Background
Substance use is prohibited in Indonesia; however, adolescents continue to consume these substances, creating a significant public health challenge. This study examines behavioral and demographic factors associated with general drug use, including cannabis and amphetamine use, among Indonesian adolescents, using nationally representative data.
Methods
A cross-sectional study used data from the 2023 Indonesia Global School-based Student Health Survey, which included 10,059 students aged 13 to 17 years. A two-stage cluster sampling was applied, and descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with substance use.
Results
Overall, 3.03% of students reported drug use, 1.45% reported cannabis use, and 1.33% reported amphetamine use. Age and school level were not significantly associated with substance use. However, male sex, residence outside the Java-Bali region, alcohol use, and tobacco use were consistently linked to higher odds of drug, cannabis, and amphetamine use. Alcohol consumption was the strongest predictor for all types of substance use. These findings indicate that risky behaviors tend to cluster, supporting the pattern of polysubstance use among youth.
Conclusion
The study findings highlight the need for risk-specific, gender-responsive, school-based prevention programs that actively involve parents and regulate adolescents’ access to alcohol and tobacco. Enhancing life skills and character education in both school and family settings may also help students avoid risky behaviors.

Background
Hormonal and physical changes during pregnancy affect mothers’ mental health. Because depression during pregnancy is closely associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, treatment is important for pregnant women with depression. This study aimed to identify barriers to treatment-seeking behaviors among pregnant women with depression in Indonesia.
Methods
Data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research were used, which focused on pregnant women aged 15–54 years who exhibited depressive symptoms. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess depression. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors affecting treatment-seeking behaviors.
Results
Among the pregnant women in Indonesia, 7.9% experienced depression; however, only 11.4% sought treatment. Higher transportation costs to the clinic were associated with 41% lower odds of seeking treatment (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37–0.95; P=0.029). Women in their second and third trimesters had 48% (AOR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28–0.98; P=0.042) and 54% (AOR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.24–0.89; P=0.022) lower odds of seeking treatment, respectively, than those in their first trimester.
Conclusion
Financial barriers and the challenges of late pregnancy hinder treatment-seeking behaviors for depression in pregnant women. Therefore, there is an urgent need for affordable and accessible mental health care for vulnerable populations.

Citations

• Family medicine for all stages of life: turning knowledge into actionable care
  Joung Sik Son
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2026; 47(2): 95.     CrossRef
• “If I’m Not Okay, I Won’t Take the Pills”: Anticipating the Effects of Depression and PTSD on PrEP Use Among PrEP Naïve Pregnant and Postpartum Persons in South Africa
  Amelia M. Stanton, Lauren Gulbicki, Anvita Bhardwaj, Madison R. Fertig, Jennifer N. Githaiga, Katherine E. Kabel, Linda Gwangqa, Landon Myer, Lucia Knight, Conall M. O’Cleirigh, Christina Psaros
  International Journal of Behavioral Medicine.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef