Background
The educational assessment of residents is very important in order to check their knowledge and to improve their ability. In case of family practice, the residents spend most of their training time in outside rotations with other specialities. Therefore, they are requested to be evaluated by each specialist after each rotation. To give more accurate assessment, we surveyed directly our family practice residents and family practice faculties. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to family practice residents and family practice faculties in 116 hospitals from May to June 2006. The response rate was 29% and 78%, respectively. Results: Among the total, 70.2% of family practice residents thought an assessment is necessary, but only 51.7% were evaluated. Overall, 90.4% of family practice faculties knew about the assessment of residents made by other specialists, and only 56.7% of faculties requested other specialists to assess their family practice residents. Conclusion: Most of the family practice residents and their faculties knew the need for assessment, but they complained there were no objectivity and the assessment tool was lacking. In order to solve this problem, it is urgent to develop a unified form and guidelines of assesment. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28:616-625)

Background
This study was conducted to survey the current status of family medicine residency programs and to evaluate the difficulties in training of the curriculums. Methods: Questionnaires on residency programs were sent to all the centers of residency programs by mail in April 2006. The questionnaire included detailed characteristics of residency programs, curriculum schedule, reasons for failed specific curriculum, and review and measures by the program center and the Korean Academy of Family Medicine to resolve problematic curriculums. Results: A total of 113 residency programs responded. Among the 93 residency programs except for the 20 subsidiary hospitals, inadeguate subjects were mainly dermatology (12 programs, 12.3%), psychiatry (6 programs, 7.5%), ophthalmology (5 programs, 7.1%), and otolaryngology (5 programs, 7.1%). Training rejection rate was higher in dermatology (13 programs, 14.4%), radiology (11 programs, 13.1%), gastrofibroscopy (8 programs, 9.5%), and psychiatry (5 programs, 6.2%). Emergency me-dicine in 4 programs and general surgery in 3 programs had a longer duration of training than initially planned. Difficulties in training some subjects were due to failed establishment of specific curriculums in non-university hospital. Commonly established clinics were health promotion center, obesity clinic, smoking cessation clinic, geriatric clinic, stress clinic, and clinical nutrition clinic. Family medicine center programs included gastrofibroscopy, obesity, smoking cessation, geriatrics, hospice care, and evidence-based medicine. Conclusion: There is repeated demand for taking measures to promote better curriculum in the nation-wide view of family medicine. Dermatology, radiology, psychiatry, and otolaryngology were the subjects difficult to receive training. Measures to strengthen the weak subjects are urgently needed. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28: 367-374)

Background
: Serum Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) has been used clinically as a marker for excessive alcohol consumption or liver diseases, but it was reported recently that GGT is associated with cardiovascular disease. This study was done to verify the association between GGT and the metabolic syndrome in Korean male workers.

Methods : Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, uric acid, and GGT were measured and liver US was performed in 1,215 male workers who underwent annual health check up in a university health promotion center from May to October 2003. The association of GGT with the metabolic syndrome was assessed.

Results : The mean age of subjects was 41.9±7.2 years and the mean BMI was 24.1±2.7 kg/m². A raised GGT level (GGT＞75 IU/L) was seen in 172 of 1,136 (15.1%) and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 9.9% (112/1,136). Individuals with the metabolic syndrome had a higher mean GGT concentration (53.4 IU/L) than individuals without the metabolic syndrome (34.4 IU/L; P＜0.001). The subjects with increased GGT showed more risk of metabolic syndrome than the subjects with normal GGT by multivariate analysis (OR=2.835). Subgroup analyses did not change the association between the GGT and the metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion : This study showed that the serum GGT was associated with the metabolic syndrome and that increased GGT was another feature of the metabolic syndrome.

Background
: C-reactive protein is a substance that elevates when there is an abnormal metabolic reaction or inflammatory condition. Some researchers in Korea reported different results about the association between smoking and CRP. In this study, the relationship between CRP and various smoking characteristics among Korean men was investigated.

Methods : Data were analyzed in healthy men, who had visited a health promotion center in a university hospital from September, 2003 to December, 2003. CRP was quantitatively analyzed by high sensitivity-CRP. Elevated CRP (≥2.2 mg/L) level in relation to various smoking characteristics were studied and multiple logistic regression analysis for elevated CRP (≥2.2 mg/L) level was conducted.

Results : The number of current smokers was 893, past smokers 550, and non-smokers 413. The association between smoking status, daily smoking amount, duration of smoking (P=0.031, P=0.003, P=0.034) and elevated CRP level was shown by chi-square test. After multiple logistic regression analysis for risk factors, elevated CRP level was shwon to be associated with daily smoking amount in the current smokers, body fat percentage, WBC count and HDL-cholesterol. The odds ratios for elevated CRP level by smoking amount were 2.32 (95% confidence interval 1.11∼4.85) in those who smoked 10∼19 cigarettes per day, 3.54 (95% confidence interval 1.64∼7.63) in those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day compared to those who smoked less than 10 cigarettes per day.

Conclusion : Among current smokers, elevated CRP level was associated with daily smoking amount in the current smokers, This is the first study to report the relationship between CRP level and smoking behaviors among Korean men.

Background
: This study was conducted to survey current status of research and scholarly activity of residency programs and to evaluate quality of education.

Methods : Questionnaire on research and scholarly activity were sent to all residency training programs by regular mail on May 2003. The questionnaire included detailed characteristics of residency programs, current status of conferences, educations for research activities, degree of faculty involvement, and numbers of published papers and presentations for past year.

Results : A total of 103 residency programs answered the questionnaire. Most of the programs held journal review, book review, and clinical review in regular bases as scholarly activities. Smaller than 50% of the programs held case review, chart review, and psycho- social conference in regular bases. As research activity, 40 programs offered educations on epidemiology and statistics, and 55 programs held critical review of the literatures. Faculties involve actively in residents' research project in the process of designing research questions and selecting the subjects, but less actively in the process of gathering informations, completing manuscripts, and preparing presentations. Degrees of faculty involvement were smaller in the programs which are connected with medical school, had only 1 faculty, and educational experiences of the faculty were insufficient.

Conclusion : Current scholarly activities were active in various aspects, but psychosocial conference and chart audit should be encouraged. Special efforts are required in the research activities, especially in programs which were not connected with medical school and had only one faculty.

Background
: One method for achieving medical practice to be more evident, especially in the field of primary care, is to encourage the use of clinical guidelines. If development of guidelines is difficult because of time and cost, an evidence based foreign guidelines can be selected and translated into Korean for application.

Methods : A team was formed, consisting of 11 family physician experts on evidence based medicine and clinical practice guidelines. We selected six respiratory diseases requiring clinical guidelines because of variability in practice. We searched several clinical practice guideline databases and selected one guideline according to currency, scope of guideline, whether it was evidence based, and its feasibility in the field of primay care. We translated selected guideline's full-texts or summaries which were done by authorized organization into Korean.

Results : The selected respiratory diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pneumonia, sinusitis, rhinitis, and influenza. According to criterion, we selected GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) for chronic obstructive lung disease, GINA (Global initiative for asthma) for asthma, CDC (Center for disease control) guideline for influenza, IDSA (Infectious Diseases Society of America) guideline for pneumonia, AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) guideline for sinusitis, and JCAAI (Joint Council of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology) for rhinitis.

Conclusion : We selected six common respiratory diseases and the most appropriate evidence based guidelines for those particular diseases.

Background
: Nowadays there is an upsurge of, social concern on domestic violence. The role of doctors in the prevention and screening of domestic violence is becoming important. Therefore, we selected medical residents to find out about the attitude and knowledge of doctors on domestic violence.

Methods : From 2000 March to October, we surveyed questionnaires to residents. The contents included the attitude on the victims, assailants and the children of domestic violence, whether they had the will to report domestic violence to the police or not, and finally the knowledge about the law on domestic violence.

Results : Among 210 residents, 95 (45.2%) answered. Almost 90% of the subjects agreed to the necessity of social intervention on the assailants. And most residents agreed that the psychosocial impact of domestic violence to the exposed children was important. 65 (68.4%) residents said they would report to the police when they recognized victims of domestic violence during their consultation. 27-68% answered correctly about the law related to domestic violence. 40% agreed to the need of education for domestic violence.

Conclusion : The residents had little knowledge on domestic violence law. Therefore, it is essential for residents to be educated accordingly. The factors of marital status and sexual difference of doctors on domestic violence should be investigated.

Background
: Among the over-the-counter drugs, non-opioid analgesics are widely used in Korea. Non-opioid analgesics may have potential adverse effects such as side effects, tolerance, and addiction when used inappropriately. Moreover, children have less power to make a rational decisions than adults. Therefore, the role of parents in analgesic use is more and more important in children. This study was designed to investigate the frequency of use of analgesics in children and the behavior of parents administering them.

Methods : From April to May 2000, we collected questionnaires on the use of analgesics for relieving children's pain which were completed by parents from 3 elementary schools in Seoul. Student t-test and linear by linear test were applied to compare the difference between analgesic-administered group and non-administered group.

Results : The subjects were 630 parents among 702 respondents. Common reason for the parents to administer analgesics to their children were common cold, headache, abdominal pain etc. Pain severity were high in earache and fever and lower in abdominal pain and headache. Among the total 457(72.1%) parents were said to have kept analgesics at home. Acetaminophen and ibuprofen were the most common kept analgesics at home. Were more analgesic-keeping house likely to analgesics at home. Younger parents, younger children and mothers. Only 25.4% among those with analgesics at home gave analgesics during the last month. The administration rate was higher in the higher education levels(P<0.05), and increased linear by linear according to the number of house-keeping analgesics(P<0.05).

Conclusion : Seventy two percent of parents kept analgesics at home. But only a quarter of the parents gave analgesics to their children. The administration rate of analgesics in relieving pain in children by their parents was higher in the highly educated parents group and showed linear increase in proportion to the number of house-keeping analgesics.

Background
: It is reported that abnormal eating behavior is more frequent in the group of weight control than those of no control. Repeated and chronic binge eating behavior has associations with impaired work and social functioning. overconcerns with body shape and wight. The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of abnormal eating behavior according to weight management, depression level and obesity.

Methods : From June 1999 to July 1999, we collected self-record questionnaire including body mass index(BMI), Back Depression Inventory(BDI), Eating Attitude Test(EAT), from 1292 students of one girl's high school in Seoul. Study subjects were divided by BMI, the set point was 25 ㎏/㎡. EAT score associated with weight control. BMI, BDI. smoking and alcohol was assessed by mul-tiple linear regression. Study subjects were also grouped by the existence of the history of weight management behavoir, then BMI, EAT score and BDI in each subgroups was assessed by t-test.

Results : Obese student were 42, whereas those of BMI under 25 ㎏/㎡ were 1191. BDI score ranging from 5 to 20 were 940, 21 to 63 were 179. The EAT score has significant relevance to the history of weight control, BMI, and BDI score in order. The EAT score and BMI were higher in the subjects who experienced various modes of weight control (48.41±14.47 vs 33.63±12.52 in EAT, 20.34±2.26 vs 18.72±1.89) (p<0.01).

Conclusion : EAT score was associated with weight control, BMI and BDI. EAT score and BMI were higher in weight control samples.

Background
: Amezinium methylsulfate(Risumic) is the useful drug in the treatment of essential hypotension. This drug elevate blood pressure by stimulating sympathetic nervous system and improve symptoms related hypotension. This study was designed to evaluate efficacy and safety of Risumic for patients with essential hypotension.

Methods : This study was performed in patients with systolic blood pressure less than 100mmHg from June, 1999 to December, 1999. Risumic blood pressure response, improvement of symptom and side effect were examined in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

Results : Total of 54 patients participated in this study and only 55.6% of them were finished and the rest of them(44.4%) was stopped. 6 patients of this patients were stopped because of side effects. But there was no difference in side effects in Risumic and placebo periods. In diastolic BP, Risumic group is 5mmHg higher than placebo group. And then there was significant difference in statistics.

Conclusion : In essential hypotensive patients, Risumic is elevater DBP than SBP, side effects frequency was no significant difference in Risumic and placebo group.

No abstract available.