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Volume 43(3); May 2022

Editorial

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Review Articles

Preventive Measures against the Development of Dementia in Old Age
Israel Oluwasegun Ayenigbara
Korean J Fam Med 2022;43(3):157-167.   Published online May 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.21.0030
Dementia is a neurological condition characterized by numerous types of central nervous system diseases, which gradually deteriorates an individual’s reasoning, rational thinking, and judgment abilities. As a serious public health concern that currently affects more than 50 million older adults, dementia is one of the most significant causes of incapacity, disability, and dependency among older adults. As new cases are expected to increase exponentially in the next three decades, dementia, which is not a normal feature of healthy aging despite the fact that it generally affects older adults disproportionately, requires enormous management and care efforts due to its associated socioeconomic, psychological, and physical burdens that involve the patient, their caregivers, guardians, family members, and society at large. Presently, there is no cure for dementia; however, this condition could be prevented. This narrative review aimed to provide a broad overview of studies detailing the alternative lifestyle modification-centered preventive measures against dementia. A comprehensive search of key databases to find articles related to this topic revealed that participating in regular physical activities, healthy eating and dieting, avoiding all forms of smoking, avoiding air pollutants, halting or reducing alcohol consumption, exercising the mind and being socially dynamic, getting enough rest and establishing good sleeping habits, infection prevention, stress prevention, avoidance of injuries, preventing the effects of social isolation and lockdowns, continuing education, and depression prevention are protective measures against the development of dementia.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Guidelines for nutrition counseling in primary healthcare clinics
    Gyeongsil Lee, Seung-Won Oh
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 278.     CrossRef
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    Xiaowen Cao, Yao Dong, Li Xing, Xuekui Zhang
    BioMedInformatics.2023; 3(1): 141.     CrossRef
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    Sung Sunwoo
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 772.     CrossRef
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  • 128 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
Current Status of the National Health Screening Programs in South Korea
Hee-Taik Kang
Korean J Fam Med 2022;43(3):168-173.   Published online May 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.22.0052
A health check-up is one of the best ways to prevent diseases and maintain health by screening for risk factors and diagnosing diseases early. As the burden of illness shifts from infectious to chronic diseases, the importance of health check-ups is emphasized. Korean health authorities began the National Health Screening Programs (NHSPs) for public servants and private school staff in 1980. The NHSP is composed of the National Cancer Screening Programs (NCSPs) and general health checkups. NCSPs, started in 1999, included screenings for stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and uterine cervical cancers, and they may have contributed to the improved cancer survival rate from 42.9% in 1993–1995 to 77.5% in 2013–2017 in Korea. General health check-ups included lifestyle questionnaires, anthropometric measurements; blood pressure measurement; visual acuity test; hearing test; laboratory tests including fasting glucose, lipid profile, liver function tests, creatinine, and urinalysis; and, chest radiography. Additionally, bone density, cognitive function, and depression were assessed. Testing for non-communicable diseases has improved the control rates of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Favorable changes in the risk factors for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases may lead to a decline in age-standardized mortality and heart disease over several decades. However, many areas of the programs need to be improved. NHSPs should be designed on the basis of individual health conditions, medical needs, and scientific evidence. Greater opportunities to receive NHSPs should be provided to socioeconomically vulnerable individuals. In addition, stricter quality control of NHSPs is required. Follow-up management after the NHSPs should be systematized. In conclusion, NHSPs have contributed to the improvement of public health; however, several aspects of these programs must be addressed.

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    Journal of Gynecologic Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Marie Yan, Brooke Fraser, Eric McArthur, Matty Mehrabi, Sarah K. Brode, Theodore K. Marras
    CHEST.2024; 165(3): 521.     CrossRef
  • Association between long working hours and engagement in preventive healthcare services in Korean workers: Findings from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Seong-Uk Baek, Yu-Min Lee, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Preventive Medicine.2024; 180: 107849.     CrossRef
  • Extrahepatic Malignancies Are the Leading Cause of Death in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B without Cirrhosis: A Large Population-Based Cohort Study
    Young Eun Chon, Sung Jun Park, Man Young Park, Yeonjung Ha, Joo Ho Lee, Kwan Sik Lee, Eileen L. Yoon, Dae Won Jun
    Cancers.2024; 16(4): 711.     CrossRef
  • Risk of Cardiovascular Disease according to Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level in Different Age Groups in Korean Diabetes Population: A Cohort Study
    Tae Kyung Yoo, Kyung-Do Han, Eun-Jung Rhee, Won-Young Lee
    Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2024; 48(2): 265.     CrossRef
  • Temporal Trend in Uptake of the National General Health Checkups and Cancer Screening Program among Korean Women with Breast Cancer
    Thi Xuan Mai Tran, Soyeoun Kim, Chihwan Cha, Boyoung Park
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(2): 522.     CrossRef
  • Age-specific association of physical activity on visceral obesity: Cross-sectional study
    Hana Moon, Yoon Jeong Cho, Yun-A Kim, Min Jeong Ju
    Obesity Medicine.2024; 48: 100542.     CrossRef
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    BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Insurance Types and All-Cause Mortality in Korean Cancer Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
    Jinyoung Shin, Yoon-Jong Bae, Hee-Taik Kang
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(8): 861.     CrossRef
  • Disparities in Overall Survival Rates for Cancers across Income Levels in the Republic of Korea
    Su-Min Jeong, Kyu-Won Jung, Juwon Park, Hyeon Ji Lee, Dong Wook Shin, Mina Suh
    Cancers.2024; 16(16): 2923.     CrossRef
  • Association between life satisfaction, self-esteem, and health checkup participation: A population-based longitudinal study in South Korea
    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon
    Preventive Medicine.2024; 189: 108127.     CrossRef
  • Regional Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cancer Screening
    Jongho Park, Yeaeun Kim, Jae-Hyun Park
    Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health.2024; 36(8): 760.     CrossRef
  • The effect of the expansion of the Personal Assistance Service Program on the uptake of the National Health Screening in people with severe disability
    Woorim Kim, Mingee Choi, Jaeyong Shin
    Journal of Public Health.2024; 46(4): 537.     CrossRef
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    Jianjiu Chen, Piero Dalerba, Mary Beth Terry, Wan Yang
    Journal of Global Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A 5-Year Mortality Prediction Model for Prostate Cancer Patients Based on the Korean Nationwide Health Insurance Claims Database
    Joungyoun Kim, Yong-Hoon Kim, Yong-June Kim, Hee-Taik Kang
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(10): 1058.     CrossRef
  • Health screening disparities in people living with HIV; A nationwide organized screening setting
    Boyoung Park, Yoonyoung Jang, Taehwa Kim, Yunsu Choi, Kyoung Hwan Ahn, Jung Ho Kim, Hye Seong, Youn Jeong Kim, Jun Yong Choi, Joon Young Song, Shin-Woo Kim, Sang Il Kim
    Journal of Infection and Public Health.2024; 17(12): 102567.     CrossRef
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    Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon
    General Hospital Psychiatry.2024; 91: 180.     CrossRef
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    Tai-Yi Hsu, Jhu-Jing Ye, Sih-Yun Ye, Hsiao-Yuan Tseng, Wen-Yu Chou, Pei-Tseng Kung, Wen-Chen Tsai
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    Ghazaleh Fazli, Malieheh Arab, Samaneh Saraeian, Behnaz Ghavami, Behnaz Nouri, Tayebeh Jahede Bozorgan
    Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Eun Hyo Jin, Kyungdo Han, Cheol Min Shin, Dong Ho Lee, Seung Joo Kang, Joo Hyun Lim, Yoon Jin Choi
    Journal of Clinical Oncology.2023; 41(22): 3816.     CrossRef
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    Heliyon.2023; 9(6): e17428.     CrossRef
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    Gyerim Park, Jihye Kim, Sung Hak Lee, Younghoon Kim
    World Journal of Clinical Cases.2023; 11(28): 6967.     CrossRef
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    Predrag Bejakovic, Romina P Družeta, Ohmin Kwon
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    Yong-June Kim, Seung Park, Won Tae Kim, Yoon-Jong Bae, Yonghwan Kim, Hee-Taik Kang
    Medicine.2023; 102(47): e36184.     CrossRef
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    Cancers.2023; 15(24): 5898.     CrossRef
  • Colon Cancer Screening—Is It Necessary to Start under the Age of 50?
    Jongbeom Shin
    Journal of Digestive Cancer Research.2023; 11(3): 141.     CrossRef
  • Prediction Model for Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Using Korean Public Health Examination Data (2002–2017)
    Yong Whi Jeong, Yeojin Jung, Hoyeon Jeong, Ji Hye Huh, Ki-Chul Sung, Jeong-Hun Shin, Hyeon Chang Kim, Jang Young Kim, Dae Ryong Kang
    Diagnostics.2022; 12(8): 1967.     CrossRef
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  • 37 Crossref
Original Articles
Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation for the Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections in Offspring: A Meta-Analysis
Zaharah Sulaiman, Norhayati Mohd Noor, Shaiful Bahari Ismail, Anis Syahirah Far’ain Mohd Lukman, Muhammad Irfan, Nik Hazlina Nik Hussain
Korean J Fam Med 2022;43(3):174-182.   Published online May 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.21.0029
Background
Vitamin D may enhance immune system function and provide a protective effect against infections. Feto-maternal circulation plays an important role in supplying the developing fetus with nutrients and antibodies for its development and health during pregnancy and for its early years of life after birth. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the effectiveness of maternal vitamin D supplementation in preventing respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children.
Methods
We searched the Central and MEDLINE databases and went through all the reference lists in the related articles. We also searched for ongoing trials at http://www.who.int/ictrp/en/ and www.clinicaltrials.gov. Randomized controlled trials comparing vitamin D supplementation with a placebo or no treatment in pregnant women published in the English language up to March 2019 were included. Two reviewers extracted data independently using a predefined protocol and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, with differences agreed upon by consensus. The predefined primary outcome was the number of offspring who had RTIs. The secondary outcome was the presence of measurable serum immunoglobulin E levels.
Results
Three trials involving 3,224 participants (mother–child pairs) met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The present analysis reported that maternal supplementation with vitamin D had no effect on RTIs among children (n=1,486 offspring; risk ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–1.11; random effects; I2 statistics, 0%).
Conclusion
Maternal vitamin D supplementation had no effect on RTIs in children. Therefore, consideration of other prevention methods in this regard is recommended.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Women’s Health and Primary Care
    Seung-Won Oh
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2024; 45(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Respiratory Infections in Children under 6 Years Old: A Systematic Review
    Larisa Mihaela Marusca, Gowry Reddy, Mihaela Blaj, Reshmanth Prathipati, Ovidiu Rosca, Felix Bratosin, Iulia Bogdan, Razvan Mihai Horhat, Gabriela-Florentina Tapos, Daniela-Teodora Marti, Monica Susan, Raja Akshay Pingilati, Florin George Horhat, Mavrea A
    Diseases.2023; 11(3): 104.     CrossRef
  • Maternal vitamin D intakes during pregnancy and child health outcome
    Erdenebileg Nasantogtokh, Davaasambuu Ganmaa, Shirchinjav Altantuya, Bayarsaikhan Amgalan, Davaasambuu Enkhmaa
    The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.2023; 235: 106411.     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation in Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections in Children
    Soo Young Kim
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2022; 43(3): 155.     CrossRef
  • 4,053 View
  • 99 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
COVID-19 Patients with Mild Symptoms or without Symptom Using Residential Treatment Center Model
Song Yi Kim, Ji Young Kim, Gyeongsil Lee, Jae Moon Yun, BeLong Cho
Korean J Fam Med 2022;43(3):183-187.   Published online October 28, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.21.0123
Background
The rapid rise in coronavirus disease worldwide has drastically limited the availability of hospital facilities for patients. Residential treatment centers were opened in South Korea for the admission of asymptomatic or patients with mild symptoms. This study discusses the appropriateness of the admission criteria set by the centers in a pandemic situation, the prioritization of patients for admission, and ways to minimize the risk of self-isolation.
Methods
A total of 217 low-risk patients (n=217) were admitted to the Nowon Residential Treatment Center between August 22 and October 14, 2020. The following criteria were met at the time of admission: patients (1) were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms, (2) had either a controlled or no underlying chronic disease, and (3) did not need oxygen treatment. Among them, 202 patients who were eligible for inclusion in the study were retrospectively investigated through periodic interviews.
Results
Of the 202 patients, 153 satisfied the criteria for symptomatic isolation standards, and 25 for asymptomatic isolation standards. The clinical conditions of 24 patients were aggravated, and these patients were transferred to other hospitals, among which 12 had persistent fever and 13 were suffering dyspnea with oxygen saturation (SpO2) <95%.
Conclusion
In the event of another large-scale epidemic, it would be appropriate to prioritize accommodating patients who are elderly or have underlying diseases and self-isolate young patients with no underlying diseases and provide them with SpO2 meters and thermometers to self-measure SpO2 and body temperature.
  • 13,096 View
  • 105 Download
The Effect of Adding Honey to Zinc in the Treatment of Diarrhea in Children
Abolfazl Mahyar, Parviz Ayazi, Mohammad Reza Shaftaroni, Sonia Oveisi, Reza Dalirani, Shiva Esmaeili
Korean J Fam Med 2022;43(3):188-192.   Published online November 2, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.21.0080
Background
Honey has been used in medicine since ancient times. Limited reports are available to indicate its antibacterial, antiviral, and antidiarrheal properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of honey on acute diarrhea in children.
Methods
This randomized clinical trial included 80 children with acute diarrhea. Forty children received honey and zinc gluconate (trial group) and 40 received only zinc gluconate (control group). After treatment, vomiting/diarrhea duration, the recovery time, and the duration of hospitalization were compared between the groups.
Results
Among the 40 children in the trial group, 19 were male and 21 were female. In the control group, 25 children were male and 15 female (P=0.26). After initiating treatment, the duration of diarrhea, recovery time, and the duration of hospitalization was significantly shorter in the trial group than in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion
This study showed that honey with zinc gluconate reduces the duration of diarrhea, accelerates the recovery time, and shortens the duration of hospitalization.

Citations

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  • Honey as a Natural Antimicrobial
    Matthew Chidozie Ogwu, Sylvester Chibueze Izah
    Antibiotics.2025; 14(3): 255.     CrossRef
  • Guidelines for nutrition counseling in primary healthcare clinics
    Gyeongsil Lee, Seung-Won Oh
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 278.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Anti-Diarrheal Activities of the 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Maesa lanceolata Forssk (Myrsinaceae) Leaves in Mice
    Alemayehu Megersa, Beyene Dereje, Meaza Adugna, Kefyalew Ayalew Getahun, Eshetie Birru
    Journal of Experimental Pharmacology.2023; Volume 15: 391.     CrossRef
  • Application of Honey Therapy to Decrease Stool Frequency in Children with Diarrhea: A Case Study
    Nehemia Mutiara Saragih, Kurniawati Kurniawati, Nia Khusniyati, Fathul Jannah
    Journal of Health Sciences and Epidemiology.2023; 1(3): 93.     CrossRef
  • Complementary Honey Therapy To Reduce The Frequency Of Diarrhea In Toddlers: Literature Review
    Uci Nurhayati Puspita, Abdul Muhith, Chilyatiz Zahro
    Journal of Applied Nursing and Health.2023; 5(2): 245.     CrossRef
  • 5,294 View
  • 223 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref
A Positive Association between the Atherogenic Index of Plasma and White Matter Hyperintensity
Hyun-Suk Kwon, Jun-Seong Ko, Jun-Hyuk Lee, Kil-Young Kwon, Jee-Hye Han
Korean J Fam Med 2022;43(3):193-198.   Published online May 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.21.0129
Background
White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is a risk factor for dementia and ischemic stroke. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a simple and cost-effective marker for the prediction of various vascular diseases. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between AIP and WMH in adults without cerebrovascular accidents.
Methods
We analyzed the data of 281 adults, aged ≥26 years, who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the health promotion center of an education hospital between January 2014 and December 2018. Participants were divided into three categories according to tertiles of the AIP scores (T1: <0.20; T2: 0.20–0.48; and T3: >0.48). WMH was defined as a modified Fazekas scale score of 1–3 on brain MRI. A cubic spline curve was used to determine the linearity of the relationship between AIP and WMH. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the AIP and WMH.
Results
The prevalence of WMH was 45.7% in T1, 57.0% in T2, and 66.0% in T3 (T3 vs. T1, P for post-hoc analysis=0.005). The increased odds of WMH were associated with increased AIP. The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for WMH of T2 and T3 compared with T1 were 1.57 (0.88–2.80) and 2.30 (1.28–4.14), respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, the OR with a 95% CI for WMH in the T2 and T3 groups vs. the referent T1 were 1.55 (0.76–3.13) and 2.27 (1.06–4.84), respectively.
Conclusion
AIP is independently and positively associated with WMH in a healthy population.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Triglyceride glucose index and Atherogenic index of plasma for predicting colorectal neoplasms in patients without cardiovascular diseases
    Muzhou Han, Hao Wang, Shuyue Yang, Siying Zhu, Guiping Zhao, Haiyun Shi, Peng Li
    Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,043 View
  • 91 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
Background
Evidence regarding the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and insulin resistance in a non-diabetic population is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the association between relative HGS and insulin resistance in older men without diabetes, using a representative sample of the Korean male population.
Methods
The study population comprised 206 participants aged 65–80 years, selected from the 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Insulin resistance was defined as the upper tertile of the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for insulin resistance were assessed using multiple logistic regression analyses after adjusting for confounding variables.
Results
The prevalence of insulin resistance decreased with increasing relative HGS. The prevalence in the T1, T2, and T3 groups was 46.0%, 32.2%, and 26.4%, respectively. Compared with the individuals in the highest tertile of relative HGS, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for insulin resistance in individuals in the lowest quartile was 2.82 (1.10–7.21) after adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, residential area, household income, and education level.
Conclusion
Lower relative HGS was inversely associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance in older Korean men without diabetes. In clinical practice, relative HGS, which is a simple and inexpensive tool, could be a useful measure for identifying older men with insulin resistance. Moreover, these findings suggest that muscle strengthening exercises should be considered to reduce insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity.

Citations

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  • Analysis of Handgrip Strength with Insulin Resistance in Male and Female Indonesian Adults
    Liong Boy Kurniawan, Sabilla Sheridan, Andi Wali Syafaat, Andi Ainun Zulkiah Surur, Naurah Nadhifah, Ichlas Nanang Afandi, Andi Ariyandy, Muhammad Iqbal Basri, Aminuddin Aminuddin
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    Yun Jun Yang
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 265.     CrossRef
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    Jiyoung Hwang, Hyesook Kim, Oran Kwon
    Nutrition.2024; 125: 112491.     CrossRef
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    Joana da Costa d'Avila, Talel Georges Moreira El Nabbout, Hayfa Georges Moreira El Nabbout, Aline dos Santos Silva, Antonio Carlos Barbosa Ramos, Eliana Rosa da Fonseca, Aluana Santana Carlos, Rodrigo de Azeredo Siqueira
    Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Handgrip strength in type 2 diabetics and nondiabetics: A comparative cross-sectional study among adults in rural Mysore
    Deepak ANIL, M. RAKESH, Shabeena AKBAR, Vijaylakshmi Rao VADAGA, D. Sunil KUMAR
    Journal of Integrative Nursing.2024; 6(3): 150.     CrossRef
  • Association of relative handgrip strength on the development of diabetes mellitus in elderly Koreans
    Yeo Ju Sohn, Hong Soo Lee, Hasuk Bae, Hee Cheol Kang, Hyejin Chun, Insun Ryou, Eun Jee Chang, Sungchan Kang, Sang Wha Lee, Kyung Won Shim, Mario Ulises Pérez-Zepeda
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(10): e0309558.     CrossRef
  • Association between handgrip strength and mortality risk among cardiovascular disease patients: A cohort study from the NHANES 2011–2014
    Zhengjie Qin, Youhua Guo, Weilin Yang, Zhuoran Kuang, Guoming Li
    Journal of the Formosan Medical Association.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia among patients undergoing hemodialysis
    Ting Xiang, Ping Fu, Li Zhou
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Relationships of neck circumference and abdominal obesity with insulin resistance considering relative handgrip strength in middle-aged and older individuals
    Kayoung Lee
    Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2023; 114: 105097.     CrossRef
  • 5,035 View
  • 114 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref
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