Korean Journal of Family Medicine

"Whan-Seok Choi"

Original Article

Low Muscle Strength as Risk Factor for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Different Metabolic Conditions: Hye-Sun Rho, Whan-Seok Choi; Korean J Fam Med 2024;45(2):89-95. Published online November 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0118

Abstract
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Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) recently became a leading liver disease that threatens health worldwide. Low muscle strength, obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome are recognized key factors for NAFLD. However, the impact of low muscle strength itself in different metabolic conditions has not been widely studied.
Methods
A cross-sectional analysis was performed of a sample of 5,427 participants from the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Relative handgrip strength (rHGS, defined as handgrip strength/body mass index) was used to assess muscle strength. The cut-off values for a low rHGS were 1.405 for men and 0.850 for women. NAFLD was diagnosed if the Hepatic Steatosis Index was >36. Participants were stratified according to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and central obesity for the subgroup analyses.
Results
Complex sample multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between low muscle strength and NAFLD after the adjustment for other confounders (odds ratio [OR], 1.92; P<0.001). In the insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and central obesity subgroups, a significant association between low muscle strength and NAFLD remained (OR, 1.66–4.19 depending on subgroup; all P<0.05), whereas it did not in the no central obesity group.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that low muscle strength is correlated with a risk of NAFLD. This relationship was independent of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome but was dependent on the presence of central obesity.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Possible association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease predictors and hand grip strength
Suyeon Lee, Jong-Koo Kim, Taesic Lee
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Association Between Relative Grip Strength, Insulin Resistance, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
DooYong Park, Byungul Lim, On Lee
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The impact of appendicular skeletal muscle index and trunk muscle index on stress urinary incontinence risk in female adults: a retrospective study
Junwei Wang, Cunming Zhang, Aiwei Zhang
Frontiers in Nutrition.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Joint Association of Relative Grip Strength and Regular Exercise Participation with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study
Sujung Yoo, Dooyong Park
The Korean Journal of Sports Medicine.2024; 42(4): 262. CrossRef

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Review Articles

Exercise Strategies to Prevent Hypoglycemia in Patients with Diabetes: Ah Reum Jung, Hyunah Kim, Hun-Sung Kim, Churlmin Kim, Whan-Seok Choi; Korean J Fam Med 2021;42(2):91-95. Published online May 13, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.19.0043

Abstract
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The importance of adopting healthy exercise routines has been repeatedly emphasized to individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, knowledge about the risk of exercise-induced hypoglycemia is limited. Regular exercise reduces and delays the onset of DM-related complications particularly in individuals who already have DM. However, an excessive exercise can lead to hypoglycemia. Excessive exercise in the evening can cause hypoglycemia while sleeping. Furthermore, if individuals with DM want to have a greater amount of exercise, the exercise duration rather than intensity must be increased. In weight resistance exercises, it is beneficial to first increase the number of repetitions, followed by the number of sets and gradually the weight of resistance. When performing intermittent high-intensity training within a short time period, hypoglycemia may develop for an extended period after exercise. In addition to adjusting exercise regimens, the medication doses must be modified accordingly. Delaying exercise, adjusting the number of snacks consumed prior to exercise, reducing insulin dose before exercise, and injecting insulin into the abdomen rather than the limbs prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia prior to a spontaneous exercise. Ultimately, with personal knowledge on how to prevent hypoglycemia, the effects of exercise can be maximized in individuals with DM, and a healthy lifestyle can prevent future complications.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for Sweat‐Based Potassium Ion and Glucose Detection in Exercise Health Monitoring
Lei Ma, Wenhao Hou, Zhi Ji, Ziheng Sun, Muxi Li, Bolin Lian
ChemistryOpen.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Management of Glycemia during Acute Aerobic and Resistance Training in Patients with Diabetes Type 1: A Croatian Pilot Study
Marul Ivandic, Maja Cigrovski Berkovic, Klara Ormanac, Dea Sabo, Tea Omanovic Kolaric, Lucija Kuna, Vjera Mihaljevic, Silvija Canecki Varzic, Martina Smolic, Ines Bilic-Curcic
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(6): 4966. CrossRef
Minimizing Hypoglycemia with Insulin Therapy
Gagan Priya, Emmy Grewal
Chronicle of Diabetes Research and Practice.2022; 1(2): 76. CrossRef

6,620 View
206 Download
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Increasing Individual Target Glucose Levels to Prevent Hypoglycemia in Patients with Diabetes: Juyoung Shin, Hyunah Kim, Hun-Sung Kim, Churlmin Kim, Whan-Seok Choi; Korean J Fam Med 2021;42(4):269-273. Published online January 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.19.0161

Abstract
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Hypoglycemia is one of the severe complications of diabetes. To prevent hypoglycemia, an emphasis is placed on maintaining an appropriate balance between nutrition, activity, and treatment, which can be achieved by the repetition of self-trials based on self-monitoring. Clinicians routinely focus on patients’ contribution, including timely intake of an adequate amount of carbohydrates, physical activity, antidiabetic medication, and abstinence from alcohol. Recently, many guidelines have highlighted the importance of clinicians’ factors and recommend individualized treatments according to lifestyle patterns and specific needs following the de-intensification of treatment. The optimal value of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels for blood glucose level regulation remains controversial among countries, but it generally does not exceed 8.0%. In populations that are at a risk of hypoglycemia, such as the older adults, it is advisable to adjust the target blood glucose level to less than 8.0%. Meanwhile, a blood glucose level of 7.0%–7.5% is generally recommended for healthy older adults. If the expected lifetime is shorter than 10 years or in patients with chronic kidney disease and severe cardiovascular disease, the HbA1c level target can be increased to 7.5%–8.0%. For even shorter lifetime expectancy, the target can be adjusted up to 8.0%–9.0%. To prevent hypoglycemia, the target blood glucose level needs to be adjusted, particularly in older adult patients. Ultimately, it is important to identify the maximum blood glucose levels that do not cause hypoglycemia and the minimum blood glucose levels that do not cause hyperglycemia-associated complications.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Initiating an Insulin Safety Campaign to reduce the incidence of glycemic harm events for hospitalized adults 65 and older
Michelle Cohen, Kristen de Grandpre, William M. Herlihy, Lise Cooper
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.2025; 73(2): 602. CrossRef
Hyperglycaemia aversion in type 1 diabetes: A grounded theory study
Vicky McKechnie, Nick Oliver, Stephanie A. Amiel, John R. E. Fox
British Journal of Health Psychology.2024; 29(1): 254. CrossRef
Review—Glucose Monitoring Sensors: History, Principle, and Challenges
Yanzhen Jing, Shwu Jen Chang, Ching-Jung Chen, Jen-Tsai Liu
Journal of The Electrochemical Society.2022; 169(5): 057514. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Association of Lung Function with Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level according to the Presence of Past Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Korean Adults: Min Sung Kim, Chang-Jin Choi, Kyung Min Kwon, Kyung-Soo Kim, Whan-Seok Choi, Yoon Jee Oh; Korean J Fam Med 2019;40(2):93-99. Published online December 4, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.17.0083

Abstract
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Background
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) infection and the treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level and lung function in Korean adults according to whether or not there is a history of PTB.
Methods
The data for subjects aged 19 years or older from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2012 who underwent spirometry, chest radiography, and serum 25(OH)D level measurement were analyzed.
Results
Evidence of past PTB infection was found in 1,482 (9.6%) of 15,516 subjects. The serum 25(OH)D level was lower in the group with past PTB than in the non-PTB group (P=0.013). Respiratory dysfunction was more common in the past PTB group than in the non-PTB group (restrictive pattern, 14.0% vs. 9.6%; obstructive pattern, 29.6% vs. 8.2%; both P<0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, height, and season, the mean difference in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) between the highest and lowest quartiles of 25(OH)D was 100.2 mL (standard error=49.3 mL, P for trend=0.049) in the past PTB group and 34.7 mL (standard error=13.6 mL, P=0.009) in the nonPTB group.
Conclusion
FEV1 tended to increase as the vitamin D quartile increased in both study groups. This relationship was more pronounced in subjects with a history of PTB. A higher serum 25(OH)D level might be beneficial in preserving lung function after PTB infection.

Citations

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Post-pulmonary tuberculosis lung function: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Associating the blood vitamin A, C, D and E status with tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
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Food & Function.2022; 13(9): 4825. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Maternal Vitamin D Supplementation in Preventing Respiratory Tract Infections in Children
Soo Young Kim
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2022; 43(3): 155. CrossRef
Decreased lung function is associated with vitamin D deficiency in apparently health, middle aged Koreans: the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study
Jonghoo Lee, Hye Kyeong Park, Min-Jung Kwon, Soo-Youn Ham, Si-Young Lim, Jae-Uk Song
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition.2021; 75(3): 501. CrossRef

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The Association between Phase Angle of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Survival Time in Advanced Cancer Patients: Preliminary Study: So Yeon Lee, Yong Joo Lee, Jung-Hwa Yang, Chul-Min Kim, Whan-Seok Choi; Korean J Fam Med 2014;35(5):251-256. Published online September 24, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2014.35.5.251

Abstract
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Background

A frequent manifestation of advanced cancer patients is malnutrition, which is correlated with poor prognosis and high mortality. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an easy-to-use and non-invasive technique to evaluate changes in body composition and nutritional status. We investigated BIA-derived phase angle as a prognostic indicator for survival in advanced cancer patients.

Methods

Twenty-eight patients treated at the hospice center of Seoul St. Mary's Hospital underwent BIA measurements from January, 2013 to May, 2013. We also evaluated palliative prognostic index (PPI) and palliative performance scale to compare with the prognostic value of phase angle. Cox's proportional hazard models were constructed to evaluate the prognostic effect of phase angle. The Kaplan Meier method was used to calculate survival.

Results

Using univariate Cox analysis, phase angle (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61/per degree increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.89; P = 0.010), PPI (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.47; P = 0.048) were found to be significantly associated with survival. Adjusting age, PPI, body mass index, phase angle significantly showed association with survival in multivariate analysis (HR, 0.64/per degree increase; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.95; P = 0.028). Survival time of patients with phase angle ≥ 4.4° was longer than patients with phase angle < 4.4° (log rank, 6.208; P-value = 0.013).

Conclusion

Our data suggest BIA-derived phase angle may serve as an independent prognostic indicator in advanced cancer patients.

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