Korean Journal of Family Medicine

"Cohort Studies"

Original Articles

Fruits and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Cohort: Hojun Yu, Cheol Min Lee, Seung-Won Oh; Korean J Fam Med 2024;45(1):44-50. Published online November 23, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0201; Correction in: Korean J Fam Med 2026;47(3):283

Background
To determine the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the consumption of various fruits.
Methods
The Korean Genome And Epidemiology Study is an ongoing prospective longitudinal cohort study of community dwellers and participants (men and women, aged 40–69 years) recruited from the national health examinee registry of Korea. Their individual consumption habits for 12 different fruit types were recorded using food frequency questionnaires. The fruits were then divided into three groups according to their glycemic indexes and glycemic loads. Participants with extreme caloric intakes, pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney diseases, chronic liver diseases, and ongoing cancer treatments were excluded. The incidence of type 2 diabetes in the cohort was identified through self-reporting and supplemented by glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose levels.
Results
A total of 2,549 cases of type 2 diabetes were documented during 283,033.8 person-years of follow-up. After adjusting for personal, lifestyle, and dietary risk factors for diabetes, the pooled hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes for every serving per week of total whole fruit consumption was 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99–1.06; P=0.2). With mutual adjustment of individual fruits, the pooled hazard ratios of type 2 diabetes for every serving per week were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.88–1.00; P=0.039) for bananas, and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.84–0.96; P<0.001) for grapes.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest associations between the consumption of certain fruits and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. A greater consumption of grapes was significantly associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in our cohort, but the total amount of fruit consumption was not associated with a reduced risk.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Fruit intake, fruit glycemic load, and type 2 diabetes risk: findings from a community based Korean cohort study
Ae Wha Ha
Nutrition Research and Practice.2026; 20(1): 101. CrossRef
Corrigendum: Fruits and the risk of type 2 diabetes: the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study cohort
Hojun Yu, Cheol Min Lee, Seung-Won Oh
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2026; 47(3): 283. CrossRef
Quantitative analysis of sugar composition in common fruits and locally prepared fruit juices from the University of Dodoma Tanzania and its nutritional and health implications
Jackson Henry Katonge
Discover Applied Sciences.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Lifestyle prescriptions for diabetes management in primary care: a narrative review
Hye Jun Lee, Jung-Ha Kim
Ewha Medical Journal.2025; 48(4): e55. CrossRef
Guidelines for nutrition counseling in primary healthcare clinics
Gyeongsil Lee, Seung-Won Oh
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 278. CrossRef

8,465 View
138 Download
4 Web of Science
5 Crossref

Sedentarism, A Modifiable Risk Factor for Developing Chronic Kidney Disease in Healthy People: Alejandro Tavera Concha, Franklin Alejandro Rico Mendoza; Korean J Fam Med 2022;43(1):27-36. Published online January 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.20.0172

Abstract
PDF

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a consequence of the interaction of many pathophysiological processes, manifested by a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and abnormal kidney function. Sedentary behavior is associated with decreased kidney function, and regular physical activity could have the potential to reduce the risk of developing CKD, although this is not entirely clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between sedentary behavior and the development of CKD.
Methods
A search was carried out in different databases and metasearchers from January 2015 to June 2020 for cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies, in which the association of a sedentary lifestyle or physical inactivity with the appearance of CKD was evaluated in healthy people. Eight articles were obtained, including six cross-sectional studies, one case-control, and one cohort study. The quality of evidence for the main outcomes was assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) model.
Results
Most of the studies included in this systematic review agree that there is an association between a sedentary lifestyle and CKD; however, not all used the same definition of this disease, in the same way, the definitions of physical activity and sedentary behavior were different between these studies, as well as the methods of measuring sedentary behavior.
Conclusion
CKD could be associated with sedentary behavior in previously healthy people. It was not possible to determine a measure of association with the available scientific evidence, as the study designs were heterogeneous. Modifiable risk factors should be considered in different population groups to reduce the risk of CKD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Lifestyle and Environment Aspects Challenging Kidney Health
Adamasco Cupisti, Claudia D'Alessandro, Antonello Di Paolo, Pietro Manuel Ferraro, Edoardo La Porta, Annalisa Noce, Vincenzo Panichi, Attilio Parisi, Piergiorgio Messa
Kidney and Blood Pressure Research.2026; 51(1): 500. CrossRef
Sedentary Behavior, Chronic Diseases, and COVID-19
Young Gyu Cho
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2022; 43(1): 1. CrossRef

7,988 View
147 Download
2 Web of Science
2 Crossref

The Quality of Reporting of Cohort, Case-Control Studies in the Korean Journal of Family Medicine: Mi Ra Kim, Min Young Kim, Soo Young Kim, In Hong Hwang, Yeo Jung Yoon; Korean J Fam Med 2012;33(2):79-88. Published online March 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2012.33.2.79

Abstract
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Background

The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement was developed to improve the reporting of observational studies. We aimed to evaluate the quality of reporting in cohort studies and case-control studies among observational studies published in the Korean Journal of Family Medicine.

Methods

We searched for cohort studies and case-control studies published as original articles in the Journal of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine during the period January 1992 through December 2009. The main outcome measures were the number and proportion of cohort studies and case-control studies that reported each of 22 checklist items of STROBE.

Results

We identified a total of 84 articles, of which 46 articles were cohort studies and 38 were case-control studies. Concerning methods, study designs (10%), bias (13%), study size (0%), statistical methods (12-c and 12-e items, 0%; 12-d item, cohort study, 6%) have been poorly reported. Of results, participants (5-6%), descriptive data (14-b item, 5%), and funding (1%) among other information have been poorly reported.

Conclusion

The degree of adherence the STROBE recommendations was relatively low in cohort studies and case-control studies published in the Korean Journal of Family Medicine. An effort to improve the reporting of observational studies by application and recommendation of the STROBE statement is required.

Citations

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Confounders: A threat to the interpretation of research findings in endodontics
Mehran Farajollahi, Shima Saber Tahan, Abbasali Keshtkar, Ove A. Peters
International Endodontic Journal.2025; 58(3): 411. CrossRef
Social media and internet search data to inform drug utilization: A systematic scoping review
Roman Keller, Alessandra Spanu, Milo Alan Puhan, Antoine Flahault, Christian Lovis, Margot Mütsch, Raphaelle Beau-Lejdstrom
Frontiers in Digital Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The relationship between endorsing reporting guidelines or trial registration and the impact factor or total citations in surgical journals
Jing Zhou, Jianqiang Li, Jingao Zhang, Bo Geng, Yao Chen, Xiaobin Zhou
PeerJ.2022; 10: e12837. CrossRef
A review found inadequate reporting of case–control studies of risk factors for pancreatic cancer
Angela MacCarthy, Paula Dhiman, Shona Kirtley, Patricia Logullo, Bethan Copsey, Gary S. Collins
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2021; 133: 32. CrossRef
What is a Case-Control Study?
Esther B Dupépé, Kimberly P Kicielinski, Amber S Gordon, Beverly C Walters
Neurosurgery.2019; 84(4): 819. CrossRef
Analysis of Reports on Observational Studies Published in the Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing based on the STROBE Guideline
Sue Kim, Hyun-Ei Oh, Ju-Eun Song, Myounghee Kim, Sukhee Ahn, Eun-Joo Lee, Eun-Mi Jun, Sukhee Cheon
Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2014; 20(4): 287. CrossRef
Case-control studies in neurosurgery
Cody L. Nesvick, Clinton J. Thompson, Frederick A. Boop, Paul Klimo
Journal of Neurosurgery.2014; 121(2): 285. CrossRef