Korean Journal of Family Medicine

"Menstrual Cycle"

Original Articles

Association between Liver Function Markers and Menstrual Cycle Irregularity in Korean Female Population: Hye-In Kim, Joo-Hyun Park, Do-Hoon Kim, Hyun-Jin Kim, An-Na Lee, Jung-Hwa Shin, Chae-Won Baek, Min-Hae Lee; Received September 1, 2023 Accepted April 12, 2024 Published online August 21, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.23.0181 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract
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Background
The liver plays an important role in gonadal steroid hormone metabolism, which can affect reproductive health, including the menstrual cycle. However, evidence from large population-based studies is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between liver function markers and menstrual cycle irregularities in premenopausal Korean women using nationwide data.
Methods
This study analyzed Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2011. We investigated 3,045 premenopausal women aged 19–59 years. Liver function markers including serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase, and fatty liver index were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between liver function markers and menstrual cycle irregularity while adjusting for confounding factors. Values were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analysis was also performed.
Results
Baseline characteristic analysis showed that approximately 14.4% of the study population experienced menstrual cycle irregularity. The mean age was 34.5±0.7 years. The highest quartile of serum ALT and AST levels showed significantly higher ORs for menstrual cycle irregularity (adjusted OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.26–2.64 and adjusted OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.17–2.39, respectively). A similar result was observed in the subgroup analysis.
Conclusion
Liver function markers were positively associated with menstrual cycle irregularities. In clinical settings, women of reproductive age with relatively decreased liver function should be considered for regular followup of their reproductive health status.

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Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Menstrual Irregularity in Middle-Aged Korean Women: Sang Su Lee, Do Hoon Kim, Ga-Eun Nam, Hyo-Yun Nam, Young Eun Kim, Sung Ho Lee, Kyung Do Han, Yong Gyu Park; Korean J Fam Med 2016;37(1):31-36. Published online January 27, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.1.31

Abstract
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Background

Menstrual irregularity is a common major complaint in women of reproductive age. It is also a known marker for underlying insulin resistance. We investigated the association between menstrual irregularity and metabolic syndrome in the general population of middle-aged women in Korea.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2012. A total of 2,742 subjects were included in the analysis. Participants were divided into two categories based on their menstrual cycle regularity and the relationship between metabolic syndrome and its variables was investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

Adjusted analyses revealed significantly higher odds ratios for metabolic syndrome, high waist circumference, high triglyceride levels, and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with the presence of menstrual irregularity.

Conclusion

Metabolic syndrome and its components (high waist circumference, high triglyceride levels, and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels) were significantly associated with menstrual irregularity in women of reproductive age.

Citations

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