Background
The association between sleep duration and obesity risk among risky drinkers remains controversial. This study aims to investigate the relationship between adequate sleep duration and both central and overall obesity among risky drinkers in Korea, with a focus on identifying potential interventions to reduce obesity rates.
Methods
We analyzed data from 978 individuals, selected from 1,356 risky drinkers—as defined by the World Health Organization criteria—who participated in the 2019–2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants had no missing values and were engaged in economic activities. Demographic characteristics and key variables by obesity status were examined using frequency analysis and chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between sleep duration and obesity. To account for the stratified sampling design, we utilized complex sample analysis with weighted values.
Results
Risky drinkers with adequate sleep duration (7–9 hours) were less likely to be obese based on waist circumference (≥90 cm in males; ≥85 cm in females) (odds ratio [OR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–0.86) and body mass index (≥25 kg/m²) (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.41–0.76). Trend analysis revealed a significant inverse relationship between sleep duration and obesity likelihood (P for trend <0.05). Gender-stratified analysis demonstrated that the association was significant among males and more pronounced in risky drinkers compared to the general population.
Conclusion
This study suggests that adequate sleep duration may play a key role in reducing obesity rates among Korean male risky drinkers. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to strengthen this finding.

Metabolism-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver condition worldwide and affects nearly 30% of the global population. While traditionally associated with metabolic risk factors, such as obesity and insulin resistance, increasing attention is being directed toward socioeconomic and environmental determinants that contribute to disparities in MASLD prevalence and outcomes. Low-income populations often experience higher rates of MASLD owing to limited access to healthcare, poor diet quality, and reduced opportunities for physical activity. Conversely, high-income countries are witnessing a paradoxical rise in MASLD cases, driven by sedentary lifestyles and excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods. This review examined the effects of socioeconomic status, education, healthcare access, and environmental exposure on the epidemiology of MASLD. The findings revealed that individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and migrant populations experience a disproportionately higher burden of MASLD due to systemic healthcare barriers, dietary transitions, and occupational exposure. Children and adolescents face increasing susceptibility owing to rising obesity rates, and geographic disparities highlight Europe as the most affected region, followed by Asia and North America. Given the growing public health impact of MASLD, addressing both socioeconomic and environmental determinants is essential. Future efforts should prioritize policy-driven interventions, including equitable healthcare access, lifestyle modifications, and research into novel therapeutic approaches to mitigate the disease burden and improve patient outcomes.

Background
Although breakfast provides essential nutrients and energy, skipping this meal has become increasingly common among young adults in Korea. In this study, we examine the relationship between breakfast consumption and body composition.
Methods
We analyzed data from 17,763 students aged 18–39 at Seoul National University (2018–2022). Participants were categorized based on their breakfast frequency: non-skippers, 1 to 3-day skippers, and 4 to 7-day skippers. Measurements included body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). Multivariable logistic and linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, alcohol use, smoking, physical activity, sleep, and food consumption frequencies were used.
Results
Obesity (17.4% vs. 14.8%) and abdominal obesity (10.0% vs. 7.8%) were higher in those skipping breakfast 4 to 7 d/wk compared with non-skippers. Skipping breakfast was not significantly associated with abdominal obesity in either sex. In women, the odds of obesity were higher (odds ratio, 1.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–2.15; P=0.006), whereas no significant difference was observed in men. Men who skipped breakfast had increased body fat percentage (coefficient, 0.87; P<0.001) and FMI (coefficient, 0.18; P=0.009) and decreased FFMI and SMI. Women showed increased body fat percentage (coefficient, 0.92; P<0.001) and FMI but no significant differences in FFMI or SMI.
Conclusion
Skipping breakfast adversely affects body composition by increasing body fat percentage and FMI. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Background
This study aimed to determine the link between water consumption and abdominal obesity in individuals aged 19 years and above, utilizing a sample from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Methods
Participants were divided into two groups based on their water intake: those meeting adequate intake (≥5 cups for men and ≥4 cups for women) and those with inadequate intake (<5 cups for men and <4 cups for women). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential confounders.
Results
Compared with the inadequate water intake group, the adequate water intake group showed a lower adjusted OR for abdominal obesity (adjusted OR, 0.874; 95% CI, 0.770–0.992). In the subgroup analysis, the adjusted OR for abdominal obesity in the 19–39 age group was 0.712 (95% CI, 0.520–0.974). However, no significant association was observed in the 40–64 and 65 or higher age groups.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that sufficient water consumption may be negatively associated with abdominal obesity in adults, particularly among young adults; however, this association may not extend to older age groups.

Background
This study compared the impact of Short Message Service (SMS)-based education with traditional group-based education and the control group on body mass index, weight, and lifestyle in obese and overweight patients in a limited-resource country. It also compared the direct financial costs between the two intervention groups.
Methods
In this controlled randomized educational study, 90 overweight or obese adults from four family physician clinics in Shiraz, Iran were randomly allocated to three training groups: SMS-based education, group-based education, and a control group. The participants’ weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were measured at baseline, and the Physical Activity Scale questionnaire was completed. Group-based training was conducted in 1-hour weekly sessions. The SMS group received a text message each morning. The control group received routine care from a family physician. The intervention lasted 12 weeks. All participants were re-examined for the studied variables. Additionally, the direct costs were estimated, calculated, and compared.
Results
The mean weight, BMI, and waist circumference changed significantly after 3 months compared to baseline in each group. The mean weight change differed significantly among the three groups (P-value=0.04), and the mean BMI changes were near significant (P-value=0.06). A post hoc comparison of changes in weight and BMI showed a significant difference between the control and SMS groups. SMS education incurred much lower costs for patients and healthcare services than group-based education.
Conclusion
The study showed that SMS is an effective and cost-saving educational method for weight loss compared to group-based education, especially in developing countries.

Background
Prevention and management of metabolic syndrome (MetS) during childhood are crucial. Recently, obesity among children and adolescents has increased with an increase in mothers’ working hours. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between mothers’ working hours and MetS in their children.
Methods
Data from the 2016–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used, and 2,598 children and adolescents aged 10–18 years were included. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to confirm the association between MetS and mothers’ working hours for each risk factor. Linear regression analysis was conducted to confirm the association between mothers’ working hours and the number of risk factors for MetS.
Results
Abdominal obesity in children was higher when the mothers’ working hours were 53 hours or more (odds ratio [OR], 2.267; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–4.25). In the trend analysis, the OR of children’s abdominal obesity increased significantly as mothers’ working hours increased (P-value <0.05). Additionally, sex-stratified analysis revealed a significant trend between maternal work hours and the presence of MetS in female children (P=0.016). The adjusted OR of the presence of MetS in female children with mothers working 53 hours or more weekly was 6.065 (95% CI, 1.954–18.822).
Conclusion
Mothers’ working hours were highly correlated with the risk of abdominal obesity in their children. The OR of the presence of MetS significantly increased in female children with mothers having longer working hours compared with those with stay-at-home mothers.

Background
Men with low testosterone levels are at an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome, irrespective of age or obesity. However, the relationship between metabolic syndrome and testosterone levels in women remains unclear. We compared the total testosterone concentrations between premenopausal obese women with and without metabolic syndrome and identified the factors affecting these concentrations.
Methods
A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted using the medical records of 580 premenopausal women with obesity. The diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome were established using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines.
Results
The mean±standard deviation age, weight, and body mass index were 38.8±8.4 years, 78.0±11.8 kg, and 30.0±4.1 kg/m², respectively. The mean total testosterone concentration was lower in the metabolic syndrome group than in the non-metabolic syndrome group (n=385 vs. n=195; 0.22±0.10 ng/mL vs. 0.24±0.11 ng/mL; P<0.001). In a model adjusted for age, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass, body fat mass, and body fat percentage, the odds ratio for metabolic syndrome with respect to the total testosterone level was 0.128 (P=0.028). Testosterone concentration was negatively correlated with age (r=-0.334), systolic blood pressure (r=-0.084), and triglyceride concentration (r=-0.093) but positively correlated with weight (r=0.144), body mass index (r=0.140), waist circumference (r=0.133), body fat mass (r=0.167), and body fat percentage (r=0.167). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that age (β=-0.004, P<0.001), body mass index (β=0.003, P=0.004), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (β=0.001, P=0.019) were independently associated with total testosterone concentration (adjusted R2=12.6%).
Conclusion
Metabolic syndrome and obesity may be independently associated with testosterone levels in premenopausal women with obesity.

Citations

• The Interconnected Nature of Smoking, Depression, and Obesity in Behavioral Medicine
  Joung Sik Son
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2024; 45(4): 181.     CrossRef

Background
Evidence on the association between obesity parameters, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), and osteoarthritis is limited. This study aimed to investigate these associations in Korean adults.
Methods
This nationwide cross-sectional study used data from 24,101 adults aged ≥19 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2020. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for osteoarthritis according to BMI and WC were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analyses.
Results
The prevalence of osteoarthritis was higher in individuals with general (10.0%) and abdominal obesity (12.8%) compared with those without. Greater BMI and WC were associated with a higher prevalence (P<0.001) and risk of osteoarthritis (Model 3, P for trend <0.001). Individuals with general and abdominal obesity were associated with a 1.50-fold (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.35–1.67) and 1.64-fold (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.47–1.84) increased risk of osteoarthritis, compared with those without. Similar associations were observed in subgroups according to age, sex, smoking status, and presence of diabetes mellitus. The odds of osteoarthritis 1.73-fold increased (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.53–1.95) in individuals with both general and abdominal obesity compared with those without any of them.
Conclusion
Greater BMI, WC, and general and abdominal obesity were associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis in Korean adults. Appropriate management of abdominal and general obesity may be important to reduce the risk of osteoarthritis.

Citations

• Association between waist circumference or weight change after smoking cessation and incidence of cardiovascular disease or all-cause death in Korean adults with type 2 diabetes
  Heajung Lee, Jaeyong Shin, Jae Woo Choi
  Frontiers in Endocrinology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Background
This study aimed to explore the relationship between fruit intake, changes in fruit intake, and changes in cardiometabolic factors in people with obesity.
Methods
A total of 21,270 subjects (8,718 men, 12,552 women) aged 40 years and over, from the Korean-based Genome and Epidemiology Study, were followed up for an average of 4.4 years. Fruit intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and the second follow-up. The beta coefficient and confidence intervals for changes in cardiometabolic risk factors according to fruit consumption were calculated using a linear regression model.
Results
In men, the abdominal circumference decreased with changes in fruit intake (P=0.029). Fruit intake and increased fruit intake in men were associated with a lower systolic blood pressure (P=0.012 and P=0.02, respectively) and lower triglyceride levels (P=0.002 and P<0.001, respectively). In women, abdominal circumference decreased with both fruit intake and increased fruit intake (P<0.001 and P=0.013, respectively). Systolic blood pressure and triglycerides tended to decrease only with fruit intake (P=0.048 and P<0.001, respectively). Unlike in men, fasting blood glucose tended to decrease in women with both fruit intake and increased fruit intake (P=0.011 and P=0.005, respectively).
Conclusion
Fruit intake and increased fruit intake may have beneficial effects on cardiometabolic risk factors among individuals who are obese.

Citations

• Associations of cMIND Diet with depressive and anxiety symptoms among old people in China: a nationwide study
  Tengfei Niu, Yu Zhang, Xilin Zhou, Kun Shen, Xinyan Ji, Juan Zhu, Ouxiang Wu, Xiaobing Xian
  European Journal of Nutrition.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Fruits and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Cohort
  Hojun Yu, Cheol Min Lee, Seung-Won Oh
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2024; 45(1): 44.     CrossRef
• Association between cMIND diet and hypertension among older adults in China: a nationwide survey
  Yazhu Wang, Yu Zhang, Xinrong Zeng, Xiaobing Xian, Jingyu Chen, Tengfei Niu
  Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Impact of fruits and vegetables consumption on metabolic health: a case–control study
  Azza Abd El-Shaheed, Nermine N. Mahfouz, May M. Abdel Hamid
  Bulletin of the National Research Centre.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of Semaglutide on Cardiac Protein Expression and Cardiac Function of Obese Mice
  Xiaoyu Pan, Lin Yue, Jiangli Ban, Lin Ren, Shuchun Chen
  Journal of Inflammation Research.2022; Volume 15: 6409.     CrossRef
• Current status of nutrient intake in Korea: focused on macronutrients
  Seung-Won Oh
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 801.     CrossRef
• Current status of health promotion in Korea
  Soo Young Kim
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 776.     CrossRef

Background
Obesity is considered a state of enhanced oxidative stress as well as chronic and low-grade inflammation. The copper–zinc ratio in obese individuals has been reported to reflect systemic oxidative stress and inflammatory status. We investigated whether the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio is related to the copper–zinc ratio in hair, within the context of a normal white blood cell count among overweight or obese Korean individuals.
Methods
We included 56 participants aged older than 20 years who voluntarily sought weight reduction treatment and met the inclusion criterion of body mass index of 23 kg/m² or greater. Intra-abdominal visceral adipose tissue was measured by computed tomography imaging, while the copper and zinc levels were measured by hair mineral analysis. Using multiple linear regression analysis, we examined the associations between the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and the copper–zinc ratio.
Results
The mean age, body mass index, and visceral adipose tissue were 46.0±10.5 years, 29.0±4.1 kg/cm² , and 142.9±68.8 cm² , respectively. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed the association of the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio with copper level (r=0.475, P<0.001) and copper–zinc ratio (r=0.494, P<0.001). After adjusting for confounding variables, we found the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio was significantly associated with the level of copper and the copper–zinc ratio in hair (regression coefficient: 0.055±0.015; P<0.001 and regression coefficient: 0.761±0.185; P<0.001, respectively).
Conclusion
A higher copper–zinc ratio in hair is positively and independently associated with the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio. Thus, a high hair copper–zinc ratio could be a useful parameter for oxidative burden of individuals predisposed to obesity-related comorbidity.

Citations

• Serum Copper/Zinc Ratio in Overweight and Obese Children: a Cross-Sectional Study
  Mu Du, Mingfang Qiu, Ye Qian, Tianqi Wang, Xiaobo Chen
  Biological Trace Element Research.2024; 202(4): 1539.     CrossRef
• The Protective Effect of the Crosstalk between Zinc Hair Concentration and Lymphocyte Count—Preliminary Report
  Tomasz Urbanowicz, Anetta Hanć, Jolanta Tomczak, Michał Michalak, Anna Olasińska-Wiśniewska, Patrycja Rzesoś, Mateusz Szot, Krzysztof J. Filipiak, Beata Krasińska, Zbigniew Krasiński, Andrzej Tykarski, Marek Jemielity
  Life.2024; 14(5): 571.     CrossRef
• Whole blood trace element and toxic metal concentration in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and healthy dogs: A case-control study
  Sarah Rosendahl, Johanna Anturaniemi, Tiina-Kaisa Kukko-Lukjanov, Kristiina A. Vuori, Robin Moore, Manal Hemida, Anne Muhle, Anna Hielm-Björkman
  Frontiers in Veterinary Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Mineral, trace element, and toxic metal concentration in hair from dogs with idiopathic epilepsy compared to healthy controls
  Sarah Rosendahl, Johanna Anturaniemi, Tiina‐Kaisa Kukko‐Lukjanov, Kristiina A. Vuori, Robin Moore, Manal Hemida, Anne Muhle, Anna Hielm‐Björkman
  Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine.2023; 37(3): 1100.     CrossRef
• Associations between Hair Mineral Concentrations and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Korean Adults
  Y.-A. Lee, H.-N. Kim, Sang-Wook Song
  The Journal of nutrition, health and aging.2022; 26(5): 515.     CrossRef
• Investigation on the Association of Copper and Copper-to-Zinc-Ratio in Hair with Acute Coronary Syndrome Occurrence and Its Risk Factors
  Ewelina A. Dziedzic, Agnieszka Tuzimek, Jakub S. Gąsior, Justyna Paleczny, Adam Junka, Mirosław Kwaśny, Marek Dąbrowski, Piotr Jankowski
  Nutrients.2022; 14(19): 4107.     CrossRef
• Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on People’s Sexual Lives in Turkiye
  Mert Kılıç, Ersin Köseoğlu, Fadimana Tekkalan, Elisabetta Costantini, Francesco Trama, Ester Illiano, Tufan Tarcan
  Journal of Urological Surgery.2022; 9(4): 281.     CrossRef

Background
Previous studies have shown that body composition is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and perimenopause is associated with increased fat mass and decreased lean body mass. Muscle wasting is common among patients with CKD. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) refers to excess adiposity with decreased muscle mass. However, little is known about the relationship between SO and renal function decline. Here, we identified the relationship between SO and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in postmenopausal women.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study based on the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2011). We analyzed 4,560 postmenopausal women who underwent dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenia was defined based on weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Obesity was defined based on body mass index. The eGFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Subjects were classified into four groups: normal, obese, sarcopenic, and sarcopenic obese. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between SO and decreased eGFR. The results were adjusted for variable confounders.
Results
In the unadjusted model, the odds ratio (OR) of decreased eGFR for SO was 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–2.26). The obese and sarcopenic groups had ORs of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.44–1.03) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.44–1.10), respectively. After controlling for confounding variables, there was also a significant association between SO and decreased eGFR (adjusted OR, 1.48; 95% Cl, 1.05–2.07).
Conclusion
SO was independently associated with decreased eGFR in postmenopausal Korean women.

Citations

• Sarcopenic obesity in predialysis chronic kidney disease: Muscle strength is a predictor of mortlity and disease progression in a six-year prospective cohort
  Dílmerson Oliveira, Viviane Angelina de Souza, Guilherme Cardenaz Souza, Lucas Fernandes Suassuna, Marcus Gomes Bastos, Maycon Moura Reboredo, Natália Maria da Silva Fernandes, Jeremy P Loenneke,
  PLOS ONE.2025; 20(3): e0318773.     CrossRef
• Obesity paradox in older sarcopenic adults ― a delay in aging: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Szimonetta Eitmann, Peter Matrai, Peter Hegyi, Marta Balasko, Balint Eross, Kira Dorogi, Erika Petervari
  Ageing Research Reviews.2024; 93: 102164.     CrossRef
• Association of skeletal muscle index with postoperative acute kidney injury in living donor hepatectomy: A retrospective single‐centre cohort study
  Ji‐Hoon Sim, Hye‐Mee Kwon, In‐Gu Jun, Sung‐Hoon Kim, Kyoung‐Sun Kim, Young‐Jin Moon, Jun‐Gol Song, Gyu‐Sam Hwang, YouSun Ko, Kyung‐Won Kim
  Liver International.2022; 42(2): 425.     CrossRef
• Dynapenic-abdominal obesity as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease in postmenopausal women: a population-based cohort study
  Youngju Choi, Jinkyung Cho, Jiyeon Kim, Jun Hyun Bae, Eun-Jeong Cho, Eunwook Chang, Kyung-Lim Joa, Junghoon Kim, Dong-Ho Park, Ju-Hee Kang, Hyo-Bum Kwak
  Menopause.2022; 29(9): 1040.     CrossRef
• Current status of health promotion in Korea
  Soo Young Kim
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 776.     CrossRef
• Global prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Qianqian Gao, Fan Mei, Yi Shang, Kaiyan Hu, Fei Chen, Li Zhao, Bin Ma
  Clinical Nutrition.2021; 40(7): 4633.     CrossRef

Background
Dry sauna treatments improve the quality of life for chronic pain, congestive heart failure, and type 2 diabetes patients. This study aimed to determine whether dry sauna therapy improved the quality of life of obese people.
Methods
A total of 38 consecutive participants aged over 20 years with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m² were recruited for the study. The participants were treated with a 90°C dry sauna for 15 minutes, twice daily for 4 consecutive days. To assess the quality of life, all participants completed the 5 level EQ-5D questionnaires and the EQ-Visual Analog Scale. Study parameters were measured on the same day prior to commencing the sauna sessions in a fasted state and 2 days after the last sauna session.
Results
The average age was 62.3±9.5 years; 84.2% of the participants were female. The mean body mass index was 28.5±2.4 kg/m². Dry sauna significantly improved the mean 5 level EQ-5D index scores from 0.83±0.12 to 0.89±0.11 and increased the mean EQ-Visual Analog Scale from 79.0±15.2 to 91.1±9.7. However, there were no significant changes in body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate, or body composition before and after the 8-session sauna therapy.
Conclusion
Dry sauna improved the health-related quality of life of obese patients without adverse events. Further clinical studies in larger study populations are needed to verify these findings and provide concrete evidence for obesity treatment.

Citations

• Clinical Implication of Korean Dry Sauna Therapy
  Teruhiko Imamura
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2021; 42(3): 257.     CrossRef

Background
This study aims to examine the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of pre- or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by alcohol-induced flushing response in Korean male adults, particularly based on their body mass index (BMI).
Methods
This study selected 1,030 (158 non-drinkers, 364 flushers, and 508 non-flushers) male adults who had medical checkups. A logistic regression analysis was used to compare the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of pre- or T2DM.
Results
In both the normal-weight group (BMI <23 kg/m²) and the overweight group (BMI ≥23 kg/m² and <25 kg/ m²), the flushers had a higher risk of pre- or T2DM (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) when consuming more than 8 drinks of alcohol per week than the non-drinkers (normal-weight group: 3.43, 1.06–11.07; overweight group: 4.94, 1.56–15.67). But in the non-flushers among the normal-weight group and the overweight group, there was no significant difference compared to non-drinkers regarding the risk of pre- or T2DM. Obese flushers had a significantly higher risk of pre- or T2DM when consuming more than 4 drinks of alcohol per week than the non-drinkers (>4 and ≤8 drinks: 2.64, 1.10–6.36; >8 drinks: 2.42, 1.11–5.27). However, obese non-flushers had only a significant higher risk of pre- or T2DM when consuming more than 8 drinks of alcohol per week than the non-drinkers (2.72, 1.39–5.30)
Conclusion
These results suggest that obese flushers have an increased risk of developing pre- or T2DM even with less alcohol consumption.

Citations

• Epidemiologic relationship between alcohol flushing and smoking in the Korean population: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
  Hwa Jung Yook, Gyu-Na Lee, Ji Hyun Lee, Kyungdo Han, Young Min Park
  Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Current Status of Korean Alcohol Drinking in Accordance with the Korean Alcohol Guidelines for Moderate Drinking Based on Facial Flushing
  Sami Lee, Jihan Kim, Jong Sung Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2023; 44(3): 129.     CrossRef
• Association between alcohol intake and overweight and obesity: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 127 observational studies
  Mahdieh Golzarand, Asma Salari-Moghaddam, Parvin Mirmiran
  Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition.2022; 62(29): 8078.     CrossRef
• Alcohol and Testosterone Deficiency in People Who Experience Facial Flushes
  Jungun Lee
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2022; 43(6): 345.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Testosterone Deficiency according to Facial Flushes among Middle-Aged and Older Korean Men
  Kyungmi Koh, Sung Soo Kim, Jong-Sung Kim, Jin-Gyu Jung, Seok-Joon Yoon, Won Yoon Suh, Hyun Gu Kim, Namhee Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2022; 43(6): 381.     CrossRef
• Does the Risk for Diabetes Related with Alcohol Drinking Depend on Facial Flushing?
  Soo Young Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2020; 41(3): 137.     CrossRef

Background
Obesity in adolescence can continue up to adulthood and lead to various complications. There has been a continuous increase in the obesity incidence among adolescents, which is an emerging social issue. Studies have reported that decreased sleep duration in adolescents can have negative effects on health, leading to obesity. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and body mass index among South Korean middle and high school students aged 12–18 years.
Methods
The participants of the Sixth National Health and Nutrition Survey conducted during 2013–2015 were screened. We selected 1,177 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years who were enrolled in middle and high school or on leave of absence and had available data for sleep duration and body mass index (BMI) in the survey. Analyses of variance and covariance were performed after adjusting for confounding variables, including age, gender, waist circumference, and drinking experience, that showed significant correlations in univariate logistic regression.
Results
The analysis of covariance revealed that an increase in sleep duration led to a corresponding decrease in the mean BMI among all students and middle school students.
Conclusion
Significant negative correlations were confirmed between sleep duration and BMI in all students and middle school students.

Citations

• Current status of health promotion in Korea
  Soo Young Kim
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 776.     CrossRef

Background
Although both obesity, measured by body mass index, and visceral obesity are known to be major risk factors of metabolic syndrome and its components, there have been debates on the relative contribution of general obesity and visceral obesity to the development of metabolic syndrome.
Methods
We performed a large longitudinal cohort study of 3,093 subjects (age range, 18–65 years) who were metabolically healthy and had a normal weight who received health screenings over a 3-year follow-up period. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for incident metabolic syndrome and its components per sex-specific 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and body mass index.
Results
Both obesity and visceral obesity increased the risk of incident metabolic syndrome, but when HR was compared per sex-specific 1-SD, visceral obesity appeared to confer more risk than simple obesity. The HR for 1-SD of body mass index was 1.19 (95% CI, 1.07–1.32; P=0.001) in men and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.10–1.52; P=0.002) in women, while the HR for 1-SD of VAT was 1.29 (95% CI, 1.15–1.44; P<0.001) in men and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.28–1.75; P<0.001) in women.
Conclusion
Visceral obesity and obesity were longitudinally associated with an increased risk of incident metabolic syndrome among metabolically healthy adults, and visceral fat accumulation appears to be better predictor of metabolic syndrome.

Citations

• Association between visceral fat area and metabolic syndrome in individuals with normal body weight: insights from a Chinese health screening dataset
  Yongbing Sun, Xinbei Lin, Zhi Zou, Yang Zhou, Ao Liu, Xin Li, Yawei Du, Xiaoqi Ji, Zhonglin Li, Xiaoling Wu, Yong Wang, Xue Lv, Tao Li, Jiancheng Zhang, Zhiping Guo, Hao Li, Yongli Li
  Lipids in Health and Disease.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Different factors modulate visceral and subcutaneous fat accumulation in adults: a single-center study in Brazil
  Camila Lima Chagas, Nadja Fernandes da Silva, Isa Galvão Rodrigues, Gabriela Maria Pereira Floro Arcoverde, Victoria Domingues Ferraz, Dário Celestino Sobral Filho, Alcides da Silva Diniz, Cláudia Porto Sabino Pinho, Poliana Coelho Cabral, Ilma Kruze Gran
  Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Potential Therapeutic Exploitation of G Protein-Coupled Receptor 120 (GPR120/FFAR4) Signaling in Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders
  Dariusz Szukiewicz
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(6): 2501.     CrossRef
• Predictors of visceral obesity among patients with pathology of the gastrointestinal tract
  Yu.M. Stepanov, L.M. Mosiychuk, I.A. Klenina, О.М. Tatarchuk, O.P. Petishko, O.M. Shevtsova
  GASTROENTEROLOGY.2024; 58(1): 6.     CrossRef
• Determinants of central obesity in children and adolescents and associated complications in South Africa: a systematic review
  Cairo Bruce Ntimana, Kagiso Peace Seakamela, Reneilwe Given Mashaba, Eric Maimela
  Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Reconsidering Semaglutide Use for Chronic Obesity in Patients of Asian Descent: A Critical Review
  Jenny Lu, Grace Williams, Stacey Fanning
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Evaluation of ultrasonographic approaches aimed at determining distinct abdominal adipose tissue depots
  Nadja Fernandes da Silva, Cláudia Porto Sabino Pinho, Alcides da Silva Diniz
  Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association of food consumption and physical activity with metabolic syndrome according to central obesity status in Indonesian adults: A cross-sectional study
  Mayang Januarti Permatasari, Ahmad Syauqy, Etika Ratna Noer, Adriyan Pramono, Kusmiyati Tjahjono
  Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition).2023; 12(1): 31.     CrossRef
• Computed tomographic abdominal fat volume estimation – a handy tool to predict the risk of metabolic syndrome
  Navaneeth G.C, Rudresh Hiremath, Shweta Raviraj Poojary, Divya Vishwanatha Kini, Kavitha B. Chittaragi
  Polish Journal of Radiology.2023; 88: 379.     CrossRef
• Obesity considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak
  François Dohet, Suva Loap, Alain Menzel, Mohammed Iddir, Frédéric Dadoun, Torsten Bohn, Hanen Samouda
  International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research.2022; 92(1): 67.     CrossRef
• Current status of health promotion in Korea
  Soo Young Kim
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 776.     CrossRef
• Association of Visceral Adipose Tissue and Insulin Resistance with Incident Metabolic Syndrome Independent of Obesity Status: The IRAS Family Study
  Morgana Mongraw‐Chaffin, Kristen G. Hairston, Anthony J. G. Hanley, Janet A. Tooze, Jill M. Norris, Nicolette D. Palmer, Donald W. Bowden, Carlos Lorenzo, Yii‐Der Ida Chen, Lynne E. Wagenknecht
  Obesity.2021; 29(7): 1195.     CrossRef
• Proteins associated with incident metabolic syndrome in population-based cohorts
  Lars Lind, Johan Sundström, Johan Ärnlöv
  Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef

Background
This study aimed to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and intraocular pressure (IOP) according to facial flushing in Korean men with obesity.
Methods
The study included 479 Korean men with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 (75 non-drinkers, 174 with drinking-related facial flushing, and 230 without facial flushing) who underwent health check-ups between October 1, 2016 and March 31, 2017. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between alcohol consumption and high IOP (≥21 mm Hg).
Results
Flushers consuming ≤16 drinks per week had a significantly higher risk of high IOP than non-drinkers, depending on alcohol consumption (≤8 standard drinks: odds ratio [OR], 4.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05– 19.25; >8 but ≤16 standard drinks: OR, 8.14; 95% CI, 1.37–48.45). However, when the consumption was >16 drinks per week, the high IOP risk did not significantly increase (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.05–10.69). In addition, there was no significant relationship between alcohol consumption and high IOP among non-flushers consuming ≤8 drinks per week (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 0.52–8.19). However, a significantly increased risk of high IOP was observed among nonflushers consuming >8 drinks per week, depending on alcohol consumption (>8 but ≤16 standard drinks: OR, 4.84; 95% CI, 1.14–20.61; >16 standard drinks: OR, 4.08; 95% CI, 1.02–16.26).
Conclusion
This study suggests that obese men with alcohol flush reactions may have an increased risk of high IOP with the consumption of smaller amounts of alcohol than non-flushers.

Citations

• Association Between Alcohol Use and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
  Leo L.T. Meller, Bharanidharan Radha Saseendrakumar, Golnoush Mahmoudinezhad, Kiana Tavakoli, Jo-Hsuan Wu, Aman Parikh, Sonali Bhanvadia, Sasan Moghimi, Linda Zangwill, Robert N. Weinreb, Sally L. Baxter
  Journal of Glaucoma.2025; 34(2): 69.     CrossRef
• Current Status of Korean Alcohol Drinking in Accordance with the Korean Alcohol Guidelines for Moderate Drinking Based on Facial Flushing
  Sami Lee, Jihan Kim, Jong Sung Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2023; 44(3): 129.     CrossRef
• Association Between Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Glaucoma in Japan
  Kei Sano, Ryo Terauchi, Kota Fukai, Yuko Furuya, Shoko Nakazawa, Noriko Kojimahara, Keika Hoshi, Tadashi Nakano, Akihiro Toyota, Masayuki Tatemichi
  Journal of Glaucoma.2023; 32(11): 968.     CrossRef
• Alcohol, Intraocular Pressure, and Open-Angle Glaucoma
  Kelsey V. Stuart, Kian Madjedi, Robert N. Luben, Sharon Y.L. Chua, Alasdair N. Warwick, Mark Chia, Louis R. Pasquale, Janey L. Wiggs, Jae H. Kang, Pirro G. Hysi, Jessica H. Tran, Paul J. Foster, Anthony P. Khawaja
  Ophthalmology.2022; 129(6): 637.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Testosterone Deficiency according to Facial Flushes among Middle-Aged and Older Korean Men
  Kyungmi Koh, Sung Soo Kim, Jong-Sung Kim, Jin-Gyu Jung, Seok-Joon Yoon, Won Yoon Suh, Hyun Gu Kim, Namhee Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2022; 43(6): 381.     CrossRef
• Alcohol and Testosterone Deficiency in People Who Experience Facial Flushes
  Jungun Lee
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2022; 43(6): 345.     CrossRef
• Effects of Consumption of Alcohol on Intraocular Pressure: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010 to 2011
  Ji Eun Song, Joon Mo Kim, Mi Yeon Lee, Hye Joo Jang, Ki Ho Park
  Nutrients.2020; 12(8): 2420.     CrossRef
• Korean Alcohol Guidelines for Moderate Drinking Based on Facial Flushing
  Sami Lee, Jong-Sung Kim, Jin-Gyu Jung, Mi-Kyeong Oh, Tae-Heum Chung, Jihan Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2019; 40(4): 204.     CrossRef

Background
Obesity causes several changes in the body and is associated with both inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the relationship between abdominal obesity, diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs), and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) levels in Korean adults has not yet been proved. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between d-ROMs, BAP levels, and abdominal obesity in the Korean adult population using clinical data.
Methods
A total of 2,367 individuals, aged 18–86 years, were identified from health check-up examination records at a university hospital, between January 2015 and August 2016. Clinical and biochemical parameters, including waist circumference, lipid profile, alcohol drinking status, and smoking status, were investigated. Oxidative stress levels, viz., d-ROM concentration and antioxidant capacity, viz., BAP, were measured.
Results
Subjects with abdominal obesity presented significantly higher levels of d-ROMs compared to those with a normal waist circumference (P<0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, alcohol drinking status; smoking status; and triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein levels were found to have a significant positive correlation with abdominal obesity (P<0.001). BAP did not significantly correlate with abdominal obesity.
Conclusion
We observed a positive association between abdominal obesity and d-ROM concentration. This result indicates that abdominal obesity can increase oxidative stress and may affect the pathways involved in obesity, such as the inflammatory pathway. Such correlation analyses were helpful in revealing the causes, as well as methods to reduce, oxidative stress.

Citations

• Longitudinal relationship between baseline Weight-Adjusted Waist Index and stroke risk over 8 years in Chinese adults aged 45 and older: a prospective cohort study
  Xiaoqiang Li, Xiangmao Zhou, Hui Du, Hui Wang, Zhijian Tan, Yaqing Zeng, Zhibin Song, Guifeng Zhang
  Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• J-Shaped Relationship Between Weight-Adjusted-Waist Index and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Hypertensive Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Cohort Study
  Jianwen Zhao, Xintian Cai, Junli Hu, Shuaiwei Song, Qing Zhu, Di Shen, Wenbo Yang, Qin Luo, Xiaoguang Yao, Delian Zhang, Jing Hong, Nanfang Li
  Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2024; Volume 17: 2671.     CrossRef
• Comparative study of Lepidium sativum orally administered seeds, hydrogel and atorvastatin on obesity of rats fed on a high fat diet
  Basmah N. Aldosari, Hesham M. Tawfeek, Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif, Alanood Sunhat Almurshedi, Iman Mohammed Alfagih, Bushra Tawfeeq AlQuadeib, Asmaa Youssef A. Abbas, Heba M. Mohammed, Yasser A. Hassan, Mohamed H. Fayed, Nahla Sameh Tolba
  Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy.2024; 50(7): 605.     CrossRef
• Weight-adjusted waist index and cardiovascular disease: a population-based study in Ravansar, Iran
  Sepehr Sadafi, Ali Azizi, Ebrahim Shakiba, Yahya Pasdar
  Archives of Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association between the weight-adjusted waist index and stroke: a cross-sectional study
  Jiayi Ye, Yanjie Hu, Xinrong Chen, Zhe Yin, Xingzhu Yuan, Liping Huang, Ka Li
  BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Associations of oxidative balance score with total abdominal fat mass and visceral adipose tissue mass percentages among young and middle-aged adults: findings from NHANES 2011–2018
  Kai Wang, Minggang Deng, Jinyi Wu, Lingli Luo, Rui Chen, Fang Liu, Jiaqi Nie, Fengxi Tao, Qingwen Li, Xin Luo, Fang Xia
  Frontiers in Nutrition.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Effects of Antioxidants from Natural Products on Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes and Their Molecular Signaling Mechanism
  Chindiana Khutami, Sri Adi Sumiwi, Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram, Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(4): 2056.     CrossRef
• A Comparison Study on the Therapeutic Effect of High Protein Diets Based on Pork Protein versus Soybean Protein on Obese Mice
  Songsong Jiang, Shanshan Ji, Xinlei Tang, Tao Wang, Hengpeng Wang, Xiangren Meng
  Foods.2022; 11(9): 1227.     CrossRef
• Association between oxidative balance score and neck circumference in Korean adults
  Jina Yeo, In Cheol Hwang, Hong Yup Ahn
  Obesity Research & Clinical Practice.2022; 16(4): 343.     CrossRef
• Factors of Obesity and Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Asia
  Bryan J. Mathis, Kiyoji Tanaka, Yuji Hiramatsu
  Medicina.2022; 58(9): 1271.     CrossRef

Background
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is increasing worldwide. Several studies have suggested that obesity is associated with early renal dysfunction. However, little is known about the relationship between obesity phenotypes and early renal function decline. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the relationship between obesity phenotypes and early renal function decline in adults without hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of clinical and anthropometric data from 1,219 patients who underwent a routine health checkup in 2014. We excluded adults with cardiovascular disease, renal disease, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or low glomerular filtration rate (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Renal function was determined according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine-cystatin C equation.
Results
Age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and fasting glucose had an association with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, and alcohol intake, the odds ratios of the metabolically abnormal normal weight and metabolically abnormal obese phenotypes for the presence of low estimated glomerular filtration rates were 1.807 (95% confidence interval, 1.009– 3.236) and 1.834 (95% confidence interval, 1.162–2.895), compared with the metabolically healthy normal weight phenotype. However, the metabolically healthy obese phenotype did not show a significant association with early renal function decline.
Conclusion
In this cross-sectional study, we confirmed the association between the metabolically abnormal normal weight and metabolically abnormal obese phenotypes and early kidney function decline in adults without hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes.

Citations

• Obesity as a Risk Factor for Hyperglycemia, Electrolyte Disturbances, and Acute Kidney Injury in the Emergency Department
  Iulia Najette Crintea, Alexandru Cristian Cindrea, Ovidiu Alexandru Mederle, Teodor Florin Fulga, Adina Maria Marza, Alina Petrica, Cosmin Iosif Trebuian, Romulus Timar
  Biomedicines.2025; 13(2): 349.     CrossRef
• Obesity Class and Severity of Metabolic Emergencies: A Single-Center Retrospective Five-Year Study
  Iulia Najette Crintea, Alexandru Cristian Cindrea, Teodor Florin Fulga, Cosmin Iosif Trebuian, Adina Maria Marza, Alina Petrica, Ovidiu Alexandru Mederle, Romulus Timar
  Healthcare.2025; 13(6): 617.     CrossRef
• Metabolically healthy obesity and chronic kidney disease risk: exploring the dynamics
  Mustafa GULDAN, Lasin OZBEK, Ahmet U. TOPCU, Adrian COVIC, Mehmet KANBAY
  Panminerva Medica.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Visceral Adiposity Index and Lipid Accumulation Product as Effective Markers of Different Obesity Phenotypes in Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
  Sung Ryul Yu, Kyung-A Shin
  Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2023; Volume 16: 495.     CrossRef
• Metabolically healthy obesity is associated with higher risk of both hyperfiltration and mildly reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate: the role of serum uric acid in a cross-sectional study
  Hong Zhang, Rui Chen, Xiaohong Xu, Minxing Yang, Wenrong Xu, Shoukui Xiang, Long Wang, Xiaohong Jiang, Fei Hua, Xiaolin Huang
  Journal of Translational Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Prevalence and associations of metabolic syndrome in patients with alcohol use disorder
  Anna Hernández-Rubio, Arantza Sanvisens, Ferran Bolao, Isabel Cachón-Suárez, Carme Garcia-Martín, Antoni Short, Ramón Bataller, Roberto Muga
  Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of bariatric surgery on renal function and associated factors with bivariate analysis: a cohort study
  Juliana Amaro Borborema Bezerra, Eduardo Pachu Raia dos Santos, Carlos Teixeira Brandt
  F1000Research.2022; 11: 409.     CrossRef
• Metabolic obesity phenotypes and chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study from the RaNCD cohort study
  Samira Arbabi Jam, Behrooz Moloudpour, Farid Najafi, Mitra Darbandi, Yahya Pasdar
  BMC Nephrology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Abdominal obesity phenotypes and risk of kidney function decline: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study
  Asharf Shahali, Erfan Tasdighi, Maryam Barzin, Maryam Mahdavi, Majid Valizadeh, Mahtab Niroomand, Fereidoun Azizi, Farhad Hosseinpanah
  Obesity Research & Clinical Practice.2020; 14(2): 168.     CrossRef
• Obese First degree relatives of hemodialysis patients are at Higher Risk for Developing Kidney Diseases: In a Cross-sectional Study
  Abozaid Mohammed Elemam
  Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef

Background
The definition of sarcopenia focuses on muscle mass and function. Sarcopenic obesity is the relative excess of fat tissue with decreased muscle mass. We examined the association between cigarette smoking and sarcopenia according to obesity in middle-aged and elderly Koreans.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 9,385 subjects (age ≥50 years) based on data from the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2008–2011). Smoking groups were categorized by smoking status and the number of cigarettes smoked daily. Sarcopenia was defined as weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass of 2 standard deviations below the sex-specific mean for young adults. Obesity was defined as fat mass ≥30% for men and ≥40% for women. Subjects were categorized into three groups: sarcopenic obese (SO), sarcopenic non-obese (SNO), and normal. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between smoking and SNO and SO.
Results
Among men, current smokers were more associated with SNO than never-smokers (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–10.26). However, there was no significant association between smoking status and SNO in women or SO in either sex. Among current smokers, moderate smokers (11–20 cigarettes/d) were more likely to be SNO (adjusted OR, 5.81; 95% CI, 1.12–30.31) and heavy smokers (>20 cigarettes/d) were more likely to be SO (adjusted OR, 9.53; 95% CI, 1.65–55.01) than light smokers (<11 cigarettes/d).
Conclusion
In men, smoking was positively associated with SNO, and heavy smokers were more likely to be SO than light smokers.

Citations

• Prevalence of and risk factors for sarcopenia in patients with epilepsy
  Yu-Shiue Chen, Hung-Ling Huang, Huai-Hsien Huang, Tzu-Hsin Huang, Ming-Chi Lai, Chin-Wei Huang
  Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy.2025; 125: 162.     CrossRef
• Reliability and Clinical Validity of the SARC-Global Questionnaire for Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity in Spanish Older Adults
  Juan Manuel Guardia-Baena, María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile, Fidel Hita-Contreras, Agustín Aibar-Almazán, María de los Ángeles Arévalo-Ruíz, María Aurora Mesas-Aróstegui, Raquel Fábrega-Cuadros
  Nutrients.2025; 17(7): 1206.     CrossRef
• Association between triglyceride-glucose index and sarcopenic obesity in adults: a population-based study
  Zhengmei Zhao, Ruiting Cai, Lili Tao, Yuxiao Sun, Keping Sun
  Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Theoretical and Practical Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Sarcopenia
  Chunlin Hu, Xin Bao
  Journal of Contemporary Medical Practice.2024; 6(10): 42.     CrossRef
• Gene polymorphisms associated with heterogeneity and senescence characteristics of sarcopenia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  Amy H. Attaway, Annette Bellar, Nicole Welch, Jinendiran Sekar, Avinash Kumar, Saurabh Mishra, Umur Hatipoğlu, Merry‐Lynn McDonald, Elizabeth A. Regan, Jonathan D. Smith, George Washko, Raúl San José Estépar, Peter Bazeley, Joe Zein, Srinivasan Dasarathy
  Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2023; 14(2): 1083.     CrossRef
• Higher dietary protein intake is associated with sarcopenia in older British twins
  Mary Ni Lochlainn, Ruth C E Bowyer, Ailsa A Welch, Kevin Whelan, Claire J Steves
  Age and Ageing.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Role of Smoking in the Mechanisms of Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Atherosclerosis
  Stanislav Kotlyarov
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(10): 8725.     CrossRef
• Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and low muscle mass in US adults: a cross-sectional study
  Lin Shi, Liang Zhang, Dan Zhang, Zhuo Chen
  BMC Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Relationship between DNA methylation changes and skeletal muscle mass
  Jeong-An Gim, Sang-Yeob Lee, Seung Chan Kim, Kyung-Wan Baek, Sung Hyo Seo, Jun-Il Yoo
  BMC Genomic Data.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Tissue-specific mitochondrial toxicity of cigarette smoke concentrate: consequence to oxidative phosphorylation
  Stephen T. Decker, Alexs A. Matias, Adolfo E. Cuadra, Sean T. Bannon, Jack P. Madden, M. Enes Erol, Corinna Serviente, Karine Fenelon, Gwenael Layec
  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology.2023; 325(5): H1088.     CrossRef
• Association between smoking status and handgrip strength in Korean male adults: based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2019
  Eunbyul Cho, Hi Sun Soh, Jae-Ryun Lee, Jieun Yun, Woo Kyung Bae, Hyejin Lee
  Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Sleep duration and sarcopenia in adults aged ≥ 65 years from low and middle-income countries
  Lee Smith, Jae Il Shin, Nicola Veronese, Pinar Soysal, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Damiano Pizzol, Jacopo Demurtas, Mark A. Tully, Yvonne Barnett, Laurie Butler, Ai Koyanagi
  Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.2022; 34(7): 1573.     CrossRef
• Relationship between sarcopenia and cardiovascular disease risk among Taiwanese older adults
  Yuan-Yuei Chen, Wei-Liang Chen, Tao-Chun Peng, Fang-Yih Liaw, Yuan-Ping Chao, Tung-Wei Kao
  Public Health Nutrition.2022; 25(7): 1745.     CrossRef
• Obesity, dynapenia, and their combination: Implications for bone mineral density in Brazilian adults—the Pró-Saúde study
  Amina Chain, Eduardo Faerstein, Vivian Wahrlich, Flavia F. Bezerra
  Nutrition.2021; 81: 110898.     CrossRef
• Relationship between smoking and the incidence of sarcopenia: The SarcoPhAge cohort
  M. Locquet, O. Bruyère, L. Lengelé, J.Y. Reginster, C. Beaudart
  Public Health.2021; 193: 101.     CrossRef
• Skeletal System Biology and Smoke Damage: From Basic Science to Medical Clinic
  Umberto Tarantino, Ida Cariati, Chiara Greggi, Elena Gasbarra, Alberto Belluati, Luigi Ciolli, Giulio Maccauro, Alberto Momoli, Simone Ripanti, Francesco Falez, Maria Luisa Brandi
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(12): 6629.     CrossRef
• Association of Cigarette Smoking with Muscle Mass Reduction and Low Muscle Strength in Community-Dwelling Elderly Men
  Eriko NOGAMI, Nobuyuki MIYAI, Yan ZHANG, Masato SAKAGUCHI, Hiroko HAYAKAWA, Sonomi HATTORI, Miyoko UTSUMI, Yuji UEMATSU, Mikio ARITA
  Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Hygiene) .2021; 76: n/a.     CrossRef
• Sarcopenia in Liver Transplantation: an Update
  A. Dhaliwal, F. R. Williams, O. El-sherif, Matthew J. Armstrong
  Current Hepatology Reports.2020; 19(2): 128.     CrossRef
• Determinants of smoking behavior of older women (Ethnic Kaili) in Palu city
  Ratna Devi, Andi Zulkifli Abdullah, Rosmala Nur, Fauzan, Ni Wayan Sridani, Muhammad Ryman Napirah
  Enfermería Clínica.2020; 30: 52.     CrossRef
• Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Smoking: Landscape in the Mist
  Seung-Won Oh
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2019; 40(2): 61.     CrossRef
• Breastfeeding and Sarcopenia in Later Life
  Jungun Lee
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2019; 40(3): 133.     CrossRef

Background
Several studies have suggested that breastfeeding has a positive effect on long-term obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. This study aimed to examine maternal bone health, muscle mass, and obesity based on breastfeeding duration.
Methods
This study was based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2011. We selected 2,027 elderly women by screening survey participants with a history of delivery. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and obesity among four breastfeeding groups.
Results
The OR of sarcopenia significantly decreased with increasing breastfeeding duration (OR, 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11–0.65; P for trend <0.001), whereas the OR of obesity significantly increased with increasing breastfeeding duration (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.43–4.60; P for trend=0.009) after adjusting for potential confounding variables. We also found a positive correlation between the duration since last delivery and sarcopenia.
Conclusion
Our results suggest a negative correlation between prolonged breastfeeding and the prevalence of sarcopenia, and a positive correlation between prolonged breastfeeding and the prevalence of obesity. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between breastfeeding and sarcopenia in the future.

Citations

• Interventions and Programs to Promote Breastfeeding in Arabic-Speaking Countries: A Scoping Review
  Basil H. Aboul-Enein, Elizabeth Dodge, Nada Benajiba, Ruth M. Mabry
  Maternal and Child Health Journal.2023; 27(5): 774.     CrossRef
• Breastfeeding Duration Is Associated with the Risk of Tooth Loss, Chewing Difficulty, and Undernutrition among Older Korean Women: Results of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2013–2015
  Ye Rang Jo, Yoo Kyoung Park, Hee-Sook Lim
  Nutrients.2023; 15(24): 5024.     CrossRef
• Association of total lifetime breastfeeding duration with midlife handgrip strength: findings from Project Viva
  Irasema C. Paster, Pi-i D. Lin, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Wei Perng, Jorge E. Chavarro, Emily Oken
  BMC Women's Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Breastfeeding and Sarcopenia in Later Life
  Jungun Lee
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2019; 40(3): 133.     CrossRef

Background
BMI alone may not serve as an index of obesity because it does not reflect body composition. The present study aimed to compare arterial stiffness as assessed by the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) among groups defined by body fat percentage (pBF) and BMI.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was based on 1,700 participants (1,044 men and 656 women) who completed a health screening examination at a national hospital between January 2011 and February 2016. Participants were divided into four groups according to BMI and pBF: normal fat and normal weight (NFNW); excessive fat and normal weight (EFNW); normal fat and obese (NFO); and excessive fat and obese (EFO). The ba-PWV and other cardiometabolic factors were compared among the four groups in men and women separately.
Results
For both sexes, the NFNW group had a lower metabolic risk compared to that in the other groups (EFNW, NFO, and EFO). After adjusting for multiple variables, the NFO males had a significantly lower ba-PWV compared to those in the other groups, including NFNW males. The NFO group had significantly more skeletal muscle mass and muscle mass compared the other groups (P<0.05). Among women, the NFNW group had a significantly lower ba-PWV compared the other groups, even after adjusting for multiple variables.
Conclusion
Lower pBF in obese men may be associated with improved cardiovascular risk.

Citations

• Improved fatty acid profile reduces body fat and arterial stiffness in obese adolescents upon combinatorial intervention with exercise and dietary restriction
  Lei Xu, Xiaoyu Zou, Zhiqiang Gao, Caifeng Mao, Hang Su, Chunyan Li, Ning Chen
  Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness.2021; 19(4): 234.     CrossRef
• Borderline-High Mean Corpuscular Volume Levels Are Associated with Arterial Stiffness among the Apparently Healthy Korean Individuals
  Haneul Kwon, Byoungjin Park
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2020; 41(6): 387.     CrossRef

Background
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing, and obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation are the known risk factors. However, results of previous studies regarding the relationship between MetS and inflammation have not been consistent. This study aimed to identify the associations between C-reactive protein (CRP) and MetS and its components in obese and non-obese men and women.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study based on the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015), and a nationally representative sample of 3,013 Korean adults aged 40–78 years were included. Those with cardiovascular disease, cancer, CRP level >10 mg/L, white blood cell count >10,000/mm3 , chronic kidney disease, and lung/liver disease were excluded.
Results
Approximately 11.0%, 50.0%, 8.4%, and 48.8% of non-obese men, obese men, non-obese women, and obese women presented with MetS (P<0.001), respectively. In all four groups, those who presented with MetS or its components showed a higher high-sensitivity (hs-CRP) average than those without. Multivariate regression analysis showed the increased risk of developing MetS with higher quartiles of hs-CRP level in obese (3rd and 4th quartiles: odds ratios [ORs], 3.87 and 2.57, respectively) and non-obese women (4th quartile: OR, 2.63). The different components also showed increased ORs in the four groups. However, no statistically significant trend in the relationship was found in men.
Conclusion
Low-grade inflammation may increase the risk of MetS in Korean women independent of adiposity. However, due to the cross-sectional design of the present study, further studies must be conducted to identify the causal relationship between inflammation and metabolic disorders.

Citations

• Association of GGT and hs-CRP with hypertension across different glycemic states in Saudi adults: A cross-sectional study
  Basmah Eldakhakhny, Sumia Enani, Suhad Bahijri, Ghada Ajabnoor, Jawaher Al-Ahmadi, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Hanan Jambi, Amani Matook Alhozali, Anwar Borai, Jaakko Tuomilehto
  Heliyon.2025; 11(4): e42880.     CrossRef
• Association between Korean Healthy Eating Index and abdominal obesity in Korean adults: the mediating effect of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
  Jina Yoon, Dayeon Shin
  Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(1): 88.     CrossRef
• Association of Three Novel Inflammatory Markers: Lymphocyte to HDL‐C Ratio, High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein to HDL‐C Ratio and High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein to Lymphocyte Ratio With Metabolic Syndrome
  Rana Kolahi Ahari, Nazanin Akbari, Negin Babaeepoor, Zahra Fallahi, Sara Saffar Soflaei, Gordon Ferns, Mahmoud Ebrahimi, Mohsen Moohebati, Habibollah Esmaily, Majid Ghayour‐Mobarhan
  Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and risk of incident metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling adults: longitudinal findings over a 12-year follow-up period
  Taekyeong Lim, Yong-Jae Lee
  Endocrine.2024; 86(1): 156.     CrossRef
• Sex Differences in Biochemical Analyses, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Their Correlation with CRP in Healthy Mexican Individuals
  Aniel Jessica Leticia Brambila-Tapia, Alejandra Soledad González-Gómez, Laura Arely Carrillo-Delgadillo, Ana Míriam Saldaña-Cruz, Ingrid Patricia Dávalos-Rodríguez
  Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(9): 904.     CrossRef
• Systemic Inflammation Across Metabolic Obesity Phenotypes: A Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Adults Using High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker
  Seong-Uk Baek, Jin-Ha Yoon
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(21): 11540.     CrossRef
• The Interplay of Stress, Inflammation, and Metabolic Factors in the Course of Parkinson’s Disease
  Tal Ben Shaul, Dan Frenkel, Tanya Gurevich
  International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(22): 12409.     CrossRef
• Disturbed Ratios between Essential and Toxic Trace Elements as Potential Biomarkers of Acute Ischemic Stroke
  Anna Mirończuk, Katarzyna Kapica-Topczewska, Katarzyna Socha, Jolanta Soroczyńska, Jacek Jamiołkowski, Monika Chorąży, Agata Czarnowska, Agnieszka Mitrosz, Alina Kułakowska, Jan Kochanowicz
  Nutrients.2023; 15(6): 1434.     CrossRef
• Serum uric acid to creatinine ratio and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly population: Based on the 2015 CHARLS
  Tengrui Cao, Chao Tong, Aheyeerke Halengbieke, Xuetong Ni, Jianmin Tang, Deqiang Zheng, Xiuhua Guo, Xinghua Yang
  Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases.2023; 33(7): 1339.     CrossRef
• A review on linking stress, depression, and insulin resistance via low-grade chronic inflammation
  Seema Mehdi, Shahid Ud Din Wani, K.L. Krishna, Nabeel Kinattingal, Tamsheel Fatima Roohi
  Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports.2023; 36: 101571.     CrossRef
• C-Reactive Protein as a Marker of Inflammation in Children and Adolescents with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Mihaela-Andreea Podeanu, Adina Turcu-Stiolica, Mihaela Simona Subțirelu, Mioara Desdemona Stepan, Claudiu-Marinel Ionele, Dan-Ionuț Gheonea, Bianca Ștefănița Vintilescu, Raluca Elena Sandu
  Biomedicines.2023; 11(11): 2961.     CrossRef
• Emerging Perspectives on the Set of Conditions That Lead to the Emergence of Metabolic Syndrome
  Bogdan M. Tarcău, Laura G. Vicaș, Lorena Filip, Florin Maghiar, Mircea Șandor, Annamaria Pallag, Tunde Jurca, Mariana Eugenia Mureșan, Eleonora Marian
  Journal of Personalized Medicine.2023; 14(1): 32.     CrossRef
• Comparison of metabolic syndrome and related factors in married pre-menopausal white- and blue-collar woman
  Seungmi Park, Chul-Gyu Kim, Youngji Kim
  Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health.2022; 77(9): 744.     CrossRef
• Self-rated health may be a predictor for metabolic syndrome and high hs-CRP prevalences in healthy adults in South Korea: Based on the 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
  Mi Joung Kim, In Woo Kim
  Nutrition Research.2022; 102: 71.     CrossRef
• Effect of weekend catch-up sleep on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels according to bedtime inconsistency: a population-based cross-sectional study
  Soyoung Park, Dong Yoon Kang, Hyungwoo Ahn, Namwoo Kim, Jeong-Hwa Yoon, Bo Ram Yang
  Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effect of night shift on development of metabolic syndrome among health care workers
  Jyotirmayee Bahinipati, Rajlaxmi Sarangi, Mona Pathak, Srikrushna Mohapatra
  Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2022; 11(5): 1710.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Low Vegetable Consumption, Increased High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein Level, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Korean Adults with Tae-Eumin: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Jieun Kim, Kyoungsik Jeong, Siwoo Lee, Younghwa Baek, Swee Keong Yeap
  Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2021; 2021: 1.     CrossRef
• Effects of Antioxidant Vitamins, Curry Consumption, and Heavy Metal Levels on Metabolic Syndrome with Comorbidities: A Korean Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
  Hai Nguyen Duc, Hojin Oh, Min-Sun Kim
  Antioxidants.2021; 10(5): 808.     CrossRef
• High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Relationship with Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Factors
  Małgorzata Koziarska-Rościszewska, Anna Gluba-Brzózka, Beata Franczyk, Jacek Rysz
  Life.2021; 11(8): 742.     CrossRef
• Association between heavy metals, high-sensitivity C-reaction protein and 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases among adult Korean population
  Hai Duc Nguyen, Hojin Oh, Ngoc Hong Minh Hoang, Min-Sun Kim
  Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Can biomarkers be used to improve diagnosis and prediction of metabolic syndrome in childhood cancer survivors? A systematic review
  Vincent G. Pluimakers, Selveta S. van Santen, Marta Fiocco, Marie‐Christine E. Bakker, Aart J. van der Lelij, Marry M. van den Heuvel‐Eibrink, Sebastian J. C. M. M. Neggers
  Obesity Reviews.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Combined Effects of Insulin Resistance and Inflammation on Comorbidities of Type 2 Diabetes
  Eun Jung Kim, Eun Young Lee, Yong-Ho Lee, Young Ju Choi, Seok Won Park, Eun Jig Lee, Hyun Chul Lee, Kap Bum Huh
  The Journal of Korean Diabetes.2021; 22(3): 207.     CrossRef
• Significance of C-reactive protein determination in patients with metabolic syndrome
  Dušan Miljković, Slađana Todorović
  Medicinski casopis.2021; 55(2): 51.     CrossRef
• Serum alkaline phosphatase level is positively associated with metabolic syndrome: A nationwide population-based study
  Ji-Hye Kim, Hye Sun Lee, Hye-Min Park, Yong-Jae Lee
  Clinica Chimica Acta.2020; 500: 189.     CrossRef
• The association between C-reactive protein and common blood tests in apparently healthy individuals undergoing a routine health examination
  Tomer Ziv-Baran, Asaf Wasserman, Ilana Goldiner, Moshe Stark, Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty, Itzhak Shapira, David Zeltser, Inna Mailis, Shlomo Berliner, Ori Rogowski
  Clinica Chimica Acta.2020; 501: 33.     CrossRef

• High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Leads to Increased Incident Metabolic Syndrome in Women but Not in Men: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study in a Chinese Population

  
  Guo-bao Hong, Pei-chun Gao, Yun-ying Chen, Yue Xia, Xiao-su Ke, Xiao-fei Shao, Chong-xiang Xiong, Hai-shan Chen, Hua Xiao, Jing Ning, He-qun Zou
  Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2020; Volume 13: 581.     CrossRef
• Clinical and Pathogenic Characteristics of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Treated at the Vietnam National Children’s Hospital
  Hien T. Pham, Phuc T. T. Nguyen, Sinh T. Tran, Thuy T. B. Phung
  Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology.2020; 2020: 1.     CrossRef
• Association of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and metabolic syndrome components in middle-aged subjects without overt cardiovascular disease in LitHiR primary prevention programme
  Ieva Marija Saulė, Jurgita Mikolaitytė, Jolita Badarienė, Jūratė Zupkauskienė, Roma Puronaitė, Alma Čypienė, Aleksandras Laucevičius
  Seminars in Cardiovascular Medicine.2020; 26(1): 14.     CrossRef
• Associations of Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality with Metabolic Syndrome in Hemodialysis Patients: A Prospective Single-Center Study
  Zorica Dimitrijevic, Andriana Jovanovic, Mina Cvetkovic, Tamara Vrecic, Emina Kostic, Branka Mitic
  Medicina.2019; 55(10): 694.     CrossRef

Background
Early menarche may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between age at menarche and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean premenopausal women.
Methods
We used nationally representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2014, and 3,023 premenopausal women aged 20–55 years were our subjects. We defined early menarche as age at first menstrual period less than 12 years. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between age at menarche and MetS after adjusting for current age, and socioeconomic, lifestyle, and reproductive variables.
Results
MetS was much more common in women aged 40–55 years than in women aged 20–39 years (4.1% vs. 15.1%). Compared with women who experienced menarche at age 12–15 years, the risk of MetS in the early menarche group was not higher in either age group, after adjusting for current age, and socioeconomic, lifestyle, and reproductive variables (odds ratio [OR], 1.767; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.718–4.351 in those aged 20–39 years; OR, 1.780; 95% CI, 0.775–4.085 in those aged 40–55 years). The risk of MetS in women with menarche at age ≥16 years was not higher than in women with menarche at age 12–15 years.
Conclusion
Early or late menarche was not associated with an increased risk of MetS in premenopausal Korean women. Even before menopause, current age has a major influence on the development of MetS.

Citations

• Reproductive factors and metabolic syndrome among Chinese women aged 40 years and older
  Ling Bai, Xi Yang, Ziyi Sun, Zuojie Luo, Li Li, Xinghuan Liang, Jia Zhou, Liheng Meng, Yang Peng, Yingfen Qin
  Journal of Diabetes.2023; 15(1): 36.     CrossRef
• Separate and combined effects of famine exposure and menarche age on metabolic syndrome among the elderly: a cross-sectional study in China
  Congzhi Wang, Jiazhi Wang, Rui Wan, Ting Yuan, Liu Yang, Dongmei Zhang, Xiaoping Li, Haiyang Liu, Lin Zhang
  BMC Women's Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Mediator or moderator? The role of obesity in the association between age at menarche and blood pressure in middle-aged and elderly Chinese: a population-based cross-sectional study
  Lin Zhang, Liu Yang, Congzhi Wang, Ting Yuan, Dongmei Zhang, Huanhuan Wei, Jing Li, Yunxiao Lei, Lu Sun, Xiaoping Li, Ying Hua, Hengying Che, Yuanzhen Li
  BMJ Open.2022; 12(5): e051486.     CrossRef
• Long-term health outcomes of early menarche in women: an umbrella review
  Jeong-Seon Lee, Young Ah Lee, Choong Ho Shin, Dong In Suh, Yun Jeong Lee, Dong Keon Yon
  QJM: An International Journal of Medicine.2022; 115(12): 837.     CrossRef
• Association between Age at Menarche and Metabolic Syndrome in Southwest Iran: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
  Zahra Rahimi, Nader Saki, Bahman Cheraghian, Sara Sarvandian, Seyed Jalal Hashemi, Jamileh Kaabi, Amal Saki Malehi, Arman Shahriari, Nahal Nasehi
  Journal of Research in Health Sciences.2022; 22(3): e00558.     CrossRef
• Longitudinal 15-year follow-up of women with former early puberty: abnormal metabolic profiles not associated with earlier age at onset of puberty, but associated with obesity
  Somchit Jaruratanasirikul, Pitchaya Satitpatanapan, Hutcha Sriplung
  Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism.2021; 34(1): 71.     CrossRef
• The role of multiparity and maternal age at first pregnancy in the association between early menarche and metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and older women
  Tiago Novais Rocha, Pedro Rafael de Souza Macêdo, Afshin Vafaei, Dimitri Taurino Guedes, Ingrid Guerra Azevedo, Álvaro Campos Cavalcanti Maciel, Saionara Maria Aires da Câmara
  Menopause.2021; 28(9): 1004.     CrossRef
• Centenarian longevity had inverse relationships with nutritional status and abdominal obesity and positive relationships with sex hormones and bone turnover in the oldest females
  Shihui Fu, Ping Ping, Yulong Li, Bo Li, Yali Zhao, Yao Yao, Pei Zhang
  Journal of Translational Medicine.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Letter to the Editor Regarding the Article: Relationship between Age at Menarche and Metabolic Syndrome in Premenopausal Women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014
  Anthony Urteaga, Miluska Robles, Alonso Soto
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2019; 40(4): 284.     CrossRef
• Age-Group Related Cohort Effects on the Association between Age at Menarche and Metabolic Syndrome among Korean Premenopausal Women
  Sunmi Yoo, Yun-Seo Hwang
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2019; 40(4): 280.     CrossRef

Background
This study aimed to identify and examine the effects of weight control behaviors correlated with weight loss in obese individuals who attempted to lose weight within the past year.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, data from 9,461 obese individuals were collected from the fifth and sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2014). Three of nine verified methods of weight control suggested in the survey were selected: diet therapy (reduced food intake), exercise therapy (exercise), and medication therapy (prescribed weight loss medications). Participants were divided into one of seven groups (diet therapy alone; exercise therapy alone; drug therapy alone; combined diet and exercise therapy; combined exercise and drug therapy; combined diet and drug therapy; or combined diet, exercise, and drug therapy). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether the group that tried to lose weight in the past year had indeed lost weight compared to the group that did not.
Results
The odds ratios for weight loss (≥3 but <6 kg vs. ≥6 but <10 kg) for the combined therapies were 2.05 (95% confidence interval, 1.23–3.41) for combined diet and exercise therapy and 5.43 (1.74–16.92) for combined diet, exercise, and drug therapy.
Conclusion
All levels of weight loss were significantly associated with combined diet and exercise therapy. Weight loss ≥6 kg but <10 kg was significantly associated with combined diet and exercise therapy as well as with combined diet, exercise, and medication therapy among individuals who tried to lose weight in the past year.

Citations

• Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist relieved asthmatic airway inflammation via suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in obese asthma mice model
  Jung Hur, Ji Young Kang, Young Kyoon Kim, Sook Young Lee, Hwa Young Lee
  Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2021; 67: 102003.     CrossRef
• Pravastatin alleviates allergic airway inflammation in obesity-related asthma mouse model
  Hwa Young Lee, Eung Gu Lee, Jung Hur, Chin Kook Rhee, Young Kyoon Kim, Sook Young Lee, Ji Young Kang
  Experimental Lung Research.2019; 45(9-10): 275.     CrossRef

Background
Cut-off values for visceral fat area (VFA) measured by computed tomography (CT) for identifying individuals at risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) have not been clearly established in Korean adults, particularly for large populations. We aimed to identify optimal VFA and waist circumference (WC) cut-off values and compare the ability of VFA and WC to predict the presence of ≥2 metabolic risk factors.
Methods
We included 36,783 subjects aged 19–79 years undergoing abdominal fat CT during regular health checkups between January 2007 and February 2015 in Seoul. The risk factors for MetS except WC were based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to determine the appropriate VFA and WC cut-off values for MetS.
Results
VFA was a more significant predictor of metabolic risk factors than WC and body mass index (BMI). The optimal cut-off values for VFA and WC were 134.6 cm2 and 88 cm for men and 91.1 cm2 and 81 cm for women, respectively. We estimated age-specific cut-off values for VFA, WC, and BMI. VFA cut-off values increased with age, particularly among women.
Conclusion
This large population study proposed the cut-off values for VFA and WC for identifying subjects at risk of MetS among Korean adults. For more accurate diagnosis, different age-specific cut-off values for VFA and WC may be considered.

Citations

• Development of a sex-specific visceral fat area estimation using discrete multi-wavelength near-infrared spectroscopy measurements in Korean individuals
  Soonhyun Ban, Jihyeon Baek, Soee Choi, Sung-Ho Han
  International Journal of Obesity.2025; 49(4): 627.     CrossRef
• Association between visceral fat area and metabolic syndrome in individuals with normal body weight: insights from a Chinese health screening dataset
  Yongbing Sun, Xinbei Lin, Zhi Zou, Yang Zhou, Ao Liu, Xin Li, Yawei Du, Xiaoqi Ji, Zhonglin Li, Xiaoling Wu, Yong Wang, Xue Lv, Tao Li, Jiancheng Zhang, Zhiping Guo, Hao Li, Yongli Li
  Lipids in Health and Disease.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Analysis of the relationship between central adiposity and biomechanical, histological, and immunohistochemical properties of the anterior wall of abdominal aortic aneurysms
  Alexandre Malta Brandão, Marcos Vinícius Melo de Oliveira, Gina Camillo Rocha Silvestre, Alexandre Queiroz Silva, Michele Alberto Marques, Suely Aparecida Pinheiro Palomino, Maria de Lourdes Higuchi, Erasmo Simão da Silva
  JVS-Vascular Science.2025; 6: 100283.     CrossRef
• Association of a High Healthy Eating Index Diet with Long-Term Visceral Fat Loss in a Large Longitudinal Study
  Sunmin Park
  Nutrients.2024; 16(4): 534.     CrossRef
• Prediction of high visceral adipose tissue for sex‐specific community residents in Taiwan
  Yu‐Hsuan Chang, Chin‐Sung Chang, Chieh‐Yu Liu, Yin‐Fan Chang, Shiow‐Ching Shun
  Nursing & Health Sciences.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Evaluation for Performance of Body Composition Index Based on Quantitative Computed Tomography in the Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome
  Cuihong Li, Bingwu Xu, Mengxue Chen, Yong Zhang
  Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders.2024; 22(4): 287.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of visceral adipose tissue thresholds for elevated metabolic syndrome risk across diverse populations: A systematic review
  Jonathan P. Bennett, Carla M. Prado, Steven B. Heymsfield, John A. Shepherd
  Obesity Reviews.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with CT-based central adiposity measures: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan
  Zainab Hussain, Aysha Habib, Zafar Sajjad
  BMJ Open.2024; 14(7): e082095.     CrossRef
• Optimal cut-off values of visceral fat area for predicting metabolic syndrome among patients with ischemic stroke: a cross-sectional study
  Xueyan Lu, Jing Wang, Huijie Sun, Dandan Liu, Xiuli Yan, Zhuo Liu
  Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of time-restricted feeding (TRF)-model of intermittent fasting on adipose organ: a narrative review
  Zahra Bahadoran, Parvin Mirmiran, Khosrow Kashfi, Asghar Ghasemi
  Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Metabolic Syndrome in Obese and Non-Obese Individuals Presented at A Tertiary Care Hospital of Hyderabad, Pakistan
  Javeria Tariq, Mona Humaira, Atif Ahmed, Abeer Memon, Naila Memon, Madiha Shah
  Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences.2024; : 226.     CrossRef
• Impact of visceral obesity on the short-term outcomes after laparoscopic appendectomy
  Liangliang Ma, Hao Pan, Kui Chen
  Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 58(7): 757.     CrossRef
• Validation for measurements of skeletal muscle areas using low-dose chest computed tomography
  Woo Hyeon Lim, Chang Min Park
  Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Computed tomography reference values for visceral obesity and increased metabolic risk in a Caucasian cohort
  Michelle R. Baggerman, Ingeborg M. Dekker, Bjorn Winkens, Steven W.M. Olde Damink, Peter J.M. Weijs, Marcel C.G. van de Poll
  Clinical Nutrition ESPEN.2022; 48: 408.     CrossRef
• Sex Differences of Visceral Fat Area and Visceral-to-Subcutaneous Fat Ratio for the Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  Eun Hee Kim, Hong-Kyu Kim, Min Jung Lee, Sung-Jin Bae, Jaewon Choe, Chang Hee Jung, Chul-Hee Kim, Joong-Yeol Park, Woo Je Lee
  Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2022; 46(3): 486.     CrossRef
• Impact of metabolic syndrome on the short- and long-term outcomes for the elderly patients with gastric cancer after radical gastrectomy
  He Wu, Hao-Jie Jiang, Su-Lin Wang, Xi-Yi Chen, Liang-Liang Ma, Zhen Yu, Chong-Jun Zhou
  Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology.2022; 46(10): 102041.     CrossRef
• Gender differences in the ideal cutoffs of visceral fat area for predicting MAFLD in China
  Pingping Yu, Huachao Yang, Xiaoya Qi, Ruixue Bai, Shouqin Zhang, Jianping Gong, Ying Mei, Peng Hu
  Lipids in Health and Disease.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• CT-derived abdominal adiposity: Distributions and better predictive ability than BMI in a nationwide study of 59,429 adults in China
  Qiang Zeng, Ling Wang, Shengyong Dong, Xiaojuan Zha, Limei Ran, Yongli Li, Shuang Chen, Jianbo Gao, Shaolin Li, Yong Lu, Yuqin Zhang, Xigang Xiao, Yuehua Li, Xiao Ma, Xiangyang Gong, Wei Chen, Yingying Yang, Xia Du, Bairu Chen, Yinru Lv, Yan Wu, Guobin Ho
  Metabolism.2021; 115: 154456.     CrossRef
• Optimal Cut-Off Values of Visceral Fat Area for Predicting Metabolic Syndrome Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Ningbo, China
  Xi Yang, Yi Lin, Guo-dong Xu, Yan-shu Chen, Ye Zhou, Jing Sun, Li Li
  Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy.2021; Volume 14: 1375.     CrossRef
• Comparison of bioelectrical body and visceral fat indices with anthropometric measures and optimal cutoffs in relation to hypertension by age and gender among Chinese adults
  Binbin Zhang, Yaqi Fan, Yuxue Wang, Li Zhang, Chunjun Li, Jiangshan He, Pei Guo, Mianzhi Zhang, Minying Zhang
  BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Measurement of visceral fat and abdominal obesity by single-frequency bioelectrical impedance and CT: a cross-sectional study
  Zhengyang Xu, Yandong Liu, Chengxi Yan, Ruopei Yang, Li Xu, Zhe Guo, Aihong Yu, Xiaoguang Cheng, Lin Ma, Chunhong Hu, Giuseppe Guglielmi, Karen Hind
  BMJ Open.2021; 11(10): e048221.     CrossRef
• Novel Adiposity and Biochemical–Anthropometric Indices to Identify Cardiometabolic Risk and Metabolic Syndrome in Mexican Adults
  Patricia Lizett Rodríguez-Carrillo, Priscila Irene Aguirre-Tostado, Maciste H. Macías-Cervantes, Jorge Alejandro Alegría-Torres, Claudia Luevano-Contreras
  Healthcare.2021; 9(11): 1561.     CrossRef
• Metabolic Syndrome, as Defined Based on Parameters Including Visceral Fat Area, Predicts Complications After Surgery for Rectal Cancer
  Chong-Jun Zhou, Yi-Fan Cheng, Lin-Zhen Xie, Wan-Le Hu, Bo Chen, Lei Xu, Chong-Jie Huang, Mao Cai, Xian Shen, Chang-Bao Liu
  Obesity Surgery.2020; 30(1): 319.     CrossRef
• Differential effect of obesity on the incidence of retinal vein occlusion with and without diabetes: a Korean nationwide cohort study
  Dong Won Paik, Kyungdo Han, Se Woong Kang, Don-Il Ham, Sang Jin Kim, Tae-Young Chung, Dong Hui Lim
  Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• CT-defined visceral adipose tissue thresholds for identifying metabolic complications: a cross-sectional study in the United Arab Emirates
  Sunmi Yoo, Myung-Whun Sung, Hongdae Kim
  BMJ Open.2020; 10(8): e031181.     CrossRef

Background
The association between sleep duration and body composition measures in Korean adults remains unclear.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 3,532 subjects aged ≥40 years (1,542 men and 1,990 women) who participated in the 2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V-1. Self-reported sleep duration and anthropometric data were collected. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was quantified via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Obesity was defined according to the body mass index and waist circumference. Sarcopenia was defined as the muscle mass percentage (ASM/weight) below the lowest quintile computed for the study population. Multivariate logistic regressions with or without adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were used to evaluate the association of sleep duration with obesity and sarcopenia for participants who slept ≤5, 6–8, and ≥9 h/d. The results were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).
Results
In women, the association between sleep duration and sarcopenia was stronger for individuals who slept ≥9 h/d than for those who slept 6–8 h/d (unadjusted OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.19–3.34; adjusted OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.06– 2.96).
Conclusion
Longer sleep duration is associated with a significantly higher incidence of sarcopenia in Korean women aged ≥40 years.

Citations

• Effects of sleep on sarcopenia in individuals with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review
  I. de Frutos-Galindo, D. Catalina-Palomares, P. Yubero-García, L. Botella-Juan, D. Vargas-Caraballo-Lockwood, A. Marcos-Delgado, T. Fernández-Villa
  Medicina de Familia. SEMERGEN.2025; 51(4): 102483.     CrossRef
• Abnormal sleep duration is associated with sarcopenia in older Chinese people: A large retrospective cross-sectional study
  Xilin Peng, Ruihao Zhou, Congqi Liu, Xudong Chen, Tao Zhu, Guo Chen
  Open Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association of sleep duration and prevalence of sarcopenia: A large cross-sectional study
  Gang Zhang, Dong Wang, Jie Chen, Mingyue Tong, Jing Wang, Jun Chang, Xiaoping Gao
  Preventive Medicine Reports.2024; 42: 102741.     CrossRef
• Association between sarcopenia and sleep disorders: a cross-sectional population based study
  Kepeng Liu, Jinhui Luo, Yong Chen, Binfei Li, Ye Tian, Xianxue Wang, Xiaozu Liao
  Frontiers in Nutrition.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association between sleep duration and sleep quality with pre-sarcopenia in the 20–59-year-old population: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2005–2014
  Xiuxun Dong, Lei He, Li Zhang, Yang Shen
  Archives of Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The association between sleep parameters and sarcopenia in Japanese community-dwelling older adults
  Takuma Shibuki, Miho Iida, Sei Harada, Suzuka Kato, Kazuyo Kuwabara, Aya Hirata, Mizuki Sata, Minako Matsumoto, Yusuke Osawa, Tomonori Okamura, Daisuke Sugiyama, Toru Takebayashi
  Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2023; 109: 104948.     CrossRef
• Associations of Mutually Exclusive Categories of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior with Body Composition and Fall Risk in Older Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Renoa Choudhury, Joon-Hyuk Park, Chitra Banarjee, Ladda Thiamwong, Rui Xie, Jeffrey R. Stout
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 3595.     CrossRef
• The Modulation of Adipokines, Adipomyokines, and Sleep Disorders on Carcinogenesis
  Anna Brzecka, Helena Martynowicz, Cyryl Daroszewski, Maciej Majchrzak, Maria Ejma, Marta Misiuk-Hojło, Siva G. Somasundaram, Cecil E. Kirkland, Monika Kosacka
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(7): 2655.     CrossRef
• Sleep Duration and Sarcopenia: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Xiaoyan Li, Jie He, Qiuhua Sun
  Journal of the American Medical Directors Association.2023; 24(8): 1193.     CrossRef
• Association Between Sleep Pattern, Anthropometric Indicators, and Metabolic Risk Factors
  Zahra Yari, Samira Rabiei
  Sleep and Vigilance.2022; 6(1): 7.     CrossRef
• Associações entre duração de sono e índices de massa gorda, muscular e corporal em adolescentes de São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
  Karen das Graças Ferreira Passos Santana, Susana Cararo Confortin, Maylla Luanna Barbosa Martins Bragança, Rosângela Fernandes Lucena Batista, Iná da Silva dos Santos, Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva
  Cadernos de Saúde Pública.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Both Short and Long Sleep Durations are Risk Factors for Sarcopenia in Suburban-Dwelling Older Chinese Individuals: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study
  Peipei Han, Lin Hou, Zhenwen Liang, Wuxiong Chen, Junxue Li, Yazhou Cheng, Wenjing Zhou, Siya Zeng, Jiangtao Pan, Lanshan Xu, Yi Wang, Yangyi Chen, Qi Guo
  Nature and Science of Sleep.2022; Volume 14: 1089.     CrossRef
• Association of sleep duration with sarcopenic obesity in multi-ethnic older adults: findings from the WCHAT Study
  Mei Yang, Yan Zhang, Wan-yu Zhao, Mei-ling Ge, Xue-lian Sun, Shu-li Jia, Bi-rong Dong
  BMC Geriatrics.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Sleep duration and progression to sarcopenia in Japanese community‐dwelling older adults: a 4 year longitudinal study
  Sho Nakakubo, Takehiko Doi, Kota Tsutsumimoto, Satoshi Kurita, Hideaki Ishii, Hiroyuki Shimada
  Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle.2021; 12(4): 1034.     CrossRef
• Possible association between oral health and sleep duration
  Sungjun Han, Donghyun Jee, Yun-Jin Kang, Yong-Jin Park, Jung-Hae Cho
  Medicine.2021; 100(48): e28035.     CrossRef
• Association of Sleep Quantity and Quality with Sarcopenia in a Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults
  Takuma Shibuki, Sei Harada, Miho Iida, Yusuke Osawa, Suzuka Katoh, Kazuyo Kuwabara, Aya Hirata, Mizuki Sata, Minako Matsumoto, Tomonori Okamura, Daisuke Sugiyama, Toru Takebayashi
  SSRN Electronic Journal .2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Sleep duration and sarcopenia risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis
  Ali Pourmotabbed, Ehsan Ghaedi, Atefeh Babaei, Hamed Mohammadi, Habibolah Khazaie, Cyrus Jalili, Michael E. Symonds, Sajjad Moradi, Maryam Miraghajani
  Sleep and Breathing.2020; 24(4): 1267.     CrossRef
• Sarcopenia is associated with insomnia in Japanese older adults: a cross-sectional study of data from the Nagasaki Islands study
  Yuki Nagaura, Hideaki Kondo, Mako Nagayoshi, Takahiro Maeda
  BMC Geriatrics.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Sarcopenia-related features and factors associated with low muscle mass, weak muscle strength, and reduced function in Chinese rural residents: a cross-sectional study
  Hong-qi Xu, Ji-peng Shi, Chong Shen, Yu Liu, Jing-Min Liu, Xiu-yuan Zheng
  Archives of Osteoporosis.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Breastfeeding and Sarcopenia in Later Life
  Jungun Lee
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2019; 40(3): 133.     CrossRef
• Circadian rhythm disruption is associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia: a nationwide population-based study in Korea
  Youn I Choi, Dong Kyun Park, Jun-Won Chung, Kyoung Oh Kim, Kwang An Kwon, Yoon Jae Kim
  Scientific Reports.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef

Background
The present study aimed at identifying the difference in the risk of microalbuminuria among individuals with various obesity phenotypes in terms of metabolic health and obesity.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 15,268 individuals and used data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey conducted from 2011 to 2014. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m². Metabolically unhealthy was defined as meeting two or more of the following criteria: systolic and diastolic blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg or current use of hypertensive drugs; triglyceride level ≥150 mg/dL; high-density lipoprotein level <40/50 mg/dL (in both men and women); and fasting blood glucose level ≥100 mg/dL or current use of oral antidiabetic medications. The participants were further classified into four subgroups: metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO).
Results
A significant difference was observed in the microalbuminuria ratio among the four groups. The MHNO group was considered as the reference group, and the MHO, MUNO, and MUO groups were at an increased risk for microalbuminuria by 1.42 fold (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.03–1.96), 2.02 fold (95% CI, 1.61–2.53), and 3.40 fold (95% CI, 2.70–4.26), respectively, after adjusting confounding factors.
Conclusion
The MUNO group had a higher risk of developing microalbuminuria than the MHNO group. Thus, based on this result, differences were observed in the risk of developing microalbuminuria among individuals with various obesity subtypes.

Citations

• Metabolically healthy obesity is associated with higher risk of both hyperfiltration and mildly reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate: the role of serum uric acid in a cross-sectional study
  Hong Zhang, Rui Chen, Xiaohong Xu, Minxing Yang, Wenrong Xu, Shoukui Xiang, Long Wang, Xiaohong Jiang, Fei Hua, Xiaolin Huang
  Journal of Translational Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association Between Chinese Visceral Adipose Index and Albuminuria in Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Fang Yu, Aizhong Liu, Zhiming Deng, Shenglian Gan, Quan Zhou, Haowen Long
  International Journal of General Medicine.2023; Volume 16: 2271.     CrossRef
• Association between Adiposity Indexes and Kidney Disease: Findings from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (Elsa-Brazil)
  Alexandra Dias Moreira, Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez, Roberto Marini Ladeira, Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Junior, Maria de Jesus Fonseca, Sandhi Maria Barreto
  Journal of the American Nutrition Association.2022; 41(3): 275.     CrossRef

Background
Waist circumference is one of the key components of metabolic syndrome. Recent studies demonstrated that the reproductive profile was associated with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. This study focused on the association between central obesity and age at first childbirth. It also considered other factors associated with central obesity in postmenopausal women.
Methods
This study was based on the 2013–2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and involved 3,143 naturally postmenopausal women. These women were divided into three groups according to their age at first childbirth: 19 years or younger (n=252), 20–29 years (n=2,695), and 30 years or older (n=196). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed to evaluate the effects of various reproductive factors, including other confounding factors.
Results
During adjustment for confounding factors, in the early age at first childbirth group, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for central obesity decreased. In the final model, younger age at first childbirth was not significantly related to central obesity (waist circumference more than 85 cm) in naturally postmenopausal women after adjusting for other confounding factors.
Conclusion
Younger age at first childbirth was not significantly associated with central obesity after adjustment for confounding factors.

Citations

• The Mediating Role of Body Mass Index in the Association Between Age at First Childbirth and Lung Function Among Chinese Postmenopausal Women
  Gaili Wang, Huizi Tian, Kai Kang, Shixian Feng, Weihao Shao, Xiaorui Chen, Caifang Zheng, Bowen Zhang, Pei Pei, Weidong Zhang
  Clinical Epidemiology.2023; Volume 15: 289.     CrossRef
• Factors associated with the CVD risk factors and body fat pattern of postmenopausal Hindu caste and Lodha tribal populations living in India: An exploratory study
  Debasmita Kar, Subho Roy
  Women's Midlife Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Citations

• Barriers and Facilitators to Engagement With a Weight Management Intervention in Asian Patients With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review
  Vickram Vijay Anand, Ethan Lee Cheng Zhe, Yip Han Chin, Wen Hui Lim, Rachel Sze Jen Goh, Chaoxing Lin, Cheng Han Ng, Gwyneth Kong, Phoebe Wen Lin Tay, Kamala Devi, Mark Muthiah, Vijai Singh, Dinh-Toi Chu, Chin Meng Khoo, Mark Y. Chan, Georgios K. Dimitria
  Endocrine Practice.2023; 29(5): 398.     CrossRef
• A Qualitative Exploration of Weight Loss Experiences through Hypnotherapy
  Nurul Afiedia Roslim, Aryati Ahmad, Mardiana Mansor, Myat Moe Thwe Aung, Farrahdilla Hamzah, Pei Lin Lua
  International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis.2023; 71(3): 235.     CrossRef
• The experience of living with obesity for adults in Asian countries: A scoping review of qualitative studies
  Nor Akma Yunus, Grant Russell, Rosediani Muhamad, Tze Lin Chai, Mohamad Ariff Fahmi Ahmad Zawawi, Elizabeth Sturgiss
  Obesity Reviews.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Awareness of Blood Pressure or Blood Sugar Level and Subjective Body Weight Perception Impacts the Likelihood of Weight Loss Attempts among Overweight and Obese Adults: A Secondary Data Analysis
  Wonjong Kim, Ahra Jo, Geungyeong Park, Heeyoung Oh, Mirae Jo
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2023; 35(3): 195.     CrossRef
• Personal motivation, self-regulation barriers and strategies for weight loss in people with overweight and obesity: a thematic framework analysis
  Han Shi Jocelyn Chew, Yujia Gao, Asim Shabbir, Su Lin Lim, Kayambu Geetha, Guowei Kim, Choon Seng Chong, Davide Lomanto, Bok Yan Jimmy So
  Public Health Nutrition.2022; 25(9): 2426.     CrossRef
• Counselling and Behaviour Modification Techniques for the Management of Obesity in Postpartum and Midlife Women: A Practical Guide for Clinicians
  Gauri Shanker Kaloiya, Tanveer Kaur, Piyush Ranjan, Sakshi Chopra, Siddharth Sarkar, Archana Kumari, Harpreet Bhatia
  The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India.2022; 72(2): 134.     CrossRef
• What is it like to live with obesity in Peninsular Malaysia? A qualitative study
  Nor Akma Yunus, Grant Russell, Rosediani Muhamad, Chris Barton, Elizabeth Sturgiss
  Clinical Obesity.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Eating Concerns Associated with Nutritional Information Obtained from Social Media among Saudi Young Females: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Mona Mohammed Al-Bisher, Hala Hazam Al-Otaibi
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(24): 16380.     CrossRef
• Global Dieting Trends and Seasonality: Social Big-Data Analysis May Be a Useful Tool
  Myung-Bae Park, Ju Mee Wang, Bernard E. Bulwer
  Nutrients.2021; 13(4): 1069.     CrossRef
• Overweight or Obesity Onset and Past Attempts to Lose/Manage Weight: A Qualitative Study
  Ziaul Hasan Rana, Debra B. Reed, Wilna Oldewage-Theron, Conrad Lyford, Malinda Colwell, John A. Dawson
  Obesities.2021; 1(3): 136.     CrossRef
• Are pre-pregnancy weight fluctuations and adherence to prenatal nutrition and exercise recommendations related to excessive gestational weight gain?
  Taniya S. Nagpal, Harry Prapavessis, Christina G. Campbell, Barbra de Vrijer, Isabelle Giroux, Michelle F. Mottola
  Journal of Behavioral Medicine.2020; 43(6): 1047.     CrossRef
• An update on obesity research pattern among adults in Malaysia: a scoping review
  Noor Safiza Mohamad Nor, Rashidah Ambak, Norazian Mohd Zaki, Nur Shahida Abdul Aziz, Siew Man Cheong, Mohamad Aznuddin Abd Razak, Muslimah Yusof, Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad, Azli Baharuddin, Megat Rusydi Megat Radzi, Wan Nur Khairunnisa Wan Kozil, Intan Hafizah
  BMC Women's Health.2018;[Epub]     CrossRef

Citations

• Association of combined body mass index and central obesity with cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older adults: a population-based prospective cohort study
  Yunlian Xue, Xiaohong Yang, Guihao Liu
  BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Combined body mass index and abdominal obesity, lifestyle and health in a Norwegian adult population: a cross-sectional study
  Inger M. Oellingrath, Martin V. Svendsen, Anne K. M. Fell
  Journal of Public Health.2022; 30(2): 293.     CrossRef
• Association between Stroke and Abdominal Obesity in the Middle-Aged and Elderly Korean Population: KNHANES Data from 2011–2019
  Jong Yeon Kim, Sung Min Cho, Youngmin Yoo, Taesic Lee, Jong Koo Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(10): 6140.     CrossRef
• Effect of liraglutide 3.0mg treatment on weight reduction in obese antipsychotic-treated patients
  Seung Eun Lee, Nam Young Lee, Se Hyun Kim, Kyoung-Ah Kim, Yong Sik Kim
  Psychiatry Research.2021; 299: 113830.     CrossRef
• Framingham Risk Score Assessment in Subjects with Pre-diabetes and Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Korea
  Hyuk Sang Kwon, Kee Ho Song, Jae Myung Yu, Dong Sun Kim, Ho Sang Shon, Kyu Jeung Ahn, Sung Hee Choi, Seung Hyun Ko, Won Kim, Kyoung Hwa Lee, Il Seong Nam-Goong, Tae Sun Park
  Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome.2021; 30(3): 261.     CrossRef
• Reuniting overnutrition and undernutrition, macronutrients, and micronutrients
  Miji Kim, Anam Basharat, Ramchandani Santosh, Syed F. Mehdi, Zanali Razvi, Sun K. Yoo, Barbara Lowell, Amrat Kumar, Wunnie Brima, Ann Danoff, Rachel Dankner, Michael Bergman, Valentin A. Pavlov, Huan Yang, Jesse Roth
  Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Central obesity transition increased urinary levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in male adults: A 3-year follow up study
  Chen Hu, Guiyang Wang, Wenjun Yin, Yun Zhou, Jian Hou, Xian Wang, Weihong Chen, Jing Yuan
  Metabolism.2019; 91: 53.     CrossRef
• Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Based on Combined Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Korean Adults
  Young Gyu Cho
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2017; 38(6): 313.     CrossRef