     CrossRef
• Health-related Quality of Life and Related Factors in Full-time and Part-time Workers
  Byungsung Kim, Wonjoon Kim, Hyunrim Choi, Changwon Won, Youngshin Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2012; 33(4): 197.     CrossRef
• Development and Evaluation of a Small Group-based Cardiocerebrovascular Disease Prevention Education Program for Male Bus Drivers
  Eun Young Kim, Seon Young Hwang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2012; 42(3): 322.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Occupational Stress and Gastric Disease in Male Workers
  Ho-Seob Lihm, Sang-Hyun Park, Eun-Hee Gong, Jong-Soon Choi, Jung-Won Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2012; 33(5): 311.     CrossRef
• Risk factors related to hazardous alcohol consumption among Korean men with hypertension
  Oksoo Kim, Bo Hye Kim, Hae Ok Jeon
  Nursing & Health Sciences.2012; 14(2): 204.     CrossRef
• Association between Psychosocial Work Environments and Problem Drinking: Age Differences in Korean Male Workers
  Gyeong-Suk Jeon, Eun-Sook Choi
  Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2011; 20(2): 119.     CrossRef

Background
When physicians use the medical terms difficult to understand the meaning, patients regard it as an authority of the physician. It has negative influence on physician-patient relationship and hinders delivering accurate meaning to the patient. The purpose of this research is to investigate what kind of medical terms which meaning is difficult to understand (medical jargon) are used in medical interviews and survey the patients' understanding of the medical terms. Methods: In the preceding study 67 cases of physicians' interviewing with patient were videotaped in the family medicine clinic of a university hospital and they were transcribed from August, 2005 to January, 2007. For this study 60 cases of the transcribed conversations, which interviewing was completely recorded, were assessed for analyzing the content and frequency of medical jargon. The author selected 10 medical terms used in this study's interviews and surveyed the patients' understanding of the medical terms, who visited the family medicine clinic, by questionnaires. Results: In 26 of 60 interviews one or more medical jargon were used by the physician. In 39 of 73 terms (53.4%) the physicians explained meaning of the medical terms to the patient. 213 patients responded to the questionnaires. More than half (median, 55.4%; range, 11.7 to 75.1%) of the respondents expressed that they 'never know' or 'hardly know' the meaning of the medical terms if it was used without explanation. The scores of level of patients' understanding of 10 medical terms significantly increased according to increasing level of income, but the trend is not statistically significant according to increasing age, difference of sex, and level of education. Conclusion: The family physicians used medical jargon in 43.3% of medical interviews, and they explained meaning of the medical terms to the patients for more than half of the terms. More than half of the patients in a university hospital family medicine clinic responded that they never knew or hardly knew meaning of the medical terms if they were used without explanation.

Citations

• Quantifying scientific jargon
  Shannon D. Willoughby, Keith Johnson, Leila Sterman
  Public Understanding of Science.2020; 29(6): 634.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of Korean-Language COVID-19–Related Medical Information on YouTube: Cross-Sectional Infodemiology Study
  Hana Moon, Geon Ho Lee
  Journal of Medical Internet Research.2020; 22(8): e20775.     CrossRef

Background
Korean versions of Fat Phobia Scale (short form) (F-scale), Beliefs About Obese Persons Scale (BAOP), and Attitudes Toward Obese Persons Scale (ATOP) which are scales of rating weight bias were assessed to find out the reliability and validity.Methods: Korean versions of F-scale, BAOP, and ATOP were completed twice by 165 adults (85 males, 80 females; 73 hospital staffs, and 92 teachers). Validity was tested using Spearman correlation and factor analysis. Reliability was analyzed using test-retest analyses (Spearman Rho value).Results: Using factor analyses, F-scale comprised of three factors explaining 55.20% of the total variance, BAOP two factors explaining 53.3% of the total variance, and ATOP six factors explaining 61.61% of the total variance. Spearman correlation between F-scale and ATOP was -0.28 to -0.36 (P < 0.05), suggesting that people who worried about being obese tended to have negative attitudes against obesity. The correlation between F-scale and BAOP was -0.25 to -0.27 (P < 0.05), meaning that people who worried about being obese had a tendency to blame obesity on environmental factors. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.79 to 0.90 for F-scale, 0.34 to 0.38 for BAOP and 0.82 to 0.87 for ATOP. Spearman Rho values were 0.47 for F-scale, 0.50 for BAOP, and 0.47 for ATOP (P < 0.05). The scores of each scale were not related to subjects' sex, BMI, body perception, and weight control efforts, while for ATOP scores older subjects were more likely to have a negative view for obesity (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The Korean version of F-scale, ATOP and BAOP could be considered as a tool to evaluate weight-bias however, further study is needed for appropriate application.

Citations

• From flab to fab: A cross-sectional study for cultural adaptation and validation of the Fat Phobia Scale-Short Form in India
  Kumari Rina, Rosali Bhoi, Anubhav Vindal, Pawanindra Lal
  Journal of Minimal Access Surgery.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ-K)
  Seyoen Park, Kawoun Seo
  Nursing Reports.2023; 13(2): 835.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Obesity Stress, Weight Bias, and Heath Care on BMI in Soldiers of Non-combat Area
  Kyeng Jin Kim, Yeon Kyung Na
  Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2016; 25(3): 199.     CrossRef
• Teachers' Influence on Weight Perceptions in Preschool Children
  Jin Suk Ra, Hyun Jung Yun, Yoon Hee Cho
  Applied Nursing Research.2016; 31: 111.     CrossRef