Background Hypertension is a major contributor to the global disease burden of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine demographic and clinical factors associated with adherence to antihypertensive medication.
Methods From August 2012 to February 2015, we recruited 1,523 Korean patients with hypertension who visited family physicians. The study was conducted in 24 facilities located in urban and metropolitan areas. Of these facilities, two were primary care clinics and 22 were level 2 or 3 hospitals. Adherence was assessed using the pill count method; a cut-off value of 80% was used as the criterion for good adherence. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were compared between the adherent and nonadherent groups using the chi-square test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed with medication adherence as the outcome variable.
Results Of the 1,523 patients, 1,245 (81.7%) showed good adherence to antihypertensive medication. In the multivariate logistic analysis, age ≥65 years, exercise, treatment in a metropolitan-located hospital, being on ≥2 classes of antihypertensive medication and concomitant medication for diabetes, and a family history of hypertension or cardiovascular diseases were associated with good adherence. Patients who had a habit of high salt intake were less adherent to medication.
Conclusion Multiple classes of antihypertensive medications, concomitant medication, and exercise were associated with good adherence to antihypertensive medication, and high salt intake was associated with poor adherence to antihypertensive medication. These factors should be considered to improve hypertension control.
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Background PAP smear has been highly appraised for screening cervical cancer. Generally regarded is that women physicians regularly screen for PAP would promote patients' early detection and treatment rate by their strong recommendation. Hereby we investigated PAP-screening in primary care women physicians, recommending proportion and associated factors. Methods: Questionnaires were sent to 981 members of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine, Korean Association of Family Practitioners, Korean Medical Women's Association, and Songpa-gu and Kangdong-gu family practitioners. a total of 193 respondents was analyzed. Results: Among the total 55.4% of the respondents screened for PAP smear regularly, either annually (23.9%), or from their treating gynecologists (61.6%) or through routine check-up (81.1%). Common reasons for not screening were lack of time (40.7%) and forgetfulness (38.4%). Recommending proportion for PAP to patients was 49.2%. Reasons for not recommending were lack of equipment, forgetfulness (18.8% each). Confidence of PAP as a screening test was very high (71.5%); significantly related to PAP-screening and to recommending proportion (P=0.033, P=0.005, respectively). Many of the respondents thought physician's own PAP-screening affected its recommendation (45.3%), whereas significant relation to their actual PAP-screening was not found (P=0.845). PAP-screening in physicians showed no significant relationship with recommending proportion (P=0.053). Internal disease history had meaningful relation only with recommending proportion (P=0.001). Conclusion: Though physicians show strong confidence in PAP and undergo more than the general public, most do not screen for it regularly and the recommending proportion was low. To improve physician's PAP-screening and recommending proportion, re-education of physicians and provision of proper clinical equipment are required. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28:589-598)
Background : Coronary artery disease are increasing in recent years among Korean due to change of dietary pattern. We conducted a cross-sectional study to analyze various factors for low HDL-cholesterol knowns as a independent fisk factor for coronary artery disease.
Methods : At the health care center of Asan Medical Center in 1999, 7259 people without cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, hyperlipidemia were selected. They were exmined wight, health blood pressure. Other data was drawn from questionnaire, blood chemistry. SPSS(version 7.5) was used for analysis of this data.
Results : 1) The means of HDL, cholesterol level was higher in women than men. 2) The means of HDL cholesterol of men was lower in subgroup of age below 45 years-old, obesity, lower total cholesterol(< 240 mg/dL), higher triglyceride (≥ 200 mg/dL) than others. By multiple logistic analysis, obesity, triglyceride, current smoking, moderate alcohol drinking were significant factors associated with low HDL, cholesterol ( < 42 mg/dL, 25 percentile of study paricipants).
Conclusion : These resluts suggest that obesity, high triglyceride. current smoking are indepen-dent risk factors and moderate alcoholic drinking is negative risk factor of low HDL-cholesterol in this study participants.
Background : Women smoker faces increased risk for heart disease, stroke, cancers, and respiratory diseases as well as a number of gender specific risks. Maternal smoking has been linked to harmful effects on their offspring such as increased incidence of premature, stillbirth and sudden infant death syndrome, etc. Recently, the rate of female adolescent smoking in Korea is increasing, and the rate of adult woman has expected to increase. This study is aimed at obtaining basic information about smoking patterns and factors associated with smoking in Korean adult women.
Methods : From May 1995 to April 1999, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the female visitors of Health Promotion Center in Seoul National university hospital. The number of smokes was 492. The control group(984 nonsmokers) was selected by 1:2 age group matched random sampling. Smokers and control group were divided into three age group-young age(20-39 years), middle age(40-59 years), old age(60 years and over) - and analyzed the results using SPSS and EpiInfo software.
Results : The most frequent amount of cigarette smoking was below 10 cigarettes in all age groups. The duration of smoking was below 10 years in most young and middle age groups. In the old age group the duration of smoking was longer than others. Variables positively associated with smoking included alcohol drinking, being engaged in trade service, being unmarried or divorced or separated or parted for ever, high stress status, dissatisfation of life in young age group. The variable of no exercise was added to them in middle age group. In old age group alcohol drinking, no exercise, no school education were the positive meaningful factors associated with smoking in multivariant logistic regression analysis.
Conclusion : The modifiable variables associated with smoking in Korean adult women include alcohol drinking, high stress status, dissatisfaction of life and no exercise.
Background : It was known that physical illness and depression due to cognitive function defects increase in the elderly. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of depressive mood, associated factors and to help understanding recent trends of the depressive elderly.
Methods : We selected 108 subjects over 65-year-old who visited Health Promotion Center, Pundang CHA General Hospital for geriatric health evaluation from Mar. 1996 to Feb. 1997. We analyzed Geriatric Evaluation Record to know the effect of sociodemographic factors, life styles and geriatric medical factors by Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS).
Results : The result showed that depressive mood appeared 20(37.0%) in male, 35(64.8%) in female and 55(50.9%) in total among 108 subjects. Factors associated with deprssive mood of the elderly were occupation(p<0.05), regular exercise(p<0.001), nutritional status(p<0.05), functional status and alcohol drinking.
Conclusion : The prevalence of depressive mood of the elderly was 50.9%, and the depressive mood have been affected more for the elderly who was out of work, not doing regular exercises and got high nutritional risk. Further study is required to know other factors influencing on depressive mood of the elderly.
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