Quetiapine-induced hypokalemic periodic paralysis (QIHPP) is a rare condition. Herein, we present the case of a 31-year-old pregnant Malay woman diagnosed with bipolar II disorder and QIHPP. She presented to the casualty department with a 2-day history of bilateral lower limb weakness and numbness. Her renal function tests showed moderate hypokalemia (2.5 mmol/L), whereas other investigations were normal. Quetiapine was suspected to be the cause, prompting a psychiatric referral to manage her acute condition. Balancing the risks of untreated QIHPP against the potential relapse of bipolar symptoms from quetiapine discontinuation or dosage reduction poses a significant treatment challenge for pregnant women with QIHPP. Finally, we reduced the quetiapine dosage after careful consideration, leading to the normalization of potassium levels and symptom resolution. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of this side effect when initiating or continuing quetiapine treatment in women of childbearing age or pregnant women with psychiatric disorders. It is crucial to monitor serum electrolytes, especially potassium, following quetiapine administration and warn patients about its potential side effects.

Background
The use of e-cigarettes is increasing globally, particularly among young adults. Although several use them to quit smoking, their effects are controversial. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used to assess nicotine dependence in the smoking cessation process. This study examined changes in FTND scores among young adults using different types of cigarettes over a 1-year period.
Methods
Prospective cohort data were collected from cigarette users at higher education institutions in the lower northern region of Thailand to analyze changes in FTND scores over a 1-year period. E-cigarette users and combined users were compared with conventional cigarette users. A marginal structural model (MSM) with an inverse probability of weighting (IPW) was used to adjust for time-dependent and time-independent confounders.
Results
Of the 133 participants, 58 were e-cigarette users (43.6%), 33 were combined cigarette users (24.8%), and 42 were conventional cigarette users (31.6%). The results revealed that when both time-dependent and time-independent confounders were adjusted using MSM with IPW, e-cigarette users had a 0.20 decrease in the mean FTND score, and combined users had a 0.47 decrease in the mean FTND score compared to conventional cigarette users. However, the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusion
The use of e-cigarettes or combined cigarettes did not significantly affect nicotine dependence levels in young adults over a 1-year period. Consequently, e-cigarettes should not be recommended to reduce nicotine dependence among young adult cigarette users. Further studies are required to determine whether e-cigarettes affect smoking cessation rates.

Metformin is the most widely used antihyperglycemic drug in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Over the past 2 decades, several studies have highlighted a substantial increase in the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with T2D on metformin therapy. This can lead to several complications and induce or exacerbate peripheral neuropathy. Despite these data, there are no definite guidelines for screening, diagnosing, and treating vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with T2D on metformin therapy. Therefore, in this narrative review, we aimed to suggest a practical diagnostic and therapeutic strategy to address vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with T2D receiving metformin treatment. Clinical evidence supporting an increased risk of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with T2D on metformin therapy and its risk factors and potential complications are also discussed.

Citations

• Rethinking about Metformin: Promising Potentials
  Kyunam Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2024; 45(5): 258.     CrossRef
• Prevalence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Metformin Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Shoaib Asghar, Haider Tanvir, Asad Riaz, Muhammad Hamza Ejaz, Mamuna Akram, Al Muktadir Chowdhury Evan, Salman Shahid
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Background
Adolescent dependency on smartphones is the highest among all age groups. Adolescents can be influenced to evaluate their body image by popular ideals about beautiful bodies via smartphone content, which can cause body image distortion. This study aimed to examine the association between body image distortion and smartphone dependency and the duration of smartphone usage among Korean adolescents.
Methods
This study used data from the 16th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (2020), and included 42,981 participants, who were grouped according to self-reported duration of smartphone usage and smartphone dependency, as measured by a questionnaire. Body image distortion is defined as an exaggerated subjective body image compared to the actual body image. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of body image distortion on smartphone dependency and usage time after adjusting for various factors related to body image distortion.
Results
Among the 42,981 participants, both moderate and high levels of smartphone dependency were associated with body image distortion in boys (moderate: adjusted OR [aOR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01–1.22; high: aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.05–1.32) and girls (moderate: aOR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05–1.23; high: aOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.18–1.42) compared to the low-level dependency group. However, no significant association was found between smartphone usage duration and body image distortion.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that moderate to high levels of smartphone dependency are associated with body image distortion in adolescents. Therefore, it is necessary to establish strategies for checking and managing adolescents’ smartphone dependence.

Citations

• Excessive smartphone use, smartphone dependency and body image distortion in Korean adolescents
  Young Gyu Cho
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2025; 46(2): 58.     CrossRef
• Social Media Use and Body Image Dissatisfaction Among University Students of Health Sciences in Saudi Arabia
  Ihdaa J Abdulwahab, Jumana H Khouja, Noha A Alzahrani, Amina Bargawi
  Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted healthcare services, including chronic disease management, for vulnerable groups, such as older individuals with hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate hypertension management in South Korea’s elderly population during the pandemic using treatment consistency indices such as the continuity of care (COC), modified, modified continuity index (MMCI), and most frequent provider continuity (MFPC).
Methods
This study used the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency-COVID-19-National Health Insurance Service cohort (K-COV-N cohort) from the National Health Insurance Service between 2017 and 2021. The research included a total of 4,097,299 hypertensive patients aged 65 years or older. We defined 2018 and 2019 as the baseline period before the COVID-19 pandemic and 2020 and 2021 as the COVID-19 period and calculated the indices of medical continuity (number of visits, COC, MMCI, and MFPC) on a yearly basis.
Results
The number of visits decreased during the COVID-19 period compared to the baseline period (59.64±52.75 vs. 50.49±50.33, P<0.001). However, COC, MMCI, and MFPC were not decreased in the baseline period compared to the COVID-19 period (0.71±0.21 vs. 0.71±0.22, P<0.001; 0.97±0.05 vs. 0.96±0.05, P<0.001; 0.8±0.17 vs. 0.8±0.17, P<0.001, respectively).
Conclusion
COVID-19 had no significant impact on the continuity of care but affected the frequency of outpatient visits for older patients with hypertension. However, this study highlights the importance of addressing healthcare inequalities, especially in older patients with hypertension, during pandemics and advocates for policy changes to ensure continued care for vulnerable populations.

Citations

• Reflecting on progress and challenges: the Korean Journal of Family Medicine in 2024
  Seung-Won Oh
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2025; 46(2): 55.     CrossRef
• The impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on hypertension phenotypes (ESH ABPM COVID-19 study)
  Aleksandra Ostrowska, Wiktoria Wojciechowska, Marek Rajzer, Thomas Weber, Michael Bursztyn, Alexandre Persu, George Stergiou, Grzegorz Kiełbasa, Marzena Chrostowska, Michaelis Doumas, Gianfranco Parati, Grzegorz Bilo, Guido Grassi, Giuseppe Mancia, Andrze
  European Journal of Internal Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Background
Osteoporosis is one of the inevitable diseases affecting an aging society, substantially impacting the quality of life of its population. Protein intake has been shown to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of osteoporosis, and the effects of both animal and vegetable proteins have been studied. However, the relationship between processed meat consumption and osteoporosis has not been studied in Korea. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the correlation between processed meat consumption and incident osteoporosis in adults.
Methods
Our analysis included 1,260 adults aged 50 years and older from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES), recruited between 2005 and 2020. Participants were categorized into two groups according to their processed meat intake, assessed using a semi-quantitative 103-food item food frequency questionnaire. Diagnosis of osteoporosis was based on questionnaire answers. Multiple Cox hazard regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between processed meat intake and incident osteoporosis.
Results
During an average follow-up period of 8.8 years, 230 participants developed osteoporosis. According to the Cox proportional regression models, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of incident osteoporosis in the high intake group was 0.62 (0.41–0.94), compared to the low intake group after adjusting for confounding variables.
Conclusion
These findings reveal that processed meat protein intake is inversely related to the incidence of osteoporosis in adults aged 50 years and older. This in turn suggests that processed meat intake can be proposed as an additional strategy to prevent osteoporosis.

Potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) is a major public health concern with several undesirable health consequences for older adults. In this overview, we aimed to map and gather information from existing literature to provide a better insight into the prevalence of PIP among community dwellers. Electronic databases were searched from their inception to April 2022. The quality of the included systematic reviews (SRs) was assessed using the assessment of multiple systematic reviews checklist. The degree of overlap within the SRs was also evaluated (2% overlap). All SRs on the prevalence of PIP in older individuals in community settings were included, and a narrative approach was used to synthesize data. Nineteen SRs comprising 548 primary studies met the inclusion criteria, and the average quality of the included SRs was moderate. More than half (50.5%) of the primary studies were conducted in Europe, followed by the United States (22.8%), and Asia (18.9%). Thirty different criteria were used in the primary studies to estimate the prevalence of PIP. The most widely used criteria were those presented in Beers (41.8%) and STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Persons’ Prescriptions)/START (Screening Tool to Alert to Right Treatment) (21.8%) criteria. Benzodiazepines, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and antidepressants were the most frequently reported PIPs. A considerable variation in the prevalence of PIP ranging from 0% to 98% was reported by SRs. However, there is a high degree of uncertainty regarding the extent of PIP in community settings. To identify knowledge-to-action gaps, SR authors should consider the differences in prevalence of PIP according to settings, applied tools, data sources, geographical areas, and specific pathologies. There is also a need for primary and SR studies from low- and middle-income countries regarding the prevalence of PIP.

With aging, loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle function increases, resulting in an increased risk of falls, fractures, long-term institutional care, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and even death. Sarcopenia, which is derived from the Greek words “sarx” or flesh+“penia” or loss, is defined as a condition characterized by low muscle mass and low muscle strength and performance. In 2019, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) published a consensus paper on the diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia. The AWGS 2019 guideline, specifically, presented strategies for case-finding and assessment to help diagnose “possible sarcopenia” in primary care settings. For case finding, the AWGS 2019 guideline proposed an algorithm that recommends calf circumference measurement (cut-off <34 cm in men, <33 cm in women) or the SARC-F (strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls) questionnaire (cut-off ≥4). If this case finding is confirmed, handgrip strength (cutoff <28 kg in men, <18 kg in women) or the 5-time chair stand test (≥12 seconds) should be performed to diagnose “possible sarcopenia.” If an individual is diagnosed as “possible sarcopenia,” AWGS 2019 recommends that the individual should start lifestyle interventions and related health education for primary healthcare users. Because no medication is available to treat sarcopenia, exercise and nutrition is essential for sarcopenia management. Many guidelines, recommend physical activity, with a focus on progressive resistance (strength) training, as a first-line therapy for the management of sarcopenia. It is essential to educate older adults with sarcopenia on the need to increase protein intake. Many guidelines recommended that older people should consume at least 1.2 g of proteins/kg/d. This minimum threshold can be increased in the presence of catabolic or muscle wasting. Previous studies reported that leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, is essential for protein synthesis in muscle, and a stimulator for skeletal muscle synthesis. A guideline conditionally recommends that diet or nutritional supplements should be combined with exercise intervention for older adults with sarcopenia.

Citations

• Evaluating sarcopenia and nutritional status in outpatients with liver cirrhosis: concordance of diagnostic methods
  Marina Demas Rezende Gischewski, Fernanda Lívia Cavalcante Araujo, Aryana Isabelle De Almeida Neves Siqueira, Alina Joana da Silva Wallraf, João Araújo Barros Neto, Nassib Bezerra Bueno Nassib, Juliana Célia de Farias Santos, Fabiana Andréa Moura
  Nutrición Hospitalaria.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Update on the Complications and Management of Liver Cirrhosis
  Hiba Fadlallah, Diala El Masri, Hisham F. Bahmad, Wassim Abou-Kheir, Jad El Masri
  Medical Sciences.2025; 13(1): 13.     CrossRef
• Diabetes and Sarcopenia: Intersection of Co Morbid Conditions
  Byron J. Hoogwerf
  OBM Geriatrics.2025; 09(01): 1.     CrossRef
• Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dynapenia, Pre-Sarcopenia, and Sarcopenia in Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Study
  Do-Youn Lee
  Medicina.2025; 61(4): 575.     CrossRef
• The Prognostic Significance of Handgrip Strength in Cirrhosis: Simplicity Is the Ultimate Sophistication
  Binxin Cui, Ziyi Yang, Chao Sun
  Portal Hypertension & Cirrhosis.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Guidelines for obesity clinic consultations in primary healthcare clinics
  Jee-Hyun Kang, Kyoung-Kon Kim
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 240.     CrossRef
• Guidelines for physical activity counseling in primary healthcare clinics
  Yun Jun Yang
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 265.     CrossRef
• Whole Genome Linkage and Association Analyses Identify DLG Associated Protein-1 as a Novel Positional and Biological Candidate Gene for Muscle Strength: The Long Life Family Study
  Adam J Santanasto, Sandeep Acharya, Mary K Wojczynski, Ryan K Cvejkus, Shiow Lin, Michael R Brent, Jason A Anema, Lihua Wang, Bharat Thyagarajan, Kaare Christensen, E Warwick Daw, Joseph M Zmuda, Lewis A Lipsitz
  The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Predictors of hip fracture in 15 European countries: a longitudinal study of 48,533 geriatric adults using SHARE dataset
  M. Azhar Hussain, Rizwan Qaisar, Asima Karim, Firdos Ahmad, Fabio Franzese, Atif Awad, Abeer A. Al-Masri, Mohammed Alsaeed, Shaea A. Alkahtani
  Archives of Osteoporosis.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Open, Active-Controlled Clinical Study to Evaluate the Correlation between Whole Body DEXA and BIA Muscle Measurements
  Yong-Chan Ha, Shinjune Kim, Jun-Il Yoo
  Journal of Bone Metabolism.2024; 31(3): 219.     CrossRef
• Doctor and patient perceptions of sarcopenia in community-based primary care clinics: a questionnaire survey
  Jungha Park, Daehyun Lee, Jae Young Jang, Jung-Ha Kim, Jae Uk Baek, Myungkwan Jeong, Sungwouk Kim, Moonbae Kyoung, Miji Kim, Chang Won Won
  European Geriatric Medicine.2024; 15(6): 1827.     CrossRef
• Frequency of clinical signs in patients with Cushing's syndrome and mild autonomous cortisol secretion: overlap is common
  Leah T Braun, Frederick Vogel, Elisabeth Nowak, German Rubinstein, Stephanie Zopp, Katrin Ritzel, Felix Beuschlein, Martin Reincke
  European Journal of Endocrinology.2024; 191(4): 473.     CrossRef
• Efficacy of a combined exercise and nutrition intervention study for outpatients with possible sarcopenia in community-based primary care clinics (ENdSarC): study protocol for a multicenter single-blinded randomized controlled trial
  Woohyuk Ji, Daehyun Lee, Minjin Kim, Nahyun Lim, Jae-Young Lim, Jae Uk Baek, Sungwouk Kim, Choong Hyung Lee, Miji Kim, Chang Won Won
  BMC Geriatrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Age-related increase in the excitability of mouse layer V pyramidal neurons in the primary motor cortex is accompanied by an increased persistent inward current
  Jose A. Viteri, Nikolaus Bueschke, Joseph M. Santin, W. David Arnold
  GeroScience.2024; 47(2): 2199.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Long Chain n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Muscle Strength in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Maha Timraz, Ahmad Binmahfoz, Terry J. Quinn, Emilie Combet, Stuart R. Gray
  Nutrients.2023; 15(16): 3579.     CrossRef

Background
Previous studies have shown a close relationship between skipping breakfast and nutritional deficiency. However, the impact of regular eating, including lunch and dinner, has not been studied well. We explored the correlation between regularity and frequency of daily meals and nutritional status.
Methods
We analyzed Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 2016 and 2018. A total of 7,725 adults aged 19–49 years were classified into four groups according to the regularity of meal intake: three-meal regular diet (3MRD), two-meal regular diet, one-meal regular diet, and irregular diet (IRD). Food and nutrient intake was assessed using the 24-hour recall method and estimated by a generalized linear model in complex sample weight variables.
Results
In IRD, there were relatively more females who were not married, lived alone, or reported low levels of education. As subjects ate more meals, more people felt thinner and healthier by themselves. Dietary intake of cereal, vegetables, seaweed, and fiber was directly proportional to the number of regular meals as well as essential components such as water, carbohydrates, protein, fat, and micronutrients. Contrarily, alcohol and beverage consumption was inversely proportional to the number of regular meals. Intake level of legumes, fish, fruits, seasonings, milk, oils, sugars, and cholesterol was consistent regardless of meal frequency.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that 3MRD showed nutrient adequacy and a healthier profile on body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, serum fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride.

Citations

• Eating patterns in Korean adults, 1998–2018: increased energy contribution of ultra-processed foods in main meals and snacks
  Sukyoung Jung, Jee Young Kim, Sohyun Park
  European Journal of Nutrition.2024; 63(1): 279.     CrossRef
• Analysis of dietary behavior and intake related to glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30 years or older in Korea: Utilizing the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019–2021)
  Jin-Ah Seok, Yeon-Kyung Lee
  Nutrition Research and Practice.2024; 18(2): 239.     CrossRef
• Guidelines for nutrition counseling in primary healthcare clinics
  Gyeongsil Lee, Seung-Won Oh
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 278.     CrossRef
• A national cross-sectional study on breakfast skipping-related factors and comparison of nutritional status according to breakfast skipping in older adults based on the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2020)
  Anna Han, Yean Jung Choi
  The Journal of nutrition, health and aging.2024; 28(9): 100335.     CrossRef
• The Association between Personality Factors and Metabolic Parameters among Patients with Non-Alcoholic-Fatty Liver Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—A Cross-Sectional Study
  Marcin Kosmalski, Rafał Frankowski, Monika Różycka-Kosmalska, Kasper Sipowicz, Tadeusz Pietras, Łukasz Mokros
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(13): 4468.     CrossRef
• Nutrition fact label (NFL) use is related to meeting the requirements for vitamins and minerals not listed on NFLs: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey VIII (2019–2021) for the prepandemic and pandemic periods
  Jung Min Cho, Niravkumar Joshi
  PLOS ONE.2023; 18(12): e0296268.     CrossRef
• Association between Prediabetes and Meal Patterns Related to Meal Sharing among Korean Young Adults: Eighth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2019–2020
  Saebom Kim, Sehee Kim, Youngmin Kim, Seonmi Seo, Yu Jin Chung, Sam Cheol Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Practice.2023; 13(3): 179.     CrossRef
• Meal Frequency, Metabolic Health, and Social Norms
  Young Gyu Cho
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2022; 43(5): 275.     CrossRef

Background
The use of topical antibiotics (TA) for prophylactic purposes after clean dermatologic procedures (CDP) is generally not recommended, and the prescription of TA needs to be individualized in consideration of each patient’s situation and underlying disease. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of patients who underwent CDP in outpatient settings and were prescribed TA inappropriately, as well as the factors that may affect the prescription of TA.
Methods
Outpatient visits coded for CDP were selected using claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in 2018. Of these, patients receiving TA prescriptions were classified as having inappropriate TA use, and the proportion was estimated through technical analysis. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing inappropriate prescriptions.
Results
Data were analyzed using 423,651 visits, and TA was prescribed for approximately 1.9% of the visits. TA usage was higher among women (2.0%), 0–19 years of age (2.2%), medical aid (2.2%), clinic settings (2.4%), and metropolitan areas (2.0%). TA was prescribed more frequently in urology (8.6%), pediatrics (5.0%), and dermatology (4.2%) than in other specialties.
Conclusion
The prescription rate of TA after CDP was 1.9% using the 1.4 million patient sample from the national health insurance claims data in Korea, which is equally weighted to represent 50 million people. Although the proportion of inappropriate TA prescriptions in Korea is lower than that in other nations, it cannot be overlooked because of the large number of cases. Efforts to improve quality are required to reduce the number of inappropriate prescriptions.

Dementia is a neurological condition characterized by numerous types of central nervous system diseases, which gradually deteriorates an individual’s reasoning, rational thinking, and judgment abilities. As a serious public health concern that currently affects more than 50 million older adults, dementia is one of the most significant causes of incapacity, disability, and dependency among older adults. As new cases are expected to increase exponentially in the next three decades, dementia, which is not a normal feature of healthy aging despite the fact that it generally affects older adults disproportionately, requires enormous management and care efforts due to its associated socioeconomic, psychological, and physical burdens that involve the patient, their caregivers, guardians, family members, and society at large. Presently, there is no cure for dementia; however, this condition could be prevented. This narrative review aimed to provide a broad overview of studies detailing the alternative lifestyle modification-centered preventive measures against dementia. A comprehensive search of key databases to find articles related to this topic revealed that participating in regular physical activities, healthy eating and dieting, avoiding all forms of smoking, avoiding air pollutants, halting or reducing alcohol consumption, exercising the mind and being socially dynamic, getting enough rest and establishing good sleeping habits, infection prevention, stress prevention, avoidance of injuries, preventing the effects of social isolation and lockdowns, continuing education, and depression prevention are protective measures against the development of dementia.

Citations

• Guidelines for nutrition counseling in primary healthcare clinics
  Gyeongsil Lee, Seung-Won Oh
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 278.     CrossRef
• A Genome-Wide Association Study of Dementia Using the Electronic Medical Record
  Xiaowen Cao, Yao Dong, Li Xing, Xuekui Zhang
  BioMedInformatics.2023; 3(1): 141.     CrossRef
• Health promotion: the essence of primary healthcare
  Sung Sunwoo
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 772.     CrossRef

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common, disregarded, underdiagnosed, and inadequately treated complaint of both young and adult females. It is characterized by painful cramps in the lower abdomen, which start shortly before or at the onset of menses and which could last for 3 days. In particular, PD negatively impacts the quality of life (QOL) of young females and is the main reason behind their absenteeism from school or work. It is suggested that increased intrauterine secretion of prostaglandins F2α and E2 are responsible for the pelvic pain associated with this disorder. Its associated symptoms are physical and/or psychological. Its physical symptoms include headache, lethargy, sleep disturbances, tender breasts, various body pains, disturbed appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, and increased urination, whereas its psychological symptoms include mood disturbances, such as anxiety, depression, and irritability. While its diagnosis is based on patients’ history, symptoms, and physical examination, its treatment aims to improve the QOL through the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal contraceptives, and/or the use of non-pharmacological aids (e.g., topical heat application and exercise). Patients must be monitored to measure their response to treatment, assess their adherence, observe potential side effects, and perform further investigations, if needed.

Citations

• Natural History of Menstrual Pain and Associated Risk Factors in Early Adolescence
  Rachel E. Modarelli, Samantha A. Molsberry, Sofia Malave-Ortiz, Madison Calvert, Janet Lucien, Sheri Denslow, Daniel Zaccaro, Camilia Kamoun, Natalie D. Shaw
  Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology.2025; 38(1): 52.     CrossRef
• Therapeutic Potential of Herbal Compounds in Curing Dysmenorrhea Naturally: A Review
  Mukul Kumar, Deepika Kaushik, Naitika Gaba, Emel Oz, Jyoti Singh, Vikas Bansal, Ammu P Nair, Charalampos Proestos, Gülçin Emel Babagil, Margaret Brennan, Hilal Kiziltunc Ozmen, Vishal Kumar
  Journal of the American Nutrition Association.2025; 44(3): 223.     CrossRef
• Evaluation of dysmenorrhea changes in patients undergoing cervical dilatation: Does it work?
  Ilkhan Keskin, Osman Samet Günkaya, Arzu Bilge Tekin, Murat Yassa, Niyazi Tuğ
  Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Actualización del diagnóstico y tratamiento de dismenorrea
  G. Rubio Pérez, A. Quevedo Córdoba, L. Varela Silva, E. Álvarez Silvares
  Medicina de Familia. SEMERGEN.2025; 51(1): 102331.     CrossRef
• Efficacy and safety of estetrol (15 mg)/drospirenone (3 mg) combination in a cyclic regimen for the treatment of primary and secondary dysmenorrhea: a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study
  Yutaka Osuga, Takao Kobayashi, Akihiro Hirakawa, Toshiaki Takayanagi, Masayoshi Nogami, Kyaw Tayzar, Takayuki Mochiyama, Masashi Hirayama, Jean-Michel Foidart, Tasuku Harada
  Fertility and Sterility.2025; 123(4): 700.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Acupressure and Massage on Pain, Menstrual Symptoms, and Quality of Life in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  Seda Eryılmaz, Tuba Uçar
  Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine.2025; 31(4): 378.     CrossRef
• Update on Alternative Methods for the Management of Dysmenorrhea: A Narrative Review
  Karen Mishell Zurita Calle, Ricardo Recalde-Navarrete
  Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología.2025; 5: 1301.     CrossRef
• Primary dysmenorrhea and its associated factors among female high school students in Nekemte town, East Wallaga Zone, Western Oromia, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
  Bekan Gudata Gindaba, Tesfaye Abera Gudeta, Lemane Dereje Sebu, Ebisa Zerihun Gindaba, Misgana Tesgara Abdisa
  Frontiers in Reproductive Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association between primary dysmenorrhoea on quality of life, mental health and academic performance among medical students in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study
  Herbert Situmorang, Reynardi Larope Sutanto, Kevin Tjoa, Rivaldo Rivaldo
  BMJ Open.2025; 15(1): e093237.     CrossRef
• The connection between endometriosis and secondary dysmenorrhea
  Ismat Ara Begum
  Journal of Reproductive Immunology.2025; 168: 104425.     CrossRef
• Efficacy and safety of abhal (Juniperus communis L). on pain intensity, uterine artery doppler flow, and quality of life in primary dysmenorrhea: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial
  Taseen Banu, Arshiya Sultana, Arfa Begum, Sidra, Khaleequr Rahman
  Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2025; 342: 119388.     CrossRef
• Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Dismenore pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi
  Lintang Ar-Rakhimi, John J. E. Wantania, Erna Suparman
  Health & Medical Sciences.2025; 2(2): 9.     CrossRef
• Impact of Probiotic Supplementation and High-Intensity Interval Training on Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating Inflammation and Hormonal Modulation
  Min-Yi Yang, Hao-Yu Chen, Chi-Hong Ho, Wen-Ching Huang
  Nutrients.2025; 17(4): 622.     CrossRef
• Investigation of dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls with familial Mediterranean fever: a comparative study with healthy controls
  Fatma Gül Demirkan, Aylin Yetim Şahin, Figen Çakmak, Özlem Akgün, Vafa Guliyeva, Melike Zeynep Tuğrul Aksakal, Firdevs Baş, Nuray Aktay Ayaz
  European Journal of Pediatrics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Efficacy and safety of therapeutic exercise for primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Yi Xiang, Qinhai Li, Zengao Lu, Zemin Yu, Guanglin Ma, Siqi Liu, Yingkui Li
  Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Exploring the impact of herbaceous Apiaceae family plants on primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review protocol
  Athul T.P., Vijaya Lekshmi R., Nithya V.S., Anju Aravind T., Shibna M.V., Meenakshi Pandey, Galib R., Tanuja M. Nesari, Meena S. Deogade
  Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Review on Diagnosis, Treatment and Medication for Dysmenorrhea for Young to Old Age Women
  Ketuvinuo Sothu, Arti Kori, Shivanad Patil
  Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology.2025; 4(1): 49.     CrossRef
• The Effect of EX‐B8 Acupressure on Labor Pain: A Randomized, Single‐Blind, Sham‐Controlled Trial
  Hannaned Azadeh, Reza Heshmat, Malihe Nasiri, Fatemeh Azarkish, Sedigheh Sedigh Mobarakabadi, Massimiliano Valeriani
  Pain Research and Management.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A review on menstrual health in adolescent girls emphasizing multi-omics and machine learning strategies for preventing reproductive tract infections
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Background
Many studies have assessed the risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in elderly patients. However, most of these studies have focused on risk factors for ADRs, not serious ADRs (s-ADRs). s-ADRs are commonly found in hospitalized patients. s-ADRs warrant imminent but thorough investigations, given their critical impact on patient health. Therefore, this retrospective study aimed to assess the associated risk factors for s-ADRs in elderly hospitalized patients.
Methods
In-patients aged >65 years having ADRs during hospitalization at a university hospital in Korea between 2010 and 2012 were included. Medical professionals spontaneously reported ADRs using an electronic submission system at the study hospital. Further, all descriptions of ADRs were characterized and categorized through the screening of electronic medical records. We compared the characteristics of patients having s-ADRs with those of patients not having s-ADRs.
Results
There were 353 cases of ADRs, 67 of which were s-ADRs. Patients taking more than eight concomitant drugs showed the highest odds ratio (OR, 11.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.42–42.03). The ratio of aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was also significantly related to s-ADRs (OR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.33–5.81). The use of antibiotics (OR, 2.39; 95% CI, 1.13–5.02) and antineoplastics (OR, 4.17; 95% CI, 1.09–15.94) were significant risk factors.
Conclusion
Our findings highlight the importance of polypharmacy. Liver function tests (AST/ALT ratio) must be monitored carefully within high-risk groups for ADRs.

Citations

• Effect of Epstein–Barr virus on macrophage M2/M1 migration and EphA2 expression in adverse drug reactions
  Ran An, Dong‐Jie Sun, Hao‐Xue Lei, Ang‐Ran He, Ying Tu, Jun‐Ting Tang
  The Journal of Dermatology.2025; 52(1): 87.     CrossRef
• Risk factors for severe adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients
  Nemanja Z. Petrović, Ana V. Pejčić, Miloš N. Milosavljević, Slobodan M. Janković
  Open Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Drug-Induced Serious Cutaneous Reactions in Hospitalized Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Warisara Jiamsathit, Kansuda Bunarong, Sonthiya Papenkort, Anthony R. Cox, Narumol Jarernsiripornkul
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(3): 857.     CrossRef
• Epidemiology of reported serious adverse drug reactions due to anti-infectives using nationwide database of Thailand
  Sopit Sittiphan, Apiradee Lim, Haris Khurram, Nurin Dureh, Kwankamon Dittakan, Obed Kwabena Offe Amponsah
  PLOS ONE.2025; 20(2): e0318597.     CrossRef
• Potential inappropriate medications and drug–drug interactions in adverse drug reactions in the elderly: a retrospective study in a pharmacovigilance database
  Huaqiao Jiang, Yanhua Lin, Weifang Ren, Lina Lu, Xiaofang Tan, Xiaoqun Lv, Ning Zhang
  Frontiers in Pharmacology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Drug Related Problems among Older Inpatients at a Tertiary Care Setting
  Porrawee Pramotesiri, Krongtong Putthipokin, Sirasa Ruangritchankul
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(6): 1638.     CrossRef
• Exploring the community pharmacist’s knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding adverse drug reactions and its reporting in the United Arab Emirates: a survey-based cross-sectional study
  Javedh Shareef, Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar, Mullaicharam Bhupathyraaj, Atiqulla Shariff, Sabin Thomas
  Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Severe Adverse Drug Reactions in Korean Elderly Patients
  Jungun Lee
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Background
Family function is a necessary factor that influences older people’s health. The Family APGAR has been widely used to study family functions. However, there has been no Persian version of this instrument to assess family function in older people. The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Family APGAR Scale to evaluate the perception of family functions.
Methods
The “forward-backward” procedure was applied to translate the scale from English into Persian. The translated version was checked in terms of validity and reliability, with a sample of 281 older people selected from retirement centers. The factor structure of the scale was also tested using a confirmatory factor analysis. To test reliability, internal consistency and test–retest analyses were performed.
Results
The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good structural model. Criterion-related validity was strongly supported by the pattern of association between the APGAR Scale and the social support survey. Cronbach’s α of the scale was 0.88 and test–retest reliability ranged from 0.96 to 0.98, indicating a good range of reliability.
Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that the Iranian version of the Family APGAR is a valid and reliable scale to evaluate family functions in health intervention programs.

Citations

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• Psychosocial distress in people with overweight and obesity: the role of weight stigma and social support
  Vladimira Timkova, Pavol Mikula, Iveta Nagyova
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• ‘Let the System Do Its Job and Families Handle the Rest’? Protective and Risk Factors Contributing to Pandemic Crisis Parental Burnout
  Roman Ryszard Szałachowski, Wioletta Tuszyńska-Bogucka, Jacek Bogucki
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(2): 617.     CrossRef
• Homogeneity, dimensionality, convergent and nomological validity of the family APGAR among primary care users in Bucaramanga, Colombia
  Julián Andrés Jaimes-Grimaldos, Carlos Arturo Cassiani-Miranda, Andrés Felipe Tirado-Otálvaro, German Díaz Buitrago, Adalberto Campo-Arias, Sandra Milena Velásquez-Vergara, Andrea Carolina Duran-Bedoya
  Journal of Family Social Work.2025; 28(2): 72.     CrossRef
• Risk factors and a nomogram for predicting cognitive frailty in Chinese patients with lung cancer receiving drug therapy: A single‐center cross‐sectional study
  Jinping Li, Yan Wang, Minfeng Zhai, Mengyuan Qin, Dandi Zhao, Qian Xiang, Zaoyuan Shao, Panrong Wang, Yan Lin, Yiting Dong, Yan Liu
  Thoracic Cancer.2024; 15(11): 884.     CrossRef
• Psychometric adequacy of the persian adapted version of the tilburg frailty indicator (P-TFI)
  Maryam Safarnavadeh, Leili Salehi
  BMC Geriatrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Risk Factors Associated with Suicidal Ideation in Students of the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, URSE
  Iván Antonio García-Montalvo, Diana Matías-Pérez, Silvia Lois López-Castellanos, Enrique López-Ramírez, Moisés Martínez-López
  Psychiatry International.2024; 5(3): 544.     CrossRef
• Relación de la capacidad funcional y la funcionalidad familiar con la fragilidad en adultos mayores con riesgo cardiovascular en el suroccidente colombiano
  Clara Inés Paz , Betsy Mercedes Ledezma , Diana María Rivera, Mabel Lorena Salazar , María Verónica Torres , Franklin René Patiño, Andry Yasmid Mera-Mamián
  Biomédica.2024; 44(4): 537.     CrossRef
• Analysis of the Functioning of Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Psychometric Study of the Family APGAR Scale
  Laura Serrano, Esther Vela, Laura Martín
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(23): 7106.     CrossRef
• The family dynamics of children on the streets of Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria
  Abimbola M. Obimakinde, Moosa Shabir
  South African Family Practice.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nomogram reliability for predicting potential risk in postgraduate medical students with anxiety symptoms
  Zewen Huang, Lejun Zhang, Junyu Wang, Tingting Wang, Lu Xu, Xialing Yang, Heli Lu
  Heliyon.2022; 8(10): e10803.     CrossRef
• Riesgo familiar total y funcionalidad familiar en hogares de una agrupación familiar de San Juan de Lurigancho, 2021.
  Rocio Miriam Bravo Rojas, Cecilia Olga Martinez Ramos
  Revista Cuidado y Salud Pública.2022; 2(1): 22.     CrossRef

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2), has rapidly spread worldwide, causing many deaths, the number of which continues to increase. Global public health organizations and governments have advised on the adoption of various handwashing and hygiene guidelines, use of masks, and social distancing, along with isolation or lockdown protocols to prevent SARS-COV-2 spread. There are vaccines and drugs that are confirmed but still many human suffer from this disease. Important risk factors for SARS-COV-2 infection are similar to other viral infectious diseases as including influenza, hepatitis B, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and other lung infections. These diseases might be related to poor nutritional support, affecting the patient outcomes against COVID-19. In this review, we discuss some of the nutritional therapies currently being investigated for infectious diseases. Studies have shown that nutrition has the potential to prevent and mitigate viral infections. Micronutrients (vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, and E, B9, and trace elements, such as iron, zinc, copper, selenium, magnesium, and polyphenols) and macronutrients (carbohydrates, prebiotics, probiotics, protein [amino acids], and lipids [fatty acids]) affect the whole body, including the immune system, preventing viral entry and modulating clinical symptoms. This review discusses the importance of nutrition as a strategy to understand food groups and key nutrients that may affect the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients during the ongoing pandemic. Scientists believe that the likelihood of another pandemic is imminent. COVID-19 remains important and scientists believe it will continue will in the future. We emphasize the lack of studies on the nutritional impact of COVID-19 in terms of nutrition, even though nutritional interventions has been shown to have many advantages during the treatment of viral infections.

Citations

• Guidelines for nutrition counseling in primary healthcare clinics
  Gyeongsil Lee, Seung-Won Oh
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 278.     CrossRef
• Vitamin-mineral complexes to help adult patients frequently suffering with acute respiratory viral infections: A review
  Dmitry I. Trukhan, Natalya V. Bagisheva
  Consilium Medicum.2024; 26(03): 164.     CrossRef
• Association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis
  Binshan Jiang, Qiangru Huang, Mengmeng Jia, Xinai Xue, Qing Wang, Weizhong Yang, Luzhao Feng
  Chinese Medical Journal.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef

The year 2020 saw the emergence of a novel coronavirus—the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2— which has led to an unprecedented pandemic that has shaken the entire world. The pandemic has been a new experience for Malaysia, especially during the implementation of large-scale public health and social measures called the Movement Control Order (MCO). This paper seeks to describe the experiences of the Malaysian healthcare system thus far in combatting the pandemic. The Malaysian healthcare system comprises two main arms: public health and medicine. The public health arm focuses on early disease detection, contact tracing, quarantines, the MCO, and risk stratification strategies in the community. The medical arm focuses on the clinical management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients; it encompasses laboratory services, the devising of clinical setting adjustments, and hospital management for COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. Malaysia experienced intense emotions at the beginning of the pandemic, with great uncertainty regarding the pandemic’s outcome, as the world saw a frighteningly high COVID-19 mortality. As of writing (May 30, 2020), Malaysia has passed the peak of its second wave of infections. The experience thus far has helped in preparing the country’s healthcare system to be vigilant and more prepared for future COVID-19 waves. To date, the pandemic has changed many aspects of Malaysia’s life, and people are still learning to adapt to new norms in their lives.

Citations

• Unveiling the Nexus Between Intellectual Capital Efficiency and Financial Performance in Malaysia's Healthcare Sector Amidst the Covid-19 Crisis
  Noor Sharida Badri Shah, Roslan Ja’afar
  Information Management and Business Review.2024; 16(1(I)): 262.     CrossRef
• An Online Survey of the Perceptions of Clinical and Non-Clinical Professionals on Healthcare for Non-Communicable Diseases and COVID-19 Measures During the Pandemic in Malaysia
  Sugitha Sureshkumar, Feisul Mustapha, Haironi Yusoff, Kibachio Joseph Mwangi, Kailing Marcus, Bogomil Kohlbrenner, David Issom, Mohamed-Rida Benissa, Sigiriya Aebischer-Perone, Nirit Braha, Egidio Candela, Kumar Gaurav Chhabra, B. R. Desikachari, Arianna
  International Journal of Public Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef

Background
Tobacco smoking is associated with several diseases and deaths in older Koreans. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with smoking cessation in older Koreans.
Methods
We selected 579 subjects who started smoking before the age of 65 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018. We excluded the subjects who quit smoking before the age of 65 years, and then categorized the rest of subjects into those who stopped smoking after the age of 65 years and those who are constant smokers. Multivariable logistic analysis was performed to evaluate the factors related to smoking cessation among older Koreans.
Results
Among the participants, 66.1% were persistent smokers. After multivariable analysis, the factors significantly associated with smoking cessation were as follows: being in the age group of 75–79 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.12–7.83), being in the age group of 70–74 years (aOR, 3.10; 95% CI, 1.72–5.61), a family history of ischemic heart disease (aOR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.09–10.35), and having had no cancer screening (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18–0.70).
Conclusion
Further efforts to identify the factors related to smoking cessation will help formulate a smoking cessation policy.

Citations

• Current status of health promotion in Korea
  Soo Young Kim
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 776.     CrossRef

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the association between the high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in Korean men.
Methods
This cross-sectional study analyzed the data of 3,705 men (age 30–64 years) who participated in the 2014–2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). SSB intake was defined as the sum of the intakes of carbonated beverages and fruit juices. Participants were categorized into study groups depending on their intake of SSBs: ≤2, 3–4, or ≥5 times per week. High CVD risk was defined as a 10-year risk of more than 10%, based on the Framingham Heart Study 10-year CVD Risk Calculator. The association between high CVD risk and SSB intake was evaluated using a multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model.
Results
Korean men who consumed SSBs 3–4 and ≥5 times a week showed a multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–2.11) and 1.61 (95% CI, 0.97–2.67) for high CVD risk, respectively, compared with those who consumed SSBs ≤2 times per week. Additionally, the risk of CVD increased with the increase in the intake of SSBs (P-trend=0.01). In subgroup analysis, no association was observed between SSB intake and high CVD risk in the group with regular physical activity (P for interaction=0.01).
Conclusion
In Korean men, except those with regular physical activity, SSB intake ≥3 times a week is associated with a high risk for CVD (10-year CVD risk ≥10%).

Citations

• The Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases Attributed to Diet High in Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in 204 Countries and Territories From 1990 to 2019
  Donglei Shi, Yujia Tao, Li Wei, Dongqing Yan, Hongsen Liang, Junhang Zhang, Zhaojun Wang
  Current Problems in Cardiology.2024; 49(1): 102043.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting sugar intake in adults based on the social cognitive theory
  Kilye Kim, Yeon-Kyung Lee
  Journal of Nutrition and Health.2024; 57(1): 120.     CrossRef
• Association of Urine (pH < 5.5) with Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and the Number of Remaining Teeth in Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018
  Su-Yeon Hwang, Jung-Eun Park
  Healthcare.2024; 12(7): 740.     CrossRef
• Health-Related Behaviors and Perceived Health Status According to Water and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake in Korean Adolescents
  Yoon Sun Kim, Hyun Ja Kim
  Nutrients.2024; 16(17): 3038.     CrossRef
• A Study on the Relationship between Food Security and the Number of Remaining Teeth in Korean Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII), 2016–2018
  Su-Yeon Hwang, Jung-Eun Park
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 2964.     CrossRef
• A machine learning based decision tree analysis of influential factor for the number of remaining teeth in Korean adults
  Su-Yeon Hwang, Jung-Eun Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2023; 47(1): 26.     CrossRef
• High intake of sweet foods and low life satisfaction can act as risk factors for acute coronary syndrome through synergistic interaction
  Jisun So, Kyong-Mee Chung, Jihyeon Seo, Byungmi Kim, Hyejin Chun, Sung Nim Han, Ick-Mo Chung
  Frontiers in Nutrition.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A study on the relationship between food insecurity and periodontitis in Korean adults: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII) from 2016-2018
  Soo-Jin Kang, Jung-Eun Park, Jong-Hwa Jang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health.2023; 47(3): 106.     CrossRef
• Association between Healthy Lifestyle (Diet Quality, Physical Activity, Normal Body Weight) and Periodontal Diseases in Korean Adults
  Su-Yeon Hwang, Jong-Hwa Jang, Jung-Eun Park
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(7): 3871.     CrossRef
• Association between Stroke and Abdominal Obesity in the Middle-Aged and Elderly Korean Population: KNHANES Data from 2011–2019
  Jong Yeon Kim, Sung Min Cho, Youngmin Yoo, Taesic Lee, Jong Koo Kim
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(10): 6140.     CrossRef
• Association of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Cardiovascular Diseases Mortality in a Large Young Cohort of Nearly 300,000 Adults (Age 20–39)
  Chien-Hua Chen, Min-Kuang Tsai, June-Han Lee, Christopher Wen, Chi-Pang Wen
  Nutrients.2022; 14(13): 2720.     CrossRef
• The Perception of Overweight and Obesity among South African Adults: Implications for Intervention Strategies
  Mashudu Manafe, Paul Kiprono Chelule, Sphiwe Madiba
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(19): 12335.     CrossRef
• Current status of nutrient intake in Korea: focused on macronutrients
  Seung-Won Oh
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 801.     CrossRef
• Current status of health promotion in Korea
  Soo Young Kim
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 776.     CrossRef
• Association between Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake and Dietary Quality using Nutritional Quotient among Adults in Daegu, Korea
  Kilye Kim, Yeon-Kyung Lee
  Korean Journal of Community Nutrition.2021; 26(5): 350.     CrossRef

Disability in older adults has become a significant burden, both individually and socially, due to the rapidly aging population in Korea. It is important to manage both frailty and chronic diseases to delay disability. Frailty, which is considered to be a transition phase between healthy status and disability, is defined as a significant decline in functional reserves of multiple organ systems and the resultant extreme vulnerability to stressors, leading to a higher risk of adverse health-related outcomes. The frailty phenotype and frailty index are the most commonly used methods to diagnose frailty. Frailty is related to physical, psychological, cognitive, and social dysfunction, and is sometimes caused by chronic disease. Therefore, primary care providers are ideally situated to incorporate the concept of frailty into their practice, as they are champions in comprehensive care. Although the identification and treatment of frailty is not yet standard practice in primary care, primary care physicians must use the electronic frailty index to identify frailty in all the patients aged ≥65 years in the United Kingdom. In Canada, some insurance companies and governments are using a similar program, which is called the Community Actions and Resources Empowering Seniors model. The clinical practice guidelines of the International Conference of Frailty and Sarcopenia Research, as well as some additional references, will be introduced. Here, we review the current literature on how to diagnose and manage frailty in primary care.

Citations

• Frailty and nutrition
  Neil Wilson, William Mullaney
  British Journal of Community Nursing.2024; 29(3): 118.     CrossRef
• The Chinese translation and cross-cultural adaptation of PRISMA-7 questionnaire: an observational study to establish the accuracy, reliability and validity
  Meredith T. Yeung, Yen Gan, Shu Qi Teo, Kai Quan Lim, Hui Xuan Leow, Myriam Jbabdi, Michel Raiche, Mingxing Yang
  BMC Geriatrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Frailty and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
  Bo Daelman, Liesbet Van Bulck, Koen Luyckx, Adrienne H. Kovacs, Alexander Van De Bruaene, Magalie Ladouceur, Hsiao-Ling Yang, Ju Ryoung Moon, André Schmidt, Birgitte Lykkeberg, Edward Callus, Michèle de Hosson, Camilla Sandberg, Bengt Johansson, Joanna Hl
  Journal of the American College of Cardiology.2024; 83(12): 1149.     CrossRef
• Looking out across the front yard: aboriginal peoples’ views of frailty in the community – A qualitative study
  Ebony T. Lewis, Leanne Howard, Uncle Robert Carroll, Adam Howie, Gail Kenning, Adrienne Withall, Kenneth Rockwood, Magnolia Cardona, Kylie Radford, Katherine Schreyenberg, Ruth Peters
  Ethnicity & Health.2024; 29(8): 987.     CrossRef
• Physical activity and nutrient intake levels according to grip strength among single-household elderly in Korea: data from 2014 and 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)
  Mi-Young Park, Nana Chung
  Physical Activity and Nutrition.2024; 28(3): 027.     CrossRef
• The challenge of home and community older adult care in China: a survey of the capability of primary care physicians in providing geriatric healthcare services
  Xiufang Chen, Kun Xie, Yahui Li, Dan Hu, Yong Chen, Jiaying Chen
  Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Patient-reported outcomes in the aging population of adults with congenital heart disease: results from APPROACH-IS
  Philip Moons, Koen Luyckx, Corina Thomet, Werner Budts, Junko Enomoto, Maayke A Sluman, Hsiao-Ling Yang, Jamie L Jackson, Paul Khairy, Stephen C Cook, Shanthi Chidambarathanu, Luis Alday, Erwin Oechslin, Katrine Eriksen, Mikael Dellborg, Malin Berghammer,
  European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing.2023; 22(4): 339.     CrossRef
• Nutritional and physical activity issues in frailty syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic
  Maria Chiara Massari, Viviana Maria Bimonte, Lavinia Falcioni, Antimo Moretti, Carlo Baldari, Giovanni Iolascon, Silvia Migliaccio
  Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis of Posture and Gait Parameters to Prevent Frailty Condition and Fall Risk in the Elderly
  Valentina Presta, Laura Galuppo, Giancarlo Condello, Francesca Rodà, Prisco Mirandola, Marco Vitale, Mauro Vaccarezza, Giuliana Gobbi
  Applied Sciences.2023; 13(6): 3387.     CrossRef
• Building resilience and reversing frailty: a randomised controlled trial of a primary care intervention for older adults
  John Travers, Roman Romero-Ortuno, John Langan, Fergal MacNamara, Darren McCormack, Christopher McDermott, Jude McEntire, Joanne McKiernan, Seán Lacey, Peter Doran, Dermot Power, Marie-Therese Cooney
  Age and Ageing.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Management of Sarcopenia in Primary Care Settings
  Chang Won Won
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2023; 44(2): 71.     CrossRef
• Utilizing multimodal approach to identify candidate pathways and biomarkers and predicting frailty syndrome in individuals from UK Biobank
  Watson Hua-Sheng Tseng, Amrita Chattopadhyay, Nam Nhut Phan, Eric Y. Chuang, Oscar K. Lee
  GeroScience.2023; 46(1): 1211.     CrossRef
• Biological Age in Congenital Heart Disease—Exploring the Ticking Clock
  Tijs K. Tournoy, Philip Moons, Bo Daelman, Julie De Backer
  Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease.2023; 10(12): 492.     CrossRef
• Unsupervised Home-based Exercise for Rural Frail Elderly: An Evidence-based Case-report
  Gilbert Lazarus, Czeresna Heriawan Soejono
  Activities, Adaptation & Aging.2022; 46(3): 218.     CrossRef
• Up-to-date knowledge of frailty
  Chang Won Won
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(2): 108.     CrossRef
• Born to Age: When Adult Congenital Heart Disease Converges With Geroscience
  Philip Moons, Ariane Marelli
  JACC: Advances.2022; 1(1): 100012.     CrossRef
• Fragilidade e funcionalidade familiar de idosos da Atenção Domiciliar: estudo transversal analítico
  Gilmara Ramos, Mariane Lurdes Predebon, Fernanda Laís Fengler Dal Pizzol, Naiana Oliveira dos Santos, Lisiane Manganelli Girardi Paskulin, Ana Karina Silva da Rocha Tanaka, Idiane Rosset
  Acta Paulista de Enfermagem.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Predictive Ability of the Three-Time Stand and Walk Test to Determine Frailty and its Associations with Fear of Falling and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
  Sirintip Kumfu, Puttipong Poncumhak
  Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2022; 26(4): 316.     CrossRef
• Current status of nutrient intake in Korea: focused on macronutrients
  Seung-Won Oh
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 801.     CrossRef
• World Health Organization Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) and the Integrated Care of Older Patients with Frailty in Primary Care (ICOOP_Frail) Study in Korea
  Chang Won Won, Eunmi Ha, Eunjin Jeong, Miji Kim, Juhyun Park, Ja Euk Baek, Sungouk Kim, Sung Bae Kim, Jihun Roh, Jee Hye Choi, Seung Youn Jeon, Heeeun Jung, Daehyun Lee, Yuri Seo, Hyungeun Shin, Heesun Kim
  Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2021; 25(1): 10.     CrossRef
• Clinical Practice Guidelines for Managing Frailty in Community-Dwelling Korean Elderly Adults in Primary Care Settings
  Hyo-Sun You, Yu-Jin Kwon, Sunyoung Kim, Yang-Hyun Kim, Ye-seul Kim, Yonghwan Kim, Yong-kyun Roh, Byoungjin Park, Young Kyu Park, Chang-Hae Park, Joung Sik Son, Jinyoung Shin, Hyun-Young Shin, Bumjo Oh, Jae-woo Lee, Jae Yong Shim, Chang Won Won, Ji Won Yoo
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2021; 42(6): 413.     CrossRef
• Implications of frailty interventions from Korean frailty and aging cohort study
  Chang Won Won
  AGING MEDICINE.2021; 4(4): 247.     CrossRef
• Perceived Recovery Time from Common Cold as a Possible Indicator of Physical Resilience
  Yoonki Kim, Chang Won Won, Sunyoung Kim, ByungSung Kim, Miji Kim, Eunjin Jeong, Jisoo Yang, Hyona Lee
  Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research.2021; 25(3): 204.     CrossRef
• Grip Strength as a Cardiometabolic Marker
  Jungun Lee
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2020; 41(5): 271.     CrossRef

Background
Handgrip strength (HGS) is a good predictor of adverse health outcomes in later life. This prospective study aimed to investigate whether HGS trajectory patterns were associated with all-cause mortality among older adults in Korea.
Methods
This study used the database of the 2006–2016 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Study participants included 3,069 adults aged ≥65 years without a previous history of cancer. The trajectory model was developed to identify different homogeneous trajectory patterns of HGS according to study period. Cox proportional hazards models were then applied to investigate the association between HGS and all-cause mortality.
Results
The survival probability according to HGS during the follow-up period decreased as base HGS weakened. We identified four distinct trajectory groups of HGS among men and three among women. The risk of mortality increased as the HGS of both males and females decreased. Compared with the highest HGS group, the adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality of the lowest, lower-mid, and upper-mid HGS groups among males were 3.46 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.17–6.69), 2.26 (95% CI, 1.47–3.48), and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.07–2.32). Those of the low and mid HGS groups among females were 2.69 (95% CI, 1.39–5.21) and 1.97 (95% CI, 1.05–3.69).
Conclusion
The faster HGS declined over time, the greater the all-cause mortality risk increased compared with the slowly decreasing or maintained HGS groups among men and women. HGS measurement among older adults will be helpful in assessing their health statuses and pre-assessing disease-associated morbidity.

Citations

• Longitudinal trajectories of handgrip strength and their association with motoric cognitive risk syndrome in older adults
  Hui Chang, Yu Zhao
  Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2024; 120: 105334.     CrossRef
• Association of absolute and relative hand grip strength with all-cause mortality among middle-aged and old-aged people
  Wonjeong Jeong, Jong Youn Moon, Jae-Hyun Kim
  BMC Geriatrics.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Analysis of the association between osteoporosis and muscle strength in Korean adults: a national cross-sectional study
  Ji-Young Choi, Young-Mo Yang
  Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Grip Strength Measurement in the Right Hand Better Predicts Mortality Regardless of Dominant Hand
  Yun-A Shin, Won-Ho Choi, Jae-Hyun Kim
  Exercise Science.2022; 31(1): 110.     CrossRef
• Longitudinal association of handgrip strength with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in older adults using a causal framework
  Rubén López-Bueno, Lars Louis Andersen, Joaquín Calatayud, José Casaña, Lee Smith, Louis Jacob, Ai Koyanagi, José Francisco López-Gil, Borja del Pozo Cruz
  Experimental Gerontology.2022; 168: 111951.     CrossRef
• Importance of Handgrip Strength as a Health Indicator in the Elderly
  Soo Young Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2021; 42(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Grip Strength as a Cardiometabolic Marker
  Jungun Lee
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2020; 41(5): 271.     CrossRef

Background
In 2015, tobacco prices significantly increased in Korea as part of the government’s smoking cessation policy. This study examined the changes in the stages of smoking cessation among Korean male smokers before and after the implementation of the tobacco price policy, and identified the predictors of such changes.
Methods
The study population comprised 3,533 male current smokers (age ≥19 years) who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2012, 2013, 2015, and 2016. Current smokers were defined as persons who had smoked ≥100 cigarettes during their lifetime and are continuing to smoke. In accordance with the transtheoretical model, smokers were classified into the precontemplation stage (no plan to quit), contemplation stage, and preparation stage (planning to quit within 6 months). We examined the changes in the smoking cessation stages before and after the implementation of the policy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors related to the likelihood of continuing smoking, after adjustments for potential confounders.
Results
Immediately after the policy implementation, the percentage of smokers in the precontemplation stage decreased from 65.6% to 60.8% (P=0.014). However, this effect was temporary. Significant risk factors for remaining in the precontemplation stage were older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.010; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.002–1.018; P=0.004), being in the lowest income quartile (OR, 1.226; 95% CI, 1.001–1.502; P=0.049), and manual worker or unemployed status (OR, 1.256; 95% CI, 1.036–1523; P=0.020).
Conclusion
Increasing tobacco prices only temporarily change the stage of smoking cessation among Korean male smokers.

Citations

• Association Between Perceived Noise Pollution and Sleep Quality: Findings from the 2018 Community Health Survey
  Sujin Lee, Jae Ho Chung
  Noise and Health.2024; 26(122): 346.     CrossRef
• Current status of tobacco use, cessation and control policy in Korea
  Cheol Min Lee
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 789.     CrossRef
• Current status of health promotion in Korea
  Soo Young Kim
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 776.     CrossRef
• Public Health Intervention for Smoking Cessation
  Soo Young Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2021; 42(5): 343.     CrossRef

Background
The patient’s intention to engage in diabetes care is the hallmark of role acceptance as a health manager and implies one’s readiness to change. The study aimed to understand the process of having the intention to engage in diabetes care.
Methods
A qualitative study using narrative inquiry was conducted at a public primary care clinic. Ten participants with type 2 diabetes of more than a 1-year duration were selected through purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured protocol guide and were audio-taped. The interviews were transcribed and the texts were analyzed using a thematic approach with the Atlas.ti ver. 8.0 software (Scientific Software Development GmbH, Berlin, Germany).
Results
Three themes emerged from the analysis. The first theme, “Initial reactions toward diabetes,” described the early impression of diabetes encompassing negative emotions, feeling of acceptance, a lack of concern, and low level of perceived efficacy. “Process of discovery” was the second overarching theme marking the journey of participants in finding the exact truth about diabetes and learning the consequences of ignoring their responsibility in diabetes care. The third theme, “Making the right decision,” highlighted that fear initiated a decision-making process and together with goal-setting paved the way for participants to reach a turning point, moving toward engagement in their care.
Conclusion
Our findings indicated that fear could be a motivator for change, but a correct cognitive appraisal of diabetes and perceived efficacy of the treatment as well as one’s ability are essentially the pre-requisites for patients to reach the stage of having the intention to engage.

Citations

• Prevalence and factors associated with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus among adults: Baseline findings of PURE Malaysia cohort study
  Rosnah Ismail, Noor Hassim Ismail, Azmi Mohd Tamil, Mohd Hasni Ja'afar, Zaleha Md Isa, Nafiza Mat Nasir, Farnaza Ariffin, Anis Safura Ramli, Najihah Zainol Abidin, Nurul Hafiza Ab Razak, Khairul Hazdi Yusof
  Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health.2023; 21: 101279.     CrossRef

Background
The fear of falling (FOF) has been reported in a high percentage of elderly people. An excessive FOF is a major concern among the elderly because it can lead to permanent disability. However, the impact of FOF on mortality has been insufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of FOF on mortality among the elderly in Korea.
Methods
This was a prospective study carried out using the database of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, a nationwide study of community-dwelling adults in Korea. Study participants included 3,421 adults, aged 65 years or older, without either severe cognitive impairment (Korean version of Mini-Mental Status Examination ≥10), or previous history of cancer. We used Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the association between FOF and all-cause mortality.
Results
This study included 1,474 men and 1,947 women. Cox regression showed that participants with FOF had an increased risk of mortality (mild: hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01−1.54; moderate: HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.23−2.05) after adjusting for confounding variables. In a subgroup analysis, FOF was still a significant risk factor of mortality for patients with no previous history of falling after adjusting for other risk factors, as in the full model, except for history of falling (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.27−2.13).
Conclusion
We found that FOF was a significant risk factor for mortality in the elderly in Korea. Further studies on the effects and mechanism of FOF on mortality are needed.

Citations

• Association between fear of falling and mortality in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Wenlian Ma, Xiaoli Liang, Hongyan Wang, Zhifei Wen, Linfeng Liu, Liangliang Fan, Xiangeng Zhang
  Geriatric Nursing.2024; 59: 113.     CrossRef
• Factors Associated with Fear of Falling by Fall Experience in the Community-dwelling Elderly
  Yeong Mi Seo, Eun Sook Lee
  Research in Community and Public Health Nursing.2023; 34: 12.     CrossRef
• Bidirectional relationship between fear of falling and frailty among community-dwelling older adults: A longitudinal study
  Cen Mo, Wenting Peng, Yuqian Luo, Siyuan Tang, Minhui Liu
  Geriatric Nursing.2023; 51: 286.     CrossRef
• Fear of falling and all-cause mortality among young-old community-dwelling adults: a 6-year prospective study
  Giulia Belloni, Christophe Büla, Brigitte Santos-Eggimann, Yves Henchoz, Sarah Fustinoni, Laurence Seematter-Bagnoud
  European Journal of Ageing.2022; 19(2): 293.     CrossRef
• A comparison of the prevalence of Fear of Falling between older patients with Lewy body dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and without dementia
  Pinar Soysal, Semen Gokce Tan, Lee Smith
  Experimental Gerontology.2021; 146: 111248.     CrossRef

Background
Depression is suggested to be associated with cardiovascular disease, including ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. This study investigated the impact of depression on cardiovascular disease in the elderly population in Korea.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study was performed using the Senior Cohort database released by the Korean National Health Insurance Services from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012, or January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013. The study group constituted participants newly diagnosed with depression, but not cardiovascular disease. The control group constituted participants with no past history of depression or cardiovascular disease, and were not diagnosed with depression during the follow-up period. During the 5-year follow-up period, development of ischemic heart disease or cerebrovascular disease was assessed. Depression and cardiovascular disease were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification codes. The data was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards model.
Results
The hazard ratio (HR) between depression and ischemic heart disease was 1.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 1.55) and the HR between depression and cerebrovascular disease was 1.46 (95% CI, 1.32 to 1.62), after adjusting all confounding variables.
Conclusion
Independent of other cardiovascular risk factors, depression increased the risk of ischemic heart disease by 38% and cerebrovascular disease by 46% among older adults in Korea. Since depression may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, future research should focus on the diagnosis and prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with depression.

Citations

• The effect of scutellaria baicalensis and its active ingredients on major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature in pre-clinical research
  Ying Ma, Xun Zhou, Feng Zhang, Cuiyun Huang, Hong Yang, Wansheng Chen, Xia Tao
  Frontiers in Pharmacology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A Potential Role for MAGI-1 in the Bi-Directional Relationship Between Major Depressive Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease
  Priyanka Banerjee, Khanh Chau, Sivareddy Kotla, Eleanor L. Davis, Estefani Berrios Turcios, Shengyu Li, Zhang Pengzhi, Guangyu Wang, Gopi Krishna Kolluru, Abhishek Jain, John P. Cooke, Junichi Abe, Nhat-Tu Le
  Current Atherosclerosis Reports.2024; 26(9): 463.     CrossRef
• The Connection Between Depression and Ischemic Heart Disease: Analyzing Demographic Characteristics, Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Treatment Approaches to Identify Their Relationship
  Laura Ioana Bondar, Brigitte Osser, Gyongyi Osser, Mariana Adelina Mariș, Ligia Elisaveta Piroș, Robert Almășan, Csongor Toth, Caius Calin Miuta, Gabriel Roberto Marconi, Ana-Liana Bouroș-Tataru, Victor Măduța, Dana Tăședan, Mircea Ioachim Popescu
  Clinics and Practice.2024; 14(5): 2166.     CrossRef
• Psycho-Cardiological Disease: A Bibliometric Review From 2001 to 2021
  Yaping You, Xintian Shou, Xuesong Zhang, Shaowei Fan, Ruoning Chai, Wenjing Xue, Yuanhui Hu, Qingyong He
  Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A comprehensive review on bioavailability, safety and antidepressant potential of natural bioactive components from tea
  Jie Shao, Yang Wei, Xinlin Wei
  Food Research International.2022; 158: 111540.     CrossRef

Background
Tobacco smoking is the most preventable cause of diseases and death in older adults. This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with the intention to quit smoking in elderly Korean men.
Methods
We investigated 813 male smokers aged 65 years or more from the 5th and 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2015. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors related with smoking cessation intention.
Results
Of the respondents, 26.3% had the intention to quit smoking. After adjustment for confounding factors, the intention to quit smoking was significantly associated with a history of ischemic heart disease (adjusted odds ratio, 1.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–3.48).
Conclusion
Identifying the factors related to the intention to quit smoking among older adults can help in developing effective smoking cessation strategies for this section of the population.

Citations

• Factors Associated with Quit Intentions among Adult Smokers in South Korea: Findings from the 2020 ITC Korea Survey
  Minjung Han, Donghee Seo, Yeol Kim, Hong Gwan Seo, Sung-il Cho, Sungkyu Lee, Sujin Lim, Susan C. Kaai, Anne C. K. Quah, Mi Yan, Steve S. Xu, Geoffrey T. Fong
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(17): 10839.     CrossRef
• Factors that Predict Smoking Cessation among Older Koreans: Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018
  Han Kyul Lim, Yong Soon Park, Jeong Hyeon Kim, Jeong Hyun Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2021; 42(5): 363.     CrossRef

Background
Malnutrition is a well-known risk factor of falls, although studies examining the association between nutritional status and falls are rare. We aimed to investigate the association between nutritional status and falls according to gender among Korean older adults.
Methods
The study included 10,675 participants (4,605 men and 6,070 women) aged 65 years and older and used data from the 2011 Survey of Living Conditions and Welfare Needs of Korean Older Persons. Nutritional status of the participants was assessed using the Nutritional Screening Initiative checklist, and the participants were categorized into the following groups: “good,” “moderate nutritional risk,” and “high nutritional risk.” Odds ratios (OR) of fall risk in the above groups based on gender were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analyses.
Results
Fallers in both genders showed significant association with older age, lower household income, inadequate exercise, and poor nutritional status compared with non-fallers. Considering the good nutritional status group as the reference group, the high nutritional risk group showed a higher risk of falls in men (OR, 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–1.99); both moderate and high nutritional risk groups showed a higher risk of falls after adjusting for confounding factors in women (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.19–1.62 and OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.61–2.24, respectively).
Conclusion
The risk of falls was associated with poor nutritional status, and statistical significance of the association between nutritional status and falls was stronger in women than in men.

Citations

• Mapping sex and gender differences in falls among older adults: A scoping review
  Crista Sebastiani, Jamie Yee Xin Wong, Amandeep Litt, Julia Loewen, Karly Reece, Nicole Conlin, Tessa Dunand, Manuel Montero Odasso, Cassandra D'Amore, Stephanie Saunders, Marla Beauchamp
  Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.2024; 72(3): 903.     CrossRef
• Temporal trends and the association between self-rated oral health and falls in community-dwelling older adults in South Korea: a secondary analysis of survey data
  Hyun-Ju Seo, Soon-Ki Ahn, Min-Jung Choi
  BMJ Open.2024; 14(4): e081549.     CrossRef
• Age and Gender Differences in Fall-Related Factors Affecting Community-Dwelling Older Adults
  Minhee SUH, Da Hye KIM, Insook CHO, Ok Kyung HAM
  Journal of Nursing Research.2023; 31(2): e270.     CrossRef
• Development of a protein energy malnutrition screening tool for older Thais in public residential homes
  Thitima Phodhichai, Warapone Satheannoppakao, Mathuros Tipayamongkholgul, Carol Hutchinson, Siriphan Sasat
  Public Health Nutrition.2022; 25(3): 565.     CrossRef
• Current status of nutrient intake in Korea: focused on macronutrients
  Seung-Won Oh
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 801.     CrossRef

Chronic constipation (CC) is a common disorder in the elderly population globally and is associated with comorbidities and negative implications on the quality of life. Constipation prevalence varies in different studies, primarily owing to the nonuniformity of the diagnostic criteria. However, 15%–30% of individuals aged >60 years are diagnosed with CC. Primary care physicians are the main healthcare providers that manage constipation in elderly patients in parallel with increased population aging and increased prevalence of constipation. Physical inactivity, polypharmacy, chronic medical conditions, rectal hyposensitivity, and defecatory disorders all play a role in the pathogenesis of CC in elderly patients. Detailed anamnesis, particularly history related to chronic medication use, with digital rectal examination may assist in identifying constipation causes. Additionally, blood tests and colonoscopy may identify organic causes of CC. Physiologic tests (i.e., anorectal manometry, colonic transit time with radiopaque markers, and defecography) can evaluate the physiologic function of the colon, rectum, and anus. However, generally, there are several causes of constipation in older patients, and an individualized approach is recommended. Treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation is empiric, based on the stepwise approach. Lifestyle advice, adjustment of chronic medications, and prescription of laxatives are the first steps of management. Several laxatives are available, and the treatment is evolving in the last decade. Biofeedback is an effective therapy especially for defecatory disorders. This review aimed to summarize the most updated knowledge for primary care physicians in the approach and management of CC in elderly patients.

Citations

• Rehabilitation for Chronic Constipation: Integrative Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment
  Luana Alexandrescu, Ionut Eduard Iordache, Alina Mihaela Stanigut, Laura Maria Condur, Doina Ecaterina Tofolean, Razvan Catalin Popescu, Andreea Nelson Twakor, Eugen Dumitru, Andrei Dumitru, Cristina Tocia, Alexandra Herlo, Ionut Tiberiu Tofolean
  Gastrointestinal Disorders.2025; 7(1): 11.     CrossRef
• Life’s Simple 7 and its impact on chronic bowel disorders: a study on constipation and diarrhea in the U.S. adult population
  Hongzhi Sun, Lei Qi, Yiwei Ming, Weichen Wang, Maoneng Hu
  Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Attenuation of intestinal peristalsis with age is attributed to decreased sensitivity of receptors in the enteric nervous system
  Tsukasa Kobayashi, Yuko Takeba, Masanori Ootaki, Yuki Ohta, Keisuke Kida, Taroh Iiri, Naoki Matsumoto
  Cell and Tissue Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Health multidimensional evaluation of institutionalized older adults according to cognitive performance
  Beatriz Cintra Martins, Lilian Barbosa Ramos, Anna Karla Carneiro Roriz, Henrique Salmazo da Silva
  Dementia & Neuropsychologia.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Advancements in the Application of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the Treatment of Anorectal Disorders
  Xiaojuan Chen
  Toxicon.2025; : 108346.     CrossRef
• A Low FODMAP Diet Supplemented with L-Tryptophan Reduces the Symptoms of Functional Constipation in Elderly Patients
  Cezary Chojnacki, Marta Mędrek-Socha, Aleksandra Błońska, Janusz Błasiak, Tomasz Popławski, Jan Chojnacki, Anita Gąsiorowska
  Nutrients.2024; 16(7): 1027.     CrossRef
• Predictors of inadequate bowel preparation in older patients undergoing colonoscopy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
  Yuanyuan Zhang, Lining Wang, Wenbi Wu, Shi Zhang, Min Zhang, Wenjing She, Qianqian Cheng, Nana Chen, Pengxia Fan, Yuxin Du, Haiyan Song, Xianyu Hu, Jiajie Zhang, Caiyan Ding
  International Journal of Nursing Studies.2024; 149: 104631.     CrossRef
• Laxatives in Geriatric Practice: From Preoperative Bowel Preparation to Correction of Chronic Constipation
  V. S. Ostapenko
  Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine.2024; 16(4): 289.     CrossRef
• Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the risk of constipation after lumbar interbody fusion surgery
  Mingxin Chen, Si Cheng, Dian Zhong, Tao Hu, Xin Wang, Zhongliang Deng, Qingshuai Yu, Zhengjian Yan
  Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery.2024; 144(5): 1907.     CrossRef
• A survey on functional constipation and its risk factors in older people in Shahreza, Iran
  Mina Amiri, Akbar Hassanzadeh, Majid Rahimi
  Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Efficacy and mechanism of acupuncture for functional constipation in older adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
  Yisheng Huai, Qian Fan, Yiyue Dong, Xu Li, Junwei Hu, Lumin Liu, Yuelai Chen, Ping Yin
  Frontiers in Neurology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• An abdominal vibration combined with walking exercise (AVCWE) program for older patients with constipation: Development and feasibility study
  Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Ramoo Vimala, Ping Lei Chui, Ida Normiha Hilmi
  Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 30(3): 173.     CrossRef
• Chronic constipation: current options of pathogenetic therapy
  M. D. Ardatskaya, L. I. Butorova, A. A. Anuchkin, I. N. Gaivoronsky, A. I. Pavlov, O. Yu. Patsenko
  Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council.2024; (8): 145.     CrossRef
• Insights into the current state of knowledge, practice, and attitudes of physicians regarding gastrointestinal motility disorders in Egypt
  Enaam Ali Al Mowafy, Marwa M. AboKresha, Sally Waheed Elkhadry, Mohamed Bassam Hashem, Ahmed Elganzory, Sayed Ahmed Sayed, Mohammad Almohamady Khaskia
  BMC Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Case Report: Toxic megacolon secondary to chronic constipation and cocaine consumption
  Bertha Dimas, Guillermo Hernández, Ivonne Peralta, Ansony Godinez, Gabriela Gutierrez, Fernando Cruz
  Frontiers in Surgery.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Efficacy of Whole System Approach Ayurveda Interventions in Vibhanda W. S. R. Old Age Constipation – A Randomized Control Clinical Trial
  Ramesh Shivappa Killedar, Savita Angadi, Uma Shetti, Meghana Patil, Pradeep S. Shindhe, Sheetal Kumar Bolaj
  Journal of Ayurveda.2024; 18(3): 181.     CrossRef
• The problem of constipation in the practice of an outpatient doctor
  I. G. Pakhomova, A. A. Lelyakova
  Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council.2024; (15): 158.     CrossRef
• Pathological and functional significance of aging mouse kidneys: clinical implications to reduce the risk of hyper- or hypokalemia in the elderly
  Itsuro Kazama
  Kidney Research and Clinical Practice.2024; 43(6): 703.     CrossRef
• DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL LOZENGES FOR LAXATIVE ACTIVITY
  Ravali K. Battula, Aswani Borrigorla, Sivani Macha, Maddhu L. Palisetty, Sri M. Motupalli, Ravi Ketipally, Ramarao Nadendla
  INDIAN DRUGS.2024; 61(12): 43.     CrossRef
• Global prevalence of constipation in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  Nader Salari, Mohammadrasool Ghasemianrad, Mojtaba Ammari-Allahyari, Shabnam Rasoulpoor, Shamarina Shohaimi, Masoud Mohammadi
  Wiener klinische Wochenschrift.2023; 135(15-16): 389.     CrossRef
• Yaşlılarda Geriatrik Sendromlardan Biri Olan Kırılganlık ve Hemşirelik Bakımı
  Servet KALYONCUO
  Black Sea Journal of Health Science.2023; 6(3): 520.     CrossRef
• Prevalence, Symptoms, and Associated Factors of Chronic Constipation Among Older Adults in North-East of Peninsular Malaysia
  Patimah Abdul Wahab, Dariah Mohd Yusoff, Azidah Abdul Kadir, Siti Hawa Ali, Lee Yeong Yeh
  Clinical Nursing Research.2022; 31(2): 348.     CrossRef
• The Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction as Driving Factor of Inflammaging
  Eva Untersmayr, Annette Brandt, Larissa Koidl, Ina Bergheim
  Nutrients.2022; 14(5): 949.     CrossRef
• Prevalence of constipation and use of laxatives, and association with risk factors among older patients during hospitalization: a cross sectional study
  Hanne Konradsen, Veronica Lundberg, Jan Florin, Anne-Marie Boström
  BMC Gastroenterology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effect of Fresh Dendrobe Juice Consumption on Senile Habitual Constipation for Older People: A Four-Week Randomized Controlled Trial
  Yuchao Le, Shihua Cao, Mengxin Wang, Danni He, Yanfei Chen, Beiying Qian
  Sustainability.2022; 14(6): 3656.     CrossRef
• Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum P9 Probiotics on Defecation and Quality of Life of Individuals with Chronic Constipation: Protocol for a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
  Wenjun Liu, Nong-Hua Lu, Xu Zhou, Yingmeng Li, Yong Xie, Longjin Zheng, Weifeng Zhu, Qiuping Xiao, Ni Yang, Kexuan Zuo, Qingni Wu, Tielong Xu, Heping Zhang, Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
  Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
• The effect of Cassia fistula L. syrup in geriatrics constipation in comparison with the lactulose: A randomized clinical trial
  Farangiz Sepehr, Hoda Shirafkan, Catherine Behzad, Zahra Memariani, Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur
  Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2022; 297: 115466.     CrossRef
• Perioperative management of elderly and senile patients. Recommendations
  Igor B. Zabolotskikh, E. S. Gorobets, E. V. Grigoryev, Yu. V. Kotovskaya, K. M. Lebedinskii, T. S. Musaeva, E. A. Mkhitaryan, A. M. Ovechkin, V. S. Ostapenko, A. V. Rozanov, N. K. Runikhina, O. N. Tkacheva, N. V. Trembach, V. E. Khoronenko, M. A. Cherdak
  Annals of Critical Care.2022; (3): 7.     CrossRef
• Diagnostics of Gastrointestinal Motility and Function: Update for Clinicians
  Amir Mari
  Diagnostics.2022; 12(11): 2698.     CrossRef
• The mechanism of intestinal flora dysregulation mediated by intestinal bacterial biofilm to induce constipation
  Ruibiao Fu, Zhongpeng Li, Rui Zhou, Chaoyang Li, Shuai Shao, Jin Li
  Bioengineered.2021; 12(1): 6484.     CrossRef
• Diagnosis and Treatment of Elderly and Senile Chronic Constipation: an Expert Consensus
  V. T. Ivashkin, M. G. Mnatsakanyan, V. S. Ostapenko, А. P. Pogromov, V. M. Nekoval, E. A. Poluectova, Yu. V. Kotovskaya, N. K. Runikhina, N. V. Sharashkina, P. V. Tsarkov, N. O. Tkacheva, Yu. N. Belenkov
  Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology.2021; 31(4): 7.     CrossRef
• Management of Opioid-Induced and Non–Opioid-Related Constipation in Patients With Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Pamela Ginex, Brian Hanson, Kristine LeFebvre, Yufen Lin, Kerri Moriarty, Christine Maloney, Mark Vrabel, Rebecca Morgan
  Oncology Nursing Forum.2020; 47(6): E211.     CrossRef

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease that encompasses esophageal symptoms along with eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal epithelium. EoE is an evolving disease that has been a subject of interest to many researchers since the first studies recognized this condition as a new and distinct clinicopathological entity 25 years ago. Clinical presentation in adult patients may include dysphagia, food impaction, vomiting, and reflux symptoms. The diagnosis of EoE is based on the combination of clinical history suggestive of esophageal dysfunction, endoscopic features indicative of the disease, and histology revealing eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal epithelium that persists after a trial of proton pump inhibitor therapy along with the exclusion of other disorders that may be associated with esophageal tissue eosinophilia. The interplay between EoE and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is complex, and differentiating these two conditions continues to be difficult and challenging in clinical practice. The mainstay treatment includes dietary modification, topical steroids, and/or endoscopic dilation. The primary care physician (PCP) plays an important role in improving patient care and quality of life by ensuring early referral and participating in management and follow-up. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge base regarding the disease including epidemiology, genetics, pathogenesis, common clinical presentations, the interplay between EoE and GERD, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic options available to the PCP.

Citations

• A clinical perspective towards oropharyngeal dysphagia management in neurological conditions: a brief literature review
  Samet Tosun, Fenise Selin Karalı, Nilgün Çınar
  The European Research Journal.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
• Imaging Findings of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases in Adults
  Camila Lopes Vendrami, Linda Kelahan, David J. Escobar, Lori Goodhartz, Nancy Hammond, Paul Nikolaidis, Guang-Yu Yang, Ikuo Hirano, Frank H. Miller
  Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology.2023; 52(2): 139.     CrossRef
• Novel Questionnaires for Assessing Signs and Symptoms of Eosinophilic Esophagitis in Children
  Siddhesh Kamat, Andrew Yaworsky, Isabelle Guillemin, Meaghan Krohe, Leighann Litcher-Kelly, Megan McLafferty, Roger E. Lamoureux, Caitlyn Lowe, Mirna Chehade, Jonathan M. Spergel, Kevin Weinfurt, Diane M. Turner-Bowker
  The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice.2022; 10(7): 1856.     CrossRef
• Prevalence of esophageal eosinophilia in patients referred for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
  Nancy Abdel Fattah Ahmed, Hebat-Allah Moheb Amer, Dina Abdallah Ibrahim, Islam Abd El-Hamid El-Zayyadi
  Egyptian Liver Journal.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Yield of Endoscopy and Histology in the Evaluation of Esophageal Dysphagia: Two Referral Centers’ Experiences
  Amir Mari, Fadi Abu Baker, Helal Said Ahmad, Ali Omari, Yazed Jawabreh, Rand Abboud, Amir Shahin, Fahmi Shibli, Wisam Sbeit, Tawfik Khoury
  Medicina.2021; 57(12): 1336.     CrossRef

Background
Serum-ferritin levels may be associated with psychiatric symptoms among the elderly; however, this association has not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serumferritin levels and mental health issues in older Koreans.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included large-scale national data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2012. In total, 1,802 older Koreans (≥65 years old) were included. The assessed psychiatric symptoms included short sleep duration, stress, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation. Any association between serum-ferritin levels and mental health issues according to sex was examined using logistic regression analysis.
Results
The prevalence of short sleep duration, stress, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation was 50.9%, 21.7%, 18.2%, and 22.5%, respectively. In men, suicidal ideation decreased with increased serum-ferritin levels after multivariate adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and comorbidities. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of suicidal ideation by quartiles of serum-ferritin level were 1 (reference), 1.132 (95% CI, 0.569–2.252), 0.453 (95% CI, 0.217–0.945), and 0.608 (95% CI, 0.295–1.253), respectively, (P for trend=0.039). In women, no trend was observed. However, compared to the lowest quartile, short sleep duration (<7 h) and stress perception were significantly decreased in the third quartile, with odds ratios of 0.601 (95% CI, 0.461–0.888), and 0.606 (95% CI, 0.386–0.952), respectively.
Conclusion
Moderate serum-ferritin levels were associated with decreased risk for suicide ideation in men, and were associated with decreased short sleep duration and stress perception in women.

Citations

• Association between suicide attempts and anemia in late-life depression inpatients
  Jie Li, Lan Wang, Ziyi Wang, Fengxue Zhao, Yadi Sun, Ying Lu, Lei Yang
  BMC Geriatrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Sleep quality and Laboratory Findings in Patients with Varicose Vein Leg Pain
  Acır Ibrahim, Atay Zeynep Vildan Okudan , Atay Mehmet , Yayla Vildan
  Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Disorders.2023; 7(1): 022.     CrossRef
• Alteration of Inflammatory Parameters and Psychological Post-Traumatic Syndrome in Long-COVID Patients
  Irma Clemente, Gaia Sinatti, Antonio Cirella, Silvano Junior Santini, Clara Balsano
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(12): 7103.     CrossRef
• Psychological and Cognitive Effects of Long COVID: A Narrative Review Focusing on the Assessment and Rehabilitative Approach
  Rosaria De Luca, Mirjam Bonanno, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(21): 6554.     CrossRef
• Suicidal Ideation in Major Depressed Individuals: Role of Type D Personality
  Mokhtar Abdelhakim Laoufi, Benjamin Wacquier, Tristan Lartigolle, Gwenolé Loas, Matthieu Hein
  Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(22): 6611.     CrossRef

Background
Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a tumor marker whose level is elevated in many types of cancers and other benign conditions. CA 19-9 levels are frequently found to be elevated in individuals during general health examinations. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of such individuals and to determine the need for medical follow-up.
Methods
We investigated individuals who underwent a health inspection, including a serum CA 19-9 test, at our center. Their CA 19-9 levels, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and personal and past histories were investigated. Additionally, subgroup analyses were performed for those who underwent follow-up study for the elevated CA 19-9 levels.
Results
Of 58,498 subjects, 581 (1.0%) had elevated CA 19-9 levels. Multivariate analyses revealed that older age, female sex, lower BMI, and diabetes were independent predisposing factors for elevated CA 19-9 level. A subgroup analysis revealed that the causative conditions were identified in 129 of 351 subjects (36.8%). Among them, the causative conditions in 31 subjects (8.8%, including four cases of cancer and 15 of benign tumors) were not detected at the initial check-up and were found during the follow-up period.
Conclusion
The use of CA 19-9 as a marker for cancer in healthy individuals is inappropriate. However, medical follow-up in individuals with elevated CA 19-9 levels may be useful because some causative diseases may be detected during follow-up.

Citations

• Evolving landscape of detection and targeting miRNA/epigenetics for therapeutic strategies in ovarian cancer
  Arpan Dey Bhowmik, Pallab Shaw, Mohan Shankar Gopinatha Pillai, Geeta Rao, Shailendra Kumar Dhar Dwivedi
  Cancer Letters.2025; 611: 217357.     CrossRef
• Lung Adenocarcinoma Presenting With Elevated Serum Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Levels: A Case Report
  Mónica Lopes, Vera Figueiredo, Ana Mendes, Marta Amaral, José Delgado Alves
  Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Association of Circulating Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Level with Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease in Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Pijun Yan, Jia Li, Yi Zhang, Xiaofang Dan, Xian Wu, Xing Zhang, Yuxia Yang, Xiping Chen, Shengxi Li, Pan Chen, Qin Wan, Yong Xu
  Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2024; Volume 17: 467.     CrossRef
• Attitudes and health behaviors of middle-aged and older adults with elevated tumor markers in China
  Renke Yu, Zhijie Xu, Yiting Lu, Yue Zhu, Liying Chen
  Frontiers in Psychology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Prognostic value of serum oncomarkers for patients hospitalized with acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease
  Cuirong Ba, Chunguo Jiang, Huijuan Wang, Xuhua Shi, Jiawei Jin, Qiuhong Fang
  Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Pancreatic incidentaloma: incidental findings from history towards the era of liquid biopsy
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