Background
Establishing cost-effective informal care services for lonely older adults living at home in developing countries can be an innovative approach for improving their well-being. This study investigated the effectiveness of an informal home care support intervention program (HoSIP) reducing the loneliness and improving quality of life of lonely community-dwelling older adults.
Methods
This quasi-experimental pre-post study employed a non-randomized control group design with a 12-week intervention period and three follow-up points at the end of the HoSIP. Questionnaires were used to measure feelings of loneliness (20-item UCLA Loneliness Scale), quality of life (Control, Autonomy, Self‐Realization and Pleasure Scale), general health (12-item General Health Questionnaire), social network (six-item Lubben Social Network Scale), social support (12-item Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support), and self-care ability (17-item Self-care Ability Scale for the Elderly). Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to gauge the effect of the intervention program over time and in comparison to the control group. Data analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics software (IBM Corp.).
Results
We found a significant relationship between the outcome variables, including feelings of loneliness (P<0.001) and quality of life (P<0.001), at different stages of measurement. Despite the positive feasibility results, the implementation of the HoSIP faced challenges due to a lack of facilities (e.g., place restriction for holding educational classes, educational facilities like computers, video projector, and whiteboard at daycare center) and the absence of supporting organizations.
Conclusion
Utilizing the existing capabilities of older adults to provide online and face-to-face care services can be a cost-effective way to improve their quality of life and reduce loneliness. The process of facilitating such informal care services for lonely older adults should be managed by either governmental or non-governmental organizations to reduce the rate of social isolation among this vulnerable population.

Background
The increasing older adult population requires attention in terms of education and health, as higher education levels contribute to cognitive reserve and may protect against age-related cognitive impairment. Cognitive reserve is an individual’s cognitive flexibility in using cognitive functions affected by brain aging, neurological diseases, and injury. Indonesia has a high prevalence of low-educated older adults, which strongly correlates with progressive cognitive impairment. Identifying risk factors for cognitive decline in this population is crucial. This study determines the factors affecting cognitive impairment in low-educated older adults using cross-sectional data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey-5.
Methods
This descriptive study analyzed 2,313 low-educated older adults ≥60 years old. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to describe the sample and identify the relationships between categorical variables. Logistic regression identified the most significant factor affecting cognitive impairment.
Results
The prevalence of cognitive impairment in low-educated older adults is 22.6%. The chi-square test revealed significant relationships between those who are aged 75 years, a status other than married, female, living in rural areas, and not participating in social activities. Age is the most prominent factor affecting cognitive impairment in such adults (P<0.001; adjusted odds ratio, 3.232; 95% confidence interval, 2.500–4.180).
Conclusion
Cognitive impairment in the aforementioned adults is associated with being ≥75 years old, being a status other than married, being female, living in rural areas, and not participating in social activities. After controlling other variables, low-educated older adults who participated in at least ≥1 social activity in the last 12 months experienced cognitive impairment 0.64 times compared to those who did not participate in social activities.

Citations

• Impact of social wellbeing on tooth loss and cognition: A scoping review
  Charlotte Cheuk Kwan Chan, Huimin Chen, Colman McGrath, Iven Klineberg, Gloria Hoi Yan Wong, Hui Chen
  Journal of Dentistry.2024; 150: 105376.     CrossRef

Background
Evidence regarding the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and insulin resistance in a non-diabetic population is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the association between relative HGS and insulin resistance in older men without diabetes, using a representative sample of the Korean male population.
Methods
The study population comprised 206 participants aged 65–80 years, selected from the 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Insulin resistance was defined as the upper tertile of the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for insulin resistance were assessed using multiple logistic regression analyses after adjusting for confounding variables.
Results
The prevalence of insulin resistance decreased with increasing relative HGS. The prevalence in the T1, T2, and T3 groups was 46.0%, 32.2%, and 26.4%, respectively. Compared with the individuals in the highest tertile of relative HGS, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for insulin resistance in individuals in the lowest quartile was 2.82 (1.10–7.21) after adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, residential area, household income, and education level.
Conclusion
Lower relative HGS was inversely associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance in older Korean men without diabetes. In clinical practice, relative HGS, which is a simple and inexpensive tool, could be a useful measure for identifying older men with insulin resistance. Moreover, these findings suggest that muscle strengthening exercises should be considered to reduce insulin resistance and increase insulin sensitivity.

Citations

• Analysis of Handgrip Strength with Insulin Resistance in Male and Female Indonesian Adults
  Liong Boy Kurniawan, Sabilla Sheridan, Andi Wali Syafaat, Andi Ainun Zulkiah Surur, Naurah Nadhifah, Ichlas Nanang Afandi, Andi Ariyandy, Muhammad Iqbal Basri, Aminuddin Aminuddin
  INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY.2025; 31(2): 145.     CrossRef
• Guidelines for physical activity counseling in primary healthcare clinics
  Yun Jun Yang
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 265.     CrossRef
• Dietary patterns and the risk of diabetes in Korean adults: A cross-sectional and prospective cohort study
  Jiyoung Hwang, Hyesook Kim, Oran Kwon
  Nutrition.2024; 125: 112491.     CrossRef
• Correlation between low handgrip strength and metabolic syndrome in older adults: a systematic review
  Joana da Costa d'Avila, Talel Georges Moreira El Nabbout, Hayfa Georges Moreira El Nabbout, Aline dos Santos Silva, Antonio Carlos Barbosa Ramos, Eliana Rosa da Fonseca, Aluana Santana Carlos, Rodrigo de Azeredo Siqueira
  Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Handgrip strength in type 2 diabetics and nondiabetics: A comparative cross-sectional study among adults in rural Mysore
  Deepak ANIL, M. RAKESH, Shabeena AKBAR, Vijaylakshmi Rao VADAGA, D. Sunil KUMAR
  Journal of Integrative Nursing.2024; 6(3): 150.     CrossRef
• Association of relative handgrip strength on the development of diabetes mellitus in elderly Koreans
  Yeo Ju Sohn, Hong Soo Lee, Hasuk Bae, Hee Cheol Kang, Hyejin Chun, Insun Ryou, Eun Jee Chang, Sungchan Kang, Sang Wha Lee, Kyung Won Shim, Mario Ulises Pérez-Zepeda
  PLOS ONE.2024; 19(10): e0309558.     CrossRef
• Association between handgrip strength and mortality risk among cardiovascular disease patients: A cohort study from the NHANES 2011–2014
  Zhengjie Qin, Youhua Guo, Weilin Yang, Zhuoran Kuang, Guoming Li
  Journal of the Formosan Medical Association.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia among patients undergoing hemodialysis
  Ting Xiang, Ping Fu, Li Zhou
  Frontiers in Endocrinology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Relationships of neck circumference and abdominal obesity with insulin resistance considering relative handgrip strength in middle-aged and older individuals
  Kayoung Lee
  Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2023; 114: 105097.     CrossRef

Background
Geriatric syndromes are associated with morbidity and poor quality of life (QOL). Urinary incontinence (UI) is one of the most prevalent geriatric syndromes. However, there is little research on the association of UI and UI-related QOL with other geriatric syndromes. We investigated the relationship between geriatric syndromes and UI according to gender and UI-related QOL among older inpatients.
Methods
This study was conducted among 444 older inpatients (aged 65 years and older) between October 2016 and July 2017. We examined geriatric syndromes and related factors involving cognitive impairment, delirium, depression, mobility decline, polypharmacy, undernutrition, pain, and fecal incontinence. UI-related QOL was assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate these associations.
Results
Geriatric syndromes and related factors were associated with UI. Mobility decline (odds ratio [OR], 4.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.29–7.56), polypharmacy (OR, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.89–5.92), and pain (OR, 6.80; 95% CI, 3.53–13.09) were related to UI in both genders. Especially, delirium (OR, 7.55; 95% CI, 1.61–35.44) and fecal incontinence (OR, 10.15; 95% CI, 2.50–41.17) were associated with UI in men, while cognitive impairment (OR, 4.19; 95% CI, 1.14–15.44) was significantly associated with UI in women. Patients with depression were more likely to have poor UI-related QOL (OR, 8.54; 95% CI, 1.43–51.15).
Conclusion
UI was associated with different geriatric syndromes and related factors according to gender. Care for patients with depression, related to poor UI-related QOL, should be considered in primary care to improve the UI-related QOL of these individuals.

Citations

• SCREENING FOR SARCOPENIA IN OLDER ADULTS LIVING IN KIRIKKALE PROVINCE: A PILOT STUDY
  Şeyma Akdağli, Meral Sertel
  Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi.2025; 27(1): 14.     CrossRef
• Impact of Polypharmacy and Risk Factors for Exacerbation of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Patients with Urological Conditions: A Retrospective Study in a Japanese Municipal Hospital
  Shunsuke Yoshizawa, Tomoya Tachi, Yuta Takahashi, Satoshi Aoyama, Yoshihiro Noguchi, Kazuhide Tanaka, Masahiro Yasuda, Takashi Mizui, Hisao Komeda, Tomoaki Yoshimura, Hitomi Teramachi
  Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin.2024; 47(4): 818.     CrossRef
• PREVALÊNCIA DA POLIFARMÁCIA ASSOCIADA A FUNCIONALIDADE EM PESSOAS IDOSAS HOSPITALIZADAS
  Danielle Bordin, Laurieli Pereira de Oliveira, Lara Simone Messias Floriano, Carla Luiza Da Silva, Everson Augusto Krum, Clóris Regina Blanski Grden
  Revista Enfermagem Atual In Derme.2024; 98(3): e024347.     CrossRef
• Prevalence of urinary incontinence and its associated predictor and Self-care behavior among the elderly females in Chaiyaphum Province, Thailand: Cross-sectional study
  Patchareepon Chompoowisate, Sumattana Glangkarn, Chaloemporn Namyota
  Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Identification of Factors Affecting the Increased Percentage of CGA Recommendations among Patients on Geriatric Ward
  Justyna Gołębiowska, Małgorzata Szymala-Pędzik, Joanna Żórawska, Małgorzata Sobieszczańska, Siddarth Agrawal
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(3): 2065.     CrossRef
• Factors Affecting Urinary Incontinence-related Quality of Life in Geriatric Patients: An observational Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Hospital Urology Clinic in Turkey
  Reha Girgin, Engin Denizhan Demirkıran
  Iberoamerican Journal of Medicine.2022; 4(4): 177.     CrossRef
• The effect of incontinence on depression among older adults: a longitudinal study in China
  Y. Zhang
  Public Health.2022; 212: 58.     CrossRef
• Urinary incontinence and related quality of life among elderly women in Tabas, South Khorasan, Iran
  Zahra Najafi, Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad, Sara Jambarsang, Hassan Rezaeipandari, Roya Hemayati
  BMC Urology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Urinary incontinence and the association with depression, stress, and self-esteem in older Korean Women
  Hoo-yeon Lee, Yumie Rhee, Kui Son Choi
  Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Prevalence of sarcopenia in older women with pelvic floor dysfunction
  Rávida R.L. Silva, Janaína F.V. Coutinho, Camila T.M. Vasconcelos, José Ananias Vasconcelos Neto, Rachel Gabriel B. Barbosa, Marília B. Marques, Dayana M. Saboia, Juliana C. Maia
  European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology.2021; 263: 159.     CrossRef
• Kontinenz und Mobilität – zwei Seiten einer Medaille?
  Sigrid Ege
  DMW - Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift.2021; 146(15): 959.     CrossRef
• An Exergame Solution for Personalized Multicomponent Training in Older Adults
  Vânia Guimarães, Elsa Oliveira, Alberto Carvalho, Nuno Cardoso, Johannes Emerich, Chantale Dumoulin, Nathalie Swinnen, Jacqueline De Jong, Eling D. de Bruin
  Applied Sciences.2021; 11(17): 7986.     CrossRef
• The prevalence and risk factors for urinary incontinence among inpatients, a multicenter study from Turkey
  Sumru Savas, Bülent Saka, Sibel Akın, Ilker Tasci, Pinar Tosun Tasar, Asli Tufan, Hakan Yavuzer, Cafer Balci, Gülbüz Sezgin, Mehmet Akif Karan, Fatma Ozge Kayhan Kocak, Zeynel Abidin Ozturk, Murat Varli, Deniz Suna Erdinçler, Mert Esme, Selim Nalbant, Mus
  Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2020; 90: 104122.     CrossRef
• Possible relationship between prescription medications and urinary dysfunction in elderly home health care patients
  Sayaka Miyazaki, Shizuo Yamada, Sadanori Higashino, Yoriko Watanabe, Katsuyoshi Mizukami
  Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Geriatrics.2019; 56(3): 301.     CrossRef