Various bacteriae, viruses, fungi, parasites may cause community acquired pneumonia and out of them, S. pneumoniae is the most common cause. As finding out causative pathogen in community acquired pneumonia which is common in primary care is often difficult, empiric antibiotic therapy is initiated. For ambulatory patients with community acquired pneumonia: 1) Ղ-lactam alone; 2) combination of Ղ-lactam and macrolides; or 3) respiratory quinolone are recommended. For inpatients without a risk of P. aeruginosa, Ղ-lactam plus macrolide or respiratory fluoroquinolone are recommended. The successful treatment of community-acquired pneumonia requires appropriate, empirical antimicrobial therapy.

Citations

• Comparison of Risk Factors and 30 day-in Hospital mortality of Community-Acquired Pneumonia with Elderly Patients and Adult Patients: Using Secondary Data from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  Jinseon Heo, Youngsuk Kim
  Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2025; 36: 112.     CrossRef
• Regional Health Disparities between Mortality Rates in Three Leading Causes of Death : A Comparative Study of Spatial Dependence in Local Death Rate between Cancer, Heart Disease, and Pneumonia
  Hee-Jung Jun, SeungYeoup Kang
  Journal of Korea Planning Association.2023; 58(2): 38.     CrossRef
• Changes in Respiratory Pathogens before and after the COVID‐19 Pandemic (2018–2021)
  Ki Yeon Kim, Jae Soo Kim, Young Ki Lee, Ga Yeon Kim, Bo Kyeung Jung, Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
  BioMed Research International.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Case Report of Sibak-tang Effectiveness in an Elderly Patient with Sputum and Dysphagia after Conventional Treatment for Pneumonia
  Bo-ra Lim, Young-hwa Park, Jun-ho Cho, Do-ick Kwon
  The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2017; 38(5): 753.     CrossRef

Background
To collect basic data which of conceptions about cold by age, sex, education state, economic state, this survey was carried out in a workers' periodic health examination. Methods: 1,056 workers who are working at the one company were included for this survey from Jun 1 to July 7 2006. We obtained self-reported questionnaire from them. The contents of the questionnaire were the general characteristics of workers, the cause and the management of cold. We analyzed true recognition ratio of conception about cold by age, sex, education state, and economic state. Results: According to sex and economic state, true recognition ratio was not different. According to age, 'Virus', 'Germ', 'Cold weather' were lowest above fifties about the cause of cold. 'Self-limited disease', 'Flu vaccination prevents cold', 'Percussion to chest is helpful to remove sputum', 'Inhaling warm steam is helpful to decrease nasal obstruction', 'Washing hands is helpful to prevent cold', 'Many people crowd in a area are susceptible to cold' were lowest above fifties about the management of cold. According to education state, 'Virus', 'Food' were highest above fifties. Except 'Medicine cures fast', 'Injection therapy cures fast', 'Tonsillectomy prevents cold', the others were highest in the above college education. According to education state by age group, only 'Virus' in the forties and 'Virus, 'Food' in the above fifties were highest. 'Flu vaccination prevents cold' in the twenties, 'Injection therapy cures fast' in the forties, 'Medicine cures fast' and 'Injection therapy cures fast' were lowest in the above college education. Conclusion: Age, education level were significantly related to true recognition ratio of conception about cold. So we had to educate low recognition ratio of conceptions.

Background
Alcoholism screening tests are commonly used in primary medical care. This study examined how much the level of insight of alcohol-dependent patients would impact on the sensitivity of alcoholism screening tests. Methods: The sample consisted of 122 subjects who had been diagnosed with alcohol dependence and who completed Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and CAGE questionnaire. AUDIT positive was defined as a score of 20 points or above and CAGE positive, 3 points or above. Insight level was classified as poor, fair, and good using the Hanil Alcohol Insight Scale (HAIS). Positive rates on the AUDIT and CAGE were analyzed according to the level of insight. Results: In good insight group, the sensitivity of AUDIT and CAGE identified 96.9% and 96.9% of the participants as alcohol dependence, respectively. In fair insight group, those were 92.7% and 96.4%, respectively. However, in poor insight group, these decreased substantially to 62.9% and 65.7%, respectively. After adjusting for general characteristics on the basis of good insight group, we found that the possibility of positive on the AUDIT was significantly lower in poor insight group (Odd ratios [OR], 0.025; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.002 to 0.411). Also, the possibility of positive on the CAGE was significantly lower in poor insight group (OR, 0.016; 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.358). Conclusion: Alcohol-dependent patients with poor insight showed a high rate of false negatives in alcoholism screening tests. These suggest that primary care physicians should be careful in interpreting the results of alcoholism screening tests.

Citations

• Validation of body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis in children according to the degree of obesity
  Young‐Gyun Seo, Jae Hyun Kim, YoonMyung Kim, Hyunjung Lim, Young‐Su Ju, Min Jae Kang, Kwanseop Lee, Hye‐Ja Lee, Han Byul Jang, Sang Ick Park, Kyung Hee Park
  Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports.2018; 28(10): 2207.     CrossRef
• Assessment of body composition by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, bioimpedance analysis and anthropometrics in children: the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study
  Tuomo T. Tompuri, Timo A. Lakka, Mikko Hakulinen, Virpi Lindi, David E. Laaksonen, Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen, Jarmo Jääskeläinen, Hanna‐Maaria Lakka, Tomi Laitinen
  Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging.2015; 35(1): 21.     CrossRef
• Validating a Korean Version of the Drug Abuse Screening Test-10 (DAST-10)
  Yongseok Kim
  Journal of Social Service Research.2014; 40(2): 232.     CrossRef
• Brief Insight-enhancement Intervention among Patients with Alcohol Dependence
  Jin-Gyu Jung, Jong-Sung Kim, Gap-Jung Kim, Mi-Kyeong Oh, Sung-Soo Kim
  Journal of Korean Medical Science.2011; 26(1): 11.     CrossRef

Background
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic recurrent gastrointestinal disorder that may deteriorate life quality significantly. There is no specific way of curing IBS but to rely on symptomatic and supportive treatment as well as changes in lifestyle. Previous studies have suggested that physical exercise might be effective for improving IBS symptoms. However, evidence does not exist for Korean population. This study was performed to evaluate the association of physical activity with IBS. Methods: A total of 706 women nurses with shift work in a university affiliated tertiary hospital were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire asking IBS symptoms (Rome III criteria), depression (Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale), anxiety (Goldberg's Short Screening Scale for Anxiety, GAS), stress (Brief Encounter Psychosocial Instrument), demographic characteristics, and health behavior. The association between IBS and physical activity was examined using chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Prevalence of IBS was 37.5% and the most common subtype of IBS was mixed constipation and diarrhea (70.6%). Neither physical activity nor regular exercise was not associated with IBS. IBS was independently associated with higher level of anxiety (GAS score ≥ 5), tolerable dysmenorrhea, and troublesome dysmenorrhea with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 2.10 (1.37-3.22), 2.83 (1.39-5.75), and 2.56 (1.21-5.40), respectively. Conclusion: In Korean women nurses with shift work, IBS was not associated with physical activity. However, the higher level of anxiety and dysmenorrhea were independently associated with increased risk of IBS.

Citations

• Systematic review with meta‐analysis: the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome
  Mohammad Zamani, Shaghayegh Alizadeh‐Tabari, Vahid Zamani
  Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2019; 50(2): 132.     CrossRef
• Shift Work and Health Problems
  Jungun Lee
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2017; 38(2): 49.     CrossRef
• Impacts of Daily Habits, Health Status, and Health Promoting Behavior on Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome among Female Adolescents
  Hye Young Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2016; 22(2): 96.     CrossRef
• Association Between Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Dietary Habits of the Elderly Aged Over 65
  Sam Cheol Kim, Hyung Ho Choi
  Journal of the Korean Geriatrics Society.2016; 20(2): 94.     CrossRef

Background
Obesity is known to influence on physical, mental, functional health problems but there have been no study of relationship between body mass index (BMI) and quality of life (QOL) in Korean elderly. Methods: A total of 216 elderly who had been attending two geriatric welfare facilities in Seoul answered the Korean version of obesity-related quality of life (KOQOL) questionnaire. Height, weight, waist circumference were measured. Body fat (%) was measured with HTM20 by impedance technique. Sociodemographic and medical factors were interviewed. QOL was assessed using KOQOL (ver.1) after excluding two sexual life related questions and one work related question. The total score is 48 points. The higher is the score, the poorer is the QOL. Results: In multivariable analysis, BMI, age, history of diabetes mellitus, history of osteoarthritis were associated with KOQOL score. Especially, BMI was significantly associated with KOQOL score after adjusting for waist circumference, body fat (%) (P = 0.002). Conclusion: The more BMI increases, the worse the obesity related QOL is in Korean ambulatory elderly.

Citations

• Affecting Factors for Dietary, Exercise and Behavioral Modification of Women on Diet Improvement through Mediating Effects of Improve the Quality of Life
  Yoojin Oh
  Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology.2023; 21(1): 29.     CrossRef
• Factors Affecting the Deterioration of the Physical Health Status of Taxi Drivers by Age Group
  Jongsun Ok, Kyonghwa Kang, Hyeongsu Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(6): 3429.     CrossRef
• Efficacy and safety of Euiiyin-tang in Korean women with obesity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial
  Chunhoo Cheon, Yun-Kyung Song, Seong-Gyu Ko
  Complementary Therapies in Medicine.2020; 51: 102423.     CrossRef
• The associations between body mass index (BMI) and life satisfaction among older adults: Focusing on mediating effects of depressive symptoms
  Hae Sook Jeon
  Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion.2019; 36(3): 83.     CrossRef
• Association between body mass index and health-related quality of life among Chinese elderly—evidence from a community-based study
  Hua You, Xiao-lu Li, Kang-zhen Jing, Zhi-guang Li, Hong-mei Cao, Jin Wang, Lan Bai, Jing-hong Gu, Xiaoman Fan, Hai Gu
  BMC Public Health.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Euiiyin-tang in the treatment of obesity: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
  Chunhoo Cheon, Soobin Jang, Jeong-Su Park, Youme Ko, Doh Sun Kim, Byung Hoon Lee, Hyun Jong Song, Yun-Kyung Song, Bo-Hyoung Jang, Yong-Cheol Shin, Seong-Gyu Ko
  Trials.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors affecting aging cognitive function among community‐dwelling older adults
  Chun‐Ja Kim, JeeWon Park, Se‐Won Kang, Elizabeth A. Schlenk
  International Journal of Nursing Practice.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association between Body Mass Index and Quality of Life in Elderly People over 60 Years of Age
  Gyeongsil Lee, Jiyoung Park, Seung-Won Oh, Hee-Kyung Joh, Seung-Sik Hwang, Jeehyun Kim, Danbee Park
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2017; 38(4): 181.     CrossRef
• Body Mass Index (BMI)-Related Factors of Community-Dwelling Elders: Comparison between Early and Late Elderly People
  Hye Sun Hyun, In Sook Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2013; 24(1): 62.     CrossRef

Background
It has been reported that the abdominal obesity can cause various metabolic abnormalities not only in adults but also in adolescents. This study was conducted to investigate lifestyle habits related to abdominal obesity in Korean adolescents. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study on 561 adolescents (305 boys and 256 girls) aged 12-18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005. The abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference at or above the 90th percentile for each age and gender based on the 2007 growth chart for Korean children. The frequency of physical activity, screen time, and the intake amount of energy and macronutrients were investigated as lifestyle habits. Results: The prevalence of abdominal obesity in Korean adolescents aged 12-18 years was 9.1% (Boys, 9.4%; Girls, 8.7%). The mean of daily screen time was 4.3 ± 0.1 hours (Boys, 4.4 ± 0.2 hours; Girls, 4.2 ± 0.2 hours). The subjects with daily screen time ≥ 5 hours had a 3.0 times increased risk of abdominal obesity compared to subjects with daily screen time < 3 hours (P-value = 0.004). The adjusted odds ratio of fat intake ≥ 35% of energy was 2.57 (95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 5.68; P-value = 0.020) with fat intake < 25% of energy as reference. The relationship between long screen time and abdominal obesity was observed in girls and high fat intake was related to abdominal obesity in boys. Conclusion: This study shows that abdominal obesity in Korean adolescents is associated to long screen time and high fat intake.

Citations

• Analysis of risk factors affecting obesity in Korean adolescents: based on the 2017–2020 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey
  Joon Young Kim, Kyungchul Song, Youngha Choi, Byung-Sun Choi, Hyun Wook Chae
  Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Macronutrients modified dietary intervention in the management of overweight/obese children and adolescents: a systematic review
  Jihyun Park, Oh Yoen Kim
  Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2024; 67(4): 191.     CrossRef
• Association between sedentary behavior, screen time and metabolic syndrome among Chinese children and adolescents
  Xue Cheng, Qiya Guo, Lahong Ju, Weiyi Gong, Xiaoqi Wei, Xiaoli Xu, Liyun Zhao, Hongyun Fang
  BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Relationship between Obesity and Lifestyle Factors in Young Korean Women: the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016
  Jeon Won Kwak, Chan Hee Jeon, Min Ho Kwak, Jeong Hyeon Kim, Yong Soon Park
  Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2019; 19(1): 9.     CrossRef
• Is it Time to Adopt Information Technology in Play Therapy?
  Aram Lee, Mi Ae Oh, Jin Cheol Park, Se Young Jin, Ram Hwangbo, Seong Woo Cho, Geon Ho Bahn
  Psychoanalysis.2017; 28(2): 28.     CrossRef
• The Role of Uncontrolled Eating and Screen Time in the Link of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with Weight in Late Childhood
  Joung-Sook Ahn, Seongho Min, Min-Hyuk Kim
  Psychiatry Investigation.2017; 14(6): 808.     CrossRef
• Eating habits, physical activity, nutrition knowledge, and self-efficacy by obesity status in upper-grade elementary school students
  Seong Ah Ha, Seo Yeon Lee, Kyung A Kim, Jung Sook Seo, Cheong Min Sohn, Hae Ryun Park, Kyung Won Kim
  Nutrition Research and Practice.2016; 10(6): 597.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Lifestyle Factors on Metabolic Syndrome among Adolescents
  Hanju Lee
  Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2014; 28(2): 270.     CrossRef
• Increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome among hypertensive population
  So-Ryoung Lee, Myung-Jin Cha, Do-Yoon Kang, Kyu-Chul Oh, Dong-Ho Shin, Hae-Young Lee
  International Journal of Cardiology.2013; 166(3): 633.     CrossRef
• A Study of Body Composition, Dietary Behavior, and Exercise among Students at Women's Colleges
  Ji-Yon Eom, Duk-Yoo Jung
  Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2012; 26(1): 28.     CrossRef
• Obesity Index and Related Factors among Elementary School Students Visiting Pediatric Department of General Hospital
  Hwan-Hee Lee, Soo-Kyong Choi, Jung-Sook Seo
  Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association.2012; 18(2): 186.     CrossRef