Background
: Recently, adolescent smoking has become one of the most serious problems in our society. In this study, we surveyed smoking status, family function by Korean family function assessment tool, history of abuse, and others to know the factors associated with smoking for high school students.

Methods : In May 2001, a total of 1,033 students from 2 male and 2 female general high schools located in Seoul were assessed with self-completing questionnaire. Among the total, there were 502 male and 533 female students.

Results : The percentage of male smokers was 27.7% and that of female smokers was 14.5%. The percentage of smokers was significantly higher in students with a history of physical abuse, psychological abuse or negligence (only in males) than in students without them. The family function score of the smokers was 127.3±20.3 and that of the non-smokers was 140.3±21.0 in males. The family function score of the smokers was 121.5±17.45 and that of the non-smokers was 140.9±22.1 in females. The family function score of the smokers was significantly lower than that of the non-smokers in males and females. In 6 factors (supportiveness, alienation, closeness, roles, sociality, authority (only in males)) each family function score of the smokers was significantly lower than that of the non-smokers in males and females.

Conclusion : Adolescent smoking was associated with family function and history of abuse (physical, psychological and negligence (only in males)).

Background
: Despite widespread recognition of the hazardous health effects of smoking, adolescent smoking continues increase, emerging as a public health problem. However few studies have focused on smoking cessation programs for adolescent smokers. The purpose of this study was to measure the short-term effects of adolescent smoking cessation program performed by the Seoul School Health Center.

Methods : Four hundred and twenty adolescent smokers referred from their schools form March to December of 1996 were assessed before and immediately after the program with a self-questionnaire. The data acquired from these 420 students was analyzed.

Results : Males were found to have a higher rate of daily smoking as compared with females. Middle school students had an earlier starting age than those of high school students. About 70% of the students had tried to stop smoking and about 1/3 had a high level of self-efficacy in stop smoking. More than 80% of the students were current alcohol drinkers and 10% ever had experience with other drugs. Many showed poor academic performance and low degree of satisfaction with their schools. More than 50% had experienced punishment at school. Middle and high economic status were more common than low status, 73.3% had smokers in their families and 43.3% showed severe dysfunction in family APGAR. Smoking cessation rate immediately after the program was 37.4%, highest in female high school students and lowest in male high school students. Factors shown to be significantly associated with smoking cessation in males were school age, FTQ scores, presence of peer smokers, smoking and alcohol status, self-efficacy in stop smoking and degree of satisfaction with their schools. School age, presence of peer smokers, smoking and other drug use status, self-efficacy in stop smoking, academic performance, degree of satisfaction with their school, experience of runaway from home, economic status and presence of smokers in their families were significant factors in females. Stepwise logistic regression showed that current alcohol users were less likely to succeed in smoking cessation and those with a higher level of self-efficacy in stop smoking were more likely to succeed in males. In females, high school students with higher economic status were more likely to succeed while those with smokers in their families or experience of runaway from home were less likely to succeed.

Conclusion : To promote smoking cessation, specified and risk-based approaches are considered to encourage the motivation of adolescent smokers. For more effectiveness, programs will need to comprehensively include the school, the family, peers, alcohol and other drug issues as well as smoking problem itself.

Background
: The purpose of this study was to figure out the prevalence of smoking, alcohol and other drug abuse and the relationships among them.

Methods : In July 1996, a total of 4,438 school adolescents randomly sampled from 6 schools(2 middle schools, 2 general high schools, 2 vocational high schools) in Seoul were assessed with a self-completing questionnaire pertaining to smoking, alcohol and other drug(sedatives, stimulants, inhalants) use.

Results : The current smoking rate of the study subjects in the study was 17.1%(male: 27.5%, female: 8.3%) and the current alcohol drinking rate was 29.4%(male: 34.0%, female: 25.4%). The experience rate of sedatives and stimulants was 4.0%(male: 4.7%, female: 4.4%) and 12.1%(male: 7.0%, female: 16.6%), respectively. The experience rate of glue, butane gas and other volatile solvents was 1.3%(male: 2.5%, female: 0.4%), 0.8%(male: 2.0%, female: 0.2%) and 1.0%(male: 1.4%, female: 0.6%), respectively. Current alcohol drinking as well as smoking was increased with age, higher in males than females, higher in vocational high school students than general high school students. The experience rate of stimulants was higher in females than males but the experience rate of inhalants(glue, butane gas, organic solvents) was higher in males than females. The younger the age of the study subject, the earlier the starting age of smoking and alcohol drinking. Smoking, alcohol and other drug use status was highly associated with one another.

Conclusion : The most commonly used drugs by the study subjects were alcohol, cigarettes, stimulants, sedatives and inhalants in this order. Higher experience rate was seen in vocational high school students than general high school students.