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Original Articles

Factors Associated with Sleep Disorder among Korean Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study
Hyeonjin Cho, Wonyoung Jung, Dong Wook Shin, Jinyoung Shin, Yun-Mi Song
Korean J Fam Med 2023;44(4):224-233.   Published online July 18, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.22.0159
Background
The factors associated with sleep disorder are controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sleep disorder and the factors associated with sleep disorder among Korean adult cancer survivors.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, we collected data on sleep problems as outcome variables, and sociodemographic and clinical information as predictor variables from cancer survivors at two university-affiliated hospitals. Sleep disorder was defined as “a difficulty in sleep initiation or sleep maintenance at least 3 times a week that started after a cancer diagnosis.” Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to evaluate the factors associated with sleep disorder.
Results
The participants were 1,893 Korean cancer survivors (mean age, 58.1 years; females 68.0%). The prevalence of sleep disorder among male and female cancer survivors were 16.5% and 20.3%, respectively. An increase of age by 1-year was associated with a 1.04 (95% CI, 1.01–1.07; P=0.011) times higher risk of sleep disorder in males, while an inverse association was found in females. In female survivors, high fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), high anxiety, menopause, and high EuroQol Visual Analog Scale were associated with 1.45 (95% CI, 1.06–1.98; P=0.020), 1.78 (95% CI, 1.25–2.55; P=0.002), 1.70 (95% CI, 1.08–2.67; P=0.022), and 0.59 (95% CI, 0.43–0.82; P=0.002) times higher risk of sleep disorder, respectively. In male survivors, living with a spouse/or partner was associated with 57% (95% CI, 0.20–0.95; P=0.036) lower risk of sleep disorder. Analyses of cancer sites showed that the factors associated with sleep disorder varied across cancer sites.
Conclusion
One-fifth of adult cancer survivors had sleep disorder. Age, menopausal status, FCR, anxiety, living with a spouse or partner, and quality of life were independently associated with sleep disorder in Korean cancer survivors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Social support, fear of cancer recurrence and sleep quality in breast cancer: A moderated network analysis
    Yingting Jiang, Xinyu Wu, Hongman Li, Ying Xiong, M. Tish Knobf, Zengjie Ye
    European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2025; 74: 102799.     CrossRef
  • Subgroups of sleep quality and associated risk factors in patients with cancer undergoing radiotherapy: A cross-sectional study based on latent profile analysis
    Liuna Bi, Xian Zhang, Linlin Wang, Yanxiu Cai, Jing Han
    European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2024; 68: 102488.     CrossRef
  • 2,864 View
  • 147 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
Changes in Diagnostic Performance of Thyroid Cancer Screening before and after the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System Revision
Na Hyun Kim, Jong Soo Han, Woo Kyung Bae, Joo Young Kim, Kiheon Lee, Hyejin Lee, Kee Hyuck Lee, Se Young Jung, HanKyung Lee, Hee-Yeong Jeong, Young A Kim, Suyoun Sim, Ji-Won Kang
Korean J Fam Med 2022;43(4):225-230.   Published online July 19, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.21.0168
Background
Since the era of “thyroid cancer epidemic,” many Korean academic societies discouraged the use of ultrasonography in healthy individuals and revised the Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System to address the overscreening and overdiagnosis issues. This study aimed to evaluate the change in the diagnostic effectiveness of thyroid cancer screening over the last decade.
Methods
This single-center, retrospective observational study analyzed the data of 125,962 thyroid nodules obtained during cancer screening at the health promotion center of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from 2010 to 2019. Only 327 thyroid cancer cases pathologically confirmed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) were included in the study. The strength of the association between the number of FNA and (1) the number of thyroid cancer diagnoses, (2) the positive predictive values (PPVs), and (3) the difference in PPV from the previous year were evaluated using Pearson’s correlation analysis.
Results
The number of thyroid FNA biopsies as well as the thyroid cancer diagnoses decreased from 2010 to 2019 (166 to 48 [-71.1%] vs. 43 to 22 [-48.8%]). The PPV of FNA biopsies increased from 25.9% to 45.8% (+76.8%) and was negatively correlated with the number of FNA biopsies performed (R=-0.87, P<0.001). The difference in PPV from the previous year increased similarly but without statistical significance (R=-0.59, P=0.09).
Conclusion
The diagnostic efficiency of thyroid cancer screening has increased over the last decade, as evidenced by the increasing PPV of FNA biopsies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Impact of Incretin Mimetics on Thyroid Cancer Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Cohort Time-to-Event Analysis
    Michael W. Strand, Daniel Chow, Weining Shen, Jonathan H. Watanabe
    Pharmacoepidemiology.2025; 4(2): 9.     CrossRef
  • 3,420 View
  • 98 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Association between Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use and Fear of Cancer Recurrence among Breast Cancer Survivors
Esther Eun Hwa Kim, Jihun Kang
Korean J Fam Med 2022;43(2):132-140.   Published online March 17, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.20.0158
Background
This study aimed to evaluate the association between complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) among breast cancer survivors, using a validated multidimensional FCR-assessing instrument. Despite the debate over its medical effects, the use of CAM in breast cancer survivors is increasing.
Methods
We recruited 326 breast cancer survivors who had completed the primary cancer treatment. Information on CAM use was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire, and FCR was assessed using the Korean version of the FCR Inventory (FCRI). Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between CAM use and FCR.
Results
CAM users had higher total FCR scores than CAM non-users after covariate adjustment (CAM users: 74.6 vs. CAM non-users: 68.7; P=0.047). Among the FCRI subscales, CAM users showed higher coping strategy scores (CAM users: 22.3 vs. CAM non-users: 20.6; P=0.034) in the multivariable adjusted analysis. The use of multiple types of CAM was associated with increased FCR in a dose-dependent manner (P=0.002).
Conclusion
Breast cancer survivors who used CAM had a higher FCR than CAM non-users. The dose-response relationship between the use of multiple types of CAM and FCR suggests that breast cancer survivors who use multiple types of CAM should be provided with appropriate psychological interventions to decrease FCR.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Critical Considerations Regarding the Article “Association between Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use and Fear of Cancer Recurrence among Breast Cancer Survivors”
    Niloufar Johari Varnoosfaderani, Ehsan Amiri-Ardekani
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2023; 44(1): 66.     CrossRef
  • Use of complementary and alternative medicine for reducing fear of cancer recurrence among cancer survivors: Does it work?
    Heliang Wu, Adnan Rashid Aziz, Mahlagha Dehghan, Leyla Ahmadi Lari, Rasmieh Al-Amer, Mohammad Ali Zakeri
    Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing.2023; 10(10): 100278.     CrossRef
  • Adherence to lifestyle recommendations among Norwegian cancer survivors and the impact of traditional and complementary medicine use: the Tromsø Study 2015–2016
    Kiwumulo Nakandi, Faith O. Benebo, Laila A. Hopstock, Trine Stub, Agnete E. Kristoffersen
    BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,207 View
  • 77 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
The Association between the Use of Dietary Supplement and Psychological Status of Cancer Survivors in Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study
Han Rim Lee, Yun-Mi Song, Keun Hye Jeon, In Young Cho
Korean J Fam Med 2021;42(4):317-326.   Published online July 20, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.20.0184
Background
Dietary supplements (DS) use is known to be common among cancer survivors. However, detailed information on the factors influencing DS use seems insufficient, including cancer-related and psychological factors.
Methods
Study subjects were 1,852 Korean adult cancer survivors recruited from cancer survivor clinic of two university-affiliated hospitals. Data were collected retrospectively through review of medical records and self-administered questionnaires. Psychological factors were assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory-Short Form. Factors associated the DS use were evaluated by multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusting for covariates.
Results
The prevalence of long-term DS use was 15.7% in overall (17.5% in female and 11.6% in male). Female survivors were 3.14 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89–5.22) more likely to use DS than male. In male cancer survivors, ever-smoking and previous radiotherapy were positively associated with DS use. In females, breast cancer survivors were 0.32 times less likely to use DS compared with stomach cancer survivors, and survivors with family history of cancer were 1.39 times more likely to use DS than those without. After adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors, survivors with anxiety (HADS ≥8) used DS 1.38 times (95% CI, 1.01–1.91) more frequently, compared with those without anxiety.
Conclusion
Diverse factors such as female sex, cancer treatment modality, smoking history, family history and anxiety status were associated with DS use in Korean cancer survivors. Targeted strategies with consideration of these factors are needed for counseling DS use for cancer survivors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Exploring men’s cancer journeys in Norway: a comprehensive survey on diet, supplements, and use of complementary and alternative therapies
    Agnete E. Kristoffersen, Kiwumulo Nakandi, Arne Johan Norheim, Mona Bjelland, Jorunn V. Nilsen, Eran Ben-Arye
    BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Supplement use and its impact on daily life of cancer patients: a cross-sectional study
    Youssef El Toum, Tarek Costa, Elissa El Toum, Tina Haddad, Pascale Salameh, Fady El karak, Marwan Ghosn, Fady Nasr, Georges Chahine, Joseph Kattan, Hampig Raphael Kourie
    Supportive Care in Cancer.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with Long-Term Dietary Supplement Use among Korean Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Seonghye Kim, Yohwan Yeo, Jinyoung Shin, Dong Wook Shin, Belong Cho, Yun-Mi Song
    Nutrients.2023; 15(18): 4087.     CrossRef
  • Addressing Patient Requests to Add Dietary Supplements to Their Cancer Care—A Suggested Approach
    Moshe Frenkel, Meroe B. Morse, Santhosshi Narayanan
    Nutrients.2023; 15(24): 5029.     CrossRef
  • Differences in the Perception of Dietary Supplements between Dietary Supplement/Medicine Users and Non-Users
    Tsuyoshi Chiba, Nanae Tanemura
    Nutrients.2022; 14(19): 4114.     CrossRef
  • The Self-Administered Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Supplements and Antioxidants in Cancer Therapy and the Critical Role of Nrf-2—A Systematic Review
    Paula Krejbich, Marc Birringer
    Antioxidants.2022; 11(11): 2149.     CrossRef
  • 4,662 View
  • 99 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
Background
This study aimed to investigate trends in the prevalence of current smokers and motivation to quit among Korean male cancer survivors.
Methods
Out of 20,012 men who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (2010–2012), VI (2013–2015), and VII (2016–2017), 742 cancer survivors were included. A cancer survivor was defined as a person who concurred to the item, “The cancer has been diagnosed by a doctor” in the health questionnaire. Smoking status was classified as current, former, and never smokers. Regarding motivation to quit smoking, we defined those who had a willingness to quit within 6 months as the willing group. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine trends in the prevalence of current smokers and the proportion of the willing group among current smokers.
Results
Overall, 3.7% of Korean men who participated in the study were cancer survivors. Current smokers constituted 19.5%, 19.1%, and 15.3% of cancer survivors in phases V, VI, and VII respectively which did not show significant changes (P for trend=0.33). However, the proportion of current smokers in the non-cancer group was significantly reduced to 46.6%, 41.2%, and 38.9% in phases V, VI, and VII, respectively (P for trend <0.001). The proportion of those with a motivation to quit smoking did not show a significant trend in the cancer survivors (P for trend=0.964) and non-cancer group (P for trend=0.884).
Conclusion
Prevalence of current smokers and motivation to quit in Korean male cancer survivors did not show significant trends.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Current status of health promotion in Korea
    Soo Young Kim
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 776.     CrossRef
  • Smoking Cessation in Cancer Survivors
    Young Gyu Cho
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2021; 42(4): 258.     CrossRef
  • 4,586 View
  • 84 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
Background
Cancer survivors experience decreased physical function and reduced muscle strength, which leads to lower quality of life (QOL). The hand grip strength (HGS) can be a predictor of poor health-related QOL as a parameter of sarcopenia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between low HGS and QOL in cancer survivors and healthy controls.
Methods
We analyzed 392 cancer survivors and 1,176 healthy controls from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2014–2017. We defined low HGS as 2 standard deviation values for healthy young Korean adults from a previous study. QOL was evaluated using the European Quality of Life Scale-Five Dimensions. A complex sample logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between each dimension of low HGS and QOL.
Results
The odds ratios (ORs) for decreased QOL were significantly higher in male cancer survivors with low HGS on self-care (OR, 8.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69–42.83) and usual activities (OR, 6.63; 95% CI, 1.22–36.03). The ORs for problems in mobility (OR, 5.87; 95% CI, 2.04–16.91), usual activities (OR, 14.46; 95% CI, 3.84–54.44), pain/discomfort (OR, 4.90; 95% CI, 2.00–12.01), and anxiety/depression (OR, 6.43; 95% CI, 2.16–19.12) were significantly high in female cancer survivors with low HGS. However, healthy controls showed no significant relationship between low HGS and QOL.
Conclusion
For cancer survivors, low HGS was associated with poor QOL in some domains. Strategies to increase muscle strength must be considered to improve the QOL of cancer survivors.

Citations

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  • The quality of life impacting factors in malnourished patients with gastric cancer
    Hong Zhao, Chenan Liu, Guotian Ruan, Xin Zheng, Yue Chen, Shiqi Lin, Xiaoyue Liu, Jinyu Shi, Xiangrui Li, Shuqun Li, Hanping Shi
    Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cardiovascular and metabolic determinants of quality of life in patients with cancer
    Ruben Evertz, Katharina Gödde, Christine Diehl, Miroslava Valentova, Tania Garfias‐Veitl, Friederike Braulke, Gerald G. Wulf, Tobias R. Overbeck, Annalen Bleckmann, Alexander O. König, Pia Weinländer, Sophia Potthoff, Sara Hadzibegovic, Alessia Lena, Ulri
    ESC Heart Failure.2023; 10(1): 167.     CrossRef
  • Understanding Heterogeneity in the Relationship Between Cancer and Hand Grip Strength: A Longitudinal Analysis
    Jinho Kim, Gum-Ryeong Park
    Research on Aging.2023; 45(7-8): 586.     CrossRef
  • Better Handgrip Strength Is Related to the Lower Prevalence of Pain and Anxiety in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
    Natalia Sosowska, Agnieszka Guligowska, Bartłomiej Sołtysik, Ewa Borowiak, Tomasz Kostka, Joanna Kostka
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(11): 3846.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of lower exercise capacity in patients with cancer
    Ruben Evertz, Christine Diehl, Katharina Gödde, Miroslava Valentova, Tania Garfias-Veitl, Tobias R. Overbeck, Friederike Braulke, Alessia Lena, Sara Hadzibegovic, Annalen Bleckmann, Ulrich Keller, Ulf Landmesser, Alexander O. König, Gerd Hasenfuss, Andrea
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • NEUROCANTRIAL: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of a pain neuroscience education programme in adults with cancer pain
    Leidy Tatiana Ordoñez-Mora, Ilem D Rosero, Marco Antonio Morales-Osorio, Rocío Guil, Giancarlo Quintero Jordan, Julian Alberto Agudelo Jimenez, Katherine Gonzalez-Ruiz, Juan Carlos Avila-Valencia
    BMJ Open.2023; 13(9): e071493.     CrossRef
  • Differences in Health-Related Quality of Life in Older People with and without Sarcopenia Covered by Long-Term Care Insurance
    Masahiro Kitamura, Kazuhiro P. Izawa, Kodai Ishihara, Peter H. Brubaker, Hiroaki Matsuda, Soichiro Okamura, Koji Fujioka
    European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education.2022; 12(6): 536.     CrossRef
  • Associations of Physical Activity and Handgrip Strength with Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Korean Cancer Survivors
    Jeonghyeon Kim, Seamon Kang, Donghyun Kim, Hyunsik Kang
    Cancers.2022; 14(24): 6067.     CrossRef
  • Differences in the Relationships Between Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass, Balance Function, and Quality of Life for Middle-Aged and Older Breast Cancer Survivors
    Shinichiro Morishita, Ryuichi Kasahara, Yuichi Yamamoto, Ryohei Jinbo, Aya Takano, Mitsuhiko Yasuda, Atsuhiro Tsubaki, Osamu Aoki, Jack B. Fu, Tetsuya Tsuji
    Integrative Cancer Therapies.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,394 View
  • 89 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref

Review Article

Sedentary Lifestyle: Overview of Updated Evidence of Potential Health Risks
Jung Ha Park, Ji Hyun Moon, Hyeon Ju Kim, Mi Hee Kong, Yun Hwan Oh
Korean J Fam Med 2020;41(6):365-373.   Published online November 19, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.20.0165
One-third of the global population aged 15 years and older engages in insufficient physical activities, which affects health. However, the health risks posed by sedentary behaviors are not well known. The mean daily duration of sedentary behavior is 8.3 hours among the Korean population and 7.7 hours among the American adult population. Sedentary lifestyles are spreading worldwide because of a lack of available spaces for exercise, increased occupational sedentary behaviors such as office work, and the increased penetration of television and video devices. Consequently, the associated health problems are on the rise. A sedentary lifestyle affects the human body through various mechanisms. Sedentary behaviors reduce lipoprotein lipase activity, muscle glucose, protein transporter activities, impair lipid metabolism, and diminish carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, it decreases cardiac output and systemic blood flow while activating the sympathetic nervous system, ultimately reducing insulin sensitivity and vascular function. It also alters the insulin-like growth factor axis and the circulation levels of sex hormones, which elevates the incidence of hormone-related cancers. Increased sedentary time impairs the gravitostat, the body’s weight homeostat, and weight gain, adiposity, and elevated chronic inflammation caused by sedentary behavior are risk factors for cancer. Sedentary behaviors have wide-ranging adverse impacts on the human body including increased all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, cancer risk, and risks of metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; musculoskeletal disorders such as arthralgia and osteoporosis; depression; and, cognitive impairment. Therefore, reducing sedentary behaviors and increasing physical activity are both important to promote public health.

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Original Articles

Healthy Beliefs regarding Breast Cancer Screening in Iranian Women Health Volunteers: A Path Analysis
Fatemeh Salmani, Mitra Moodi, Azam Yousefi, Ensiyeh Norozi
Korean J Fam Med 2021;42(2):132-139.   Published online May 28, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.20.0001
Background
In Iran, 82% of breast cancer cases are diagnosed in late stages, resulting in low survival rates. In the present study, the Stages of Change Theory and Health Belief Model were used as theoretical frameworks for assessing Women Health Volunteer readiness to act on different breast cancer screening behaviors.
Methods
A total of 1,410 Women Health Volunteers were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography stages of change were measured independently. A standardized questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model was used to assess their beliefs about breast cancer screening methods. A path analysis using PASW SPSS ver. 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to test the effects of individual beliefs on breast cancer screening stages of change.
Results
Most participants were classified in the pre-contemplation stage of breast cancer screening behaviors. Perceived barriers, benefits, and susceptibility emerged as BSE stages of change predictors. No beliefs were significant mammography stages of change predictors.
Conclusion
Iranian Women Health Volunteers had a very low adherence to common BSE and mammography practices. Healthy beliefs have a strong association with the stages of change for performing BSE, but not for mammography. The impact of health beliefs on an individual’s readiness to act on different breast cancer screening methods may vary with respect to the type of screening method.
  • 4,363 View
  • 117 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease according to Alcohol Behavioral Change after Cancer Diagnosis
Eun Mi Bae, In Young Cho, Ji-Hye Jun, Kiheon Lee, Ju Young Kim, Woo Kyung Bae, Hyejin Lee, Jong Soo Han, Se Young Jung, Kee Hyuck Lee, Sarah Kim, Hye Yeon Koo, Sang Jin Cho, Houbuem Lee, Chuelmin Paek
Korean J Fam Med 2020;41(4):222-228.   Published online April 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.18.0119
Background
Problem drinking increases the incidence of all-cause mortality and specific cancers, and persistent drinking is associated with cardiovascular disease in certain cancer survivors. This study analyzed the cardiovascular risk factors before and after diagnosis in Korean cancer survivors.
Methods
Data for the period between 2002 and 2013 were collected from the National Health Insurance Service Health-Examinee Cohort Database. Among the 27,835 patients included, those with moderate alcohol consumption before and after cancer diagnosis were excluded. Problem drinking was defined as males under 65 years consuming over 14 glasses a week, and males over 65 years or females consuming over seven glasses a week. A t-test, chi-square test, and linear regression analysis were performed for differences in cardiovascular risk factors and differences according to cancer types.
Results
There was a difference in the body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol among patients who became moderate drinkers after diagnosis, but fasting blood glucose did not show any significant changes. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease were analyzed in patients with liver, stomach, rectal, and breast cancer with improved drinking behavior, and there were significant differences in body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol in stomach cancer patients.
Conclusion
Moderate drinking can lower cardiovascular risk in cancer survivors, and among the many drinking-related cancers, stomach cancer patients demonstrated significantly reduced cardiovascular risk factors.

Citations

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  • Problem Drinking in Cancer Survivors
    Seung-Won Oh
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2020; 41(4): 205.     CrossRef
  • 4,815 View
  • 114 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref

Review Article

Cancer Survivorship in Primary Care
Jihun Kang, Eun Ju Park, Jungkwon Lee
Korean J Fam Med 2019;40(6):353-361.   Published online November 20, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.19.0108
With the early detection of cancer and improvement in cancer therapy, the number of cancer survivors is rapidly increasing. This number is expected to reach 2 million by the end of 2019. Cancer survivors struggle with not only cancer-related health problems but also diverse acute and chronic diseases. These health issues make cancer survivorship more complex, and proper care coordination is necessary. This study aimed to summarize the definition of cancer experience and management of cancer survivors, specifically focused on gastric, colorectal, lung, breast, thyroid, prostate, and cervical cancers. Furthermore, it aimed to discuss the role of primary care in cancer survivorship and survivorship care models and the National Policy for Cancer Survivors and Future Challenges.

Citations

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  • Supporting Life Adjustment in Patients With Lung Cancer Through a Comprehensive Care Program: Protocol for a Controlled Before-and-After Trial
    Wonyoung Jung, Alice Ahn, Genehee Lee, Sunga Kong, Danbee Kang, Dongok Lee, Tae Eun Kim, Young Mog Shim, Hong Kwan Kim, Jongho Cho, Juhee Cho, Dong Wook Shin
    JMIR Research Protocols.2024; 13: e54707.     CrossRef
  • It’s Not Always Easy: Cancer Survivorship Care in Primary Care Settings
    Mirna Becevic, Allison B. Anbari, Jane A. McElroy
    Journal of Cancer Education.2023; 38(5): 1592.     CrossRef
  • Factors Associated with Sleep Disorder among Korean Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Hyeonjin Cho, Wonyoung Jung, Dong Wook Shin, Jinyoung Shin, Yun-Mi Song
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2023; 44(4): 224.     CrossRef
  • Exploring socio-demographic, physical, psychological, and quality of life-related factors related with fear of cancer recurrence in stomach cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study
    Jinyoung Shin, Dong Wook Shin, Jungkwon Lee, JiHye Hwang, Ji Eun Lee, BeLong Cho, Yun–Mi Song
    BMC Cancer.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Interdisciplinary Approaches to Survivorship with a Focus on the Low-grade and Benign Brain Tumor Populations
    Stacey L. Worrell, Michelle L. Kirschner, Rhonna S. Shatz, Soma Sengupta, Melissa G. Erickson
    Current Oncology Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 7,622 View
  • 147 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref

Original Articles

Trends in Influenza Vaccination Coverage Rates among Korean Cancer Survivors: Analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III–VI
Ye-Seul Kim, Jae-woo Lee, Hee-Taik Kang, Yonghwan Kim, Hyo-Sun You
Korean J Fam Med 2020;41(1):45-52.   Published online November 11, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.18.0165
Background
Few studies have reported on the trends in influenza vaccination rates among cancer survivors in Korea. We investigated these trends over a recent 11-year period (2005–2015).
Methods
Data were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) III– VI (2005–2015). After excluding individuals younger than 40 years of age, the participants included 2,210 cancer survivors (861 men and 1,349 women). We categorized these study participants into four groups according to age and sex.
Results
The influenza vaccination rate decreased significantly among male cancer survivors, with rates of 74.8, 64.7, 56.2, and 55.2% (β coefficient=-0.257, P for trend <0.001) in KNHANES III, VI, V, and VI, respectively. While influenza vaccination rates decreased significantly among older male cancer survivors (≥65 years) (β coefficient=-0.359, P for trend=0.017), they increased among older female cancer survivors (β coefficient=0.375, P for trend=0.011) from 2005 to 2015.
Conclusion
Influenza vaccination rates in older cancer survivors significantly decreased in men but increased in women in successive KNHANES phases. Efforts are needed to improve immunization education and awareness, especially in older male cancer survivors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Influenza vaccine effectiveness in immunocompromised patients with cancer: A Danish nationwide register‐based cohort study
    Lau Amdisen, Lars Pedersen, Niels Abildgaard, Christine Stabell Benn, Deirdre Cronin‐Fenton, Signe Sørup
    Cancer.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The coverage of influenza vaccination and predictors of influenza non-vaccination in Danish cancer patients: A nationwide register-based cohort study
    Lau Amdisen, Lars Pedersen, Niels Abildgaard, Christine Stabell Benn, Mikael Rørth, Deirdre Cronin-Fenton, Signe Sørup
    Vaccine.2024; 42(7): 1690.     CrossRef
  • Vaccination uptake among post-treatment cancer survivors: A multi-vaccine scoping review
    Kavita Renduchintala, Mariana Arevalo, Gabriella Fonseca, Mary Katherine Haver, Clement K. Gwede, Smitha Pabbathi, Shannon M. Christy
    Vaccine.2024; 42(22): 125995.     CrossRef
  • Seasonal influenza vaccination among cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the determinants
    George N. Okoli, Otto L.T. Lam, Tiba Abdulwahid, Christine J. Neilson, Salaheddin M. Mahmud, Ahmed M. Abou-Setta
    Current Problems in Cancer.2021; 45(2): 100646.     CrossRef
  • A cross‐sectional study of factors associated with influenza vaccination in Korean cancer survivors
    Ji Eun Lee, Dong Wook Shin, Jinyoung Shin, In Young Cho, Jungkwon Lee, JiHye Hwang, BeLong Cho, Yun‐Mi Song
    European Journal of Cancer Care.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Influenza Vaccination Status and Its Affecting Factors among Stroke Survivors: Findings from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
    Eung-Joon Lee, Oh Deog Kwon, Seung Jae Kim
    Vaccines.2021; 9(7): 763.     CrossRef
  • 7,236 View
  • 111 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
Background
Cancer survivors are at a higher risk of primary cancer recurrence and development of second primary cancer. In both cases, early disease detection is crucial. This cross-sectional study assessed cancer screening participation rates according to cancer history.
Methods
Data were obtained from the 2010–2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 12,500 participants. Of these, 624 cancer survivors were enrolled in this study. Sampling weights were applied to maintain the representativeness of the Korean adult population.
Results
Overall 2-year cancer screening rates prior to the survey in male and female cancer survivors were 59.9% and 73.7%, respectively, while opportunistic cancer screening rates were 33.5% and 52.1%, respectively. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of the overall cancer screening among the cancer survivors, compared to others, were 1.16 (0.79–1.72) in male and 1.78 (1.20–2.63) in female participants, after the adjustment for confounding variables. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for opportunistic cancer screening and National Cancer Screening Program among cancer survivors were 1.56 (1.07–2.27) and 0.80 (0.53–1.21) in males and 2.05 (1.46–2.88) and 0.66 (0.46–0.95) in females.
Conclusion
Female cancer survivors showed a higher rate of overall and opportunistic cancer screening than did the male cancer survivors. Further efforts are required to improve cancer screening among male cancer survivors.

Citations

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  • Cancer screening and its associated factors in hypertensive individuals: new insights from the 2021 STEPs national study in Iran
    Dorsa Salabat, Sheida Sarrafzadeh, Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy, Nazila Rezaei, Sepehr Khosravi, Ali Golestani, Farzad Kompani, Samaneh Akbarpour
    BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Temporal Trend in Uptake of the National General Health Checkups and Cancer Screening Program among Korean Women with Breast Cancer
    Thi Xuan Mai Tran, Soyeoun Kim, Chihwan Cha, Boyoung Park
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(2): 522.     CrossRef
  • Prediction Model for Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Using Korean Public Health Examination Data (2002–2017)
    Yong Whi Jeong, Yeojin Jung, Hoyeon Jeong, Ji Hye Huh, Ki-Chul Sung, Jeong-Hun Shin, Hyeon Chang Kim, Jang Young Kim, Dae Ryong Kang
    Diagnostics.2022; 12(8): 1967.     CrossRef
  • 6,127 View
  • 66 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
The Effect of Trigger Point Injections on Pain in Patients with Advanced Cancer
Chang Yub Lee, Eeun Jung Kim, Dae Geun Hwang, Moon Yong Jung, Hyun Geun Cho
Korean J Fam Med 2019;40(5):344-347.   Published online September 6, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.18.0065
Background
It has been reported that in 62.5% of cases of incurable cancer pain, the complaint is due to myofascial pain syndrome. Trigger point injections using dibucaine hydrochloride help patients with such cancer pain. This study evaluated the efficacy of trigger point injections for alleviating pain in patients with advanced cancer.
Methods
Twenty patients with advanced cancer who had a life expectancy of 6 months or less and had been diagnosed with myofascial pain syndrome were treated with trigger point injections. Prior to treatment, a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to measure the resting pain level and discomfort upon application of pressure on the site of pain. These values were compared with last treatment measurements.
Results
The mean pre-treatment VAS scores for pain at rest and upon application of pressure on the pain site were 7.3 and 9.0, respectively. These scores decreased significantly to 1.95 and 3.2, respectively, after the treatment (P<0.05).
Conclusion
Trigger point injection is an alternative and effective pain control modality for advanced cancer patients with myofascial pain syndrome.

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  • Lidocaine Needling in Myofascial Pain Syndrome for Palliative Oncologic Care: A Randomized Clinical Study
    Laís Araujo dos Santos-Vilar, Isabella Fioravante Freitas-Passos, Beatriz Menin Rossi, Fernando Gioppo Blauth, Victor Carvalho Brito Pontes, Julio César Moriguti, Marcelo Riberto, Nereida Kilza da Costa Lima
    Journal of Palliative Medicine.2024; 27(7): 888.     CrossRef
  • Myofascial pain syndrome in patients with cancer: a narrative review
    Naruaki Kawasaki, Hiroto Ishiki, Sayaka Arakawa, Eriko Satomi, Hiromichi Matsuoka, Hideaki Hasuo
    BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care.2024; : spcare-2024-005064.     CrossRef
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    Kala Bahadur Rawal, Uday Venkat Mateti, Vijith Shetty, Chakrakodi Shashidhara Shastry, Mazhuvancherry Kesavan Unnikrishnan, Shraddha Shetty, Aparna Rajesh
    Frontiers in Pharmacology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Role of Trigger Point Injection in the Management of Proximal Tensor Fascia Lata Myofascial Trigger Point in a Stage 4 Breast Cancer Patient
    Sanjay Kumar, Pratibha Singh, Anil Agarwal, Prashant Kumar Singh
    Indian Journal of Pain.2023; 37(Suppl 1): S83.     CrossRef
  • Prevalence of Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Efficacy of Trigger Point Injection in Patients with Incurable Cancer: A Multicenter, Prospective Observational Study (MyCar Study)
    Hiroto Ishiki, Hideaki Hasuo, Yoshinobu Matsuda, Hiromichi Matsuoka, Shuji Hiramoto, Masaki Higuchi, Kohei Yoshida, Akihiro Tokoro, Yutaka Hatano, Tetsuo Hori, Junya Kinkawa, Masanori Nojima
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  • Preliminary evidence of safety and effectiveness of Loxoprofen Sodium Cataplasm combined with physiotherapy for myofascial pain syndrome treatment: A randomized controlled pilot clinical trial
    Xuewen Zhou, Xuelian Li, Ziyang Wang, Dong Huang
    Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Interventional Therapies for Pain in Cancer Patients: a Narrative Review
    David Hao, Shawn Sidharthan, Juan Cotte, Mary Decker, Mariam Salisu-Orhurhu, Dare Olatoye, Jay Karri, Jonathan M. Hagedorn, Peju Adekoya, Charles Odonkor, Amitabh Gulati, Vwaire Orhurhu
    Current Pain and Headache Reports.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Simon Vulfsons, Amir Minerbi
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(14): 5188.     CrossRef
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Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Behavior in Female Cancer Survivors: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2012
Eun-Ae Lee, Jinyoung Shin, Eun-Joo Hwang, Jung-Woong Lee
Korean J Fam Med 2017;38(3):116-121.   Published online May 23, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.3.116
Background

The aim of this study was to compare breast and cervical cancer screening rates between female cancer survivors and a population without cancer to identify factors related to cervical and breast cancer screening in cancer survivors.

Methods

We included 17,765 adults (738 cancer survivors and 17,027 individuals without cancer) in this study, all of whom who were 30 years of age or older and participated in the Fourth and Fifth Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys from 2007–2012. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors related to cervical and breast cancer screening uptake in female cancer survivors.

Results

The screening rate for breast cancer was 56.6%, which was higher than that in the non-cancer control group (P=0.001). The screening rate for cervical cancer was 51.4%, which was not different from that of the non-cancer control group. In terms of breast cancer screening, cancer survivors showed no significant difference in the rate of screening 5 years after their cancer diagnosis. However, cervical cancer survivors were less likely to have cervical cancer screening 10 years after their cancer diagnosis. There was no significant association between cancer screening and sociodemographic factors.

Conclusion

Breast and cervical cancer screening rates in Korean female cancer survivors are low. Secondary primary cancer screening of female cancer survivors needs to be planned in a comprehensive manner, with the consideration of influences beyond sociodemographic factors.

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  • Temporal Trend in Uptake of the National General Health Checkups and Cancer Screening Program among Korean Women with Breast Cancer
    Thi Xuan Mai Tran, Soyeoun Kim, Chihwan Cha, Boyoung Park
    Cancer Research and Treatment.2024; 56(2): 522.     CrossRef
  • Screening Adherence for Second Primary Malignancies in Breast Cancer Survivors: Behaviors, Facilitators, and Barriers to Enhance Quality Care
    Fernanda Mesa-Chavez, Misael Salazar-Alejo, Cynthia Villarreal-Garza
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    Jingjing Jiang
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  • Basic Findings Regarding Breast Cancer in Korea in 2015: Data from a Breast Cancer Registry
    Sang Yull Kang, Yoo Seok Kim, Zisun Kim, Hyun-Yul Kim, Se Kyung Lee, Kyu-Won Jung, Hyun Jo Youn
    Journal of Breast Cancer.2018; 21(1): 1.     CrossRef
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Background

We investigated the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and cancer screening in a Korean population aged 40 years or older.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 12,303 participants (5,284 men and 7,019 women) who participated in the 2010–2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess participant's SES (household income, occupational, and educational status) and cancer screening behavior.

Results

Compared to the lowest household income group, the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for overall cancer screening of the highest income group were 2.113 (1.606–2.781) in men and 1.476 (1.157–1.883) in women; those for private cancer screening of the highest income group were 2.446 (1.800–3.324) in men and 2.630 (2.050–3.373) in women, while those for National Cancer Screening Programs (NCSP) in the highest income group were 1.076 (0.805–1.439) in men and 0.492 (0.388–0.623) in women. Compared to manual workers, ORs (95% CIs) for private cancer screening of office workers were 1.300 (1.018–1.660) in men and 0.822 (0.616–1.098) in women. In comparison to the least educated men, OR (95% CI) for private cancer screening of the most educated men was statistically significant (1.530 [1.117–2.095]).

Conclusion

Higher economic status was associated with higher rates of overall and private cancer screening in both sexes and a lower rate of NCSP in women. Male office workers and more educated individuals underwent private cancer screening at a higher rate than manual workers and less educated individuals, respectively.

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  • Regularity of cervical cancer screening in Korea: analysis using national public data for 12 years
    Jong-Yeup Kim, Jeeyoung Hong, Juhee Yoon, Jinsol Park, Tae-Hyun Kim
    Journal of Gynecologic Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between Socioecological Status, Nutrient Intake, and Cancer Screening Behaviors in Adults Aged 40 and Over: Insights from the Eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2019)
    Seungpil Jeong, Yean-Jung Choi
    Nutrients.2024; 16(7): 1048.     CrossRef
  • Insurance Types and All-Cause Mortality in Korean Cancer Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
    Jinyoung Shin, Yoon-Jong Bae, Hee-Taik Kang
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2024; 14(8): 861.     CrossRef
  • Role of breast cancer screening in the overdiagnosis of thyroid cancer: results from a cross-sectional nationwide survey
    Eunhye Lee, Sung Hoon Jeong, Chung Mo Nam, Jae Kwan Jun, Eun-Cheol Park
    BMC Women's Health.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Occupational disparities in survival from common cancers in Japan: Analysis of Kanagawa cancer registry
    Masayoshi Zaitsu, Yasuki Kobayashi, Enkhtuguldur Myagmar-Ochir, Takumi Takeuchi, Gen Kobashi, Ichiro Kawachi
    Cancer Epidemiology.2022; 77: 102115.     CrossRef
  • Financial Literacy, Financial Education, and Cancer Screening Behavior: Evidence from Japan
    Trinh Xuan Thi Nguyen, Sumeet Lal, Sulemana Abdul-Salam, Mostafa Saidur Rahim Khan, Yoshihiko Kadoya
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(8): 4457.     CrossRef
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    Hee-Taik Kang
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    Hye-Eun Lee, Masayoshi Zaitsu, Eun-A Kim, Ichiro Kawachi
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    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(3): 1054.     CrossRef
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    Hye-Eun Lee, Masayoshi Zaitsu, Eun-A Kim, Ichiro Kawachi
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(1): 303.     CrossRef
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    Hye-Eun Lee, Eun-A KIM, Masayoshi Zaitsu, Ichiro Kawachi
    BMJ Open.2020; 10(9): e039259.     CrossRef
  • Эпидемиологические особенности рака шейки матки в Приморском крае
    Варвара Николаевна Журман , Татьяна Юрьевна Масленникова , Людмила Семеновна Матюшкина , Екатерина Валерьевна Елисеева
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    Young Gyu Cho
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2016; 37(5): 261.     CrossRef
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Cancer Prevalence among Physicians in Korea: A Single Center Study
Hye Lin Kim, Hae Jin Park, Yun Hye Sim, Eun Young Choi, Kyung Won Shim, Sang Wha Lee, Hong Soo Lee, Hyejin Chun
Korean J Fam Med 2016;37(2):91-96.   Published online March 25, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.2.91
Background

There is little research regarding whether working as a physician affects cancer risk. Moreover, there is no research on cancer prevalence among physicians in Korea. This study utilized the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database to determine whether the prevalence of cancer among physicians differs from the prevalence of cancer within the general population.

Methods

We analyzed the medical records of a representative sample of 382 doctors who underwent a health examination between 2010 and 2013 at a health examination center in a Ewha Womans University Medical Center.Cancer incidence was measured as cases that were eventually diagnosed as cancer according to a biopsy.

Results

We collected medical records from 382 physicians (mean age, 51.9±8.1 years) and calculated the standardized prevalence ratios compared to the general population. Thirty physicians (9 male and 21 female) were identified as having cancer. Physicians had a significantly higher prevalence of cancer compared to the general population.Cancer prevalence in male physicians was found to be 2.47 times higher than the prevalence expected within the general population (P=0.006). Among female physicians, cancer prevalence was 3.94 times higher than that in the general population (P<0.001).

Conclusion

This study revealed that physicians had a higher prevalence of cancer compared to the general population in Korea, which suggests that there may be a problem present in the health care of physicians. Changes to the working environment of physicians will be needed to reduce the high prevalence of cancer among physicians.

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  • Analysis of Cancers in A University Hospital Employees between 2006 and 2022
    Serkan ÇELİKGÜN, Tülay KOÇ, Reyhan UÇKU
    Journal of Basic and Clinical Health Sciences.2023; 7(3): 174.     CrossRef
  • Health and Mortality in Korean Healthcare Workers
    Yoonhee Shin, Ui Jeong Kim, Hye Ah Lee, Eun Jeong Choi, Hyun Jin Park, Hyeong Sik Ahn, Hyesook Park
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Su Hyun Oh, Jin Suk Kim
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2020; 63(9): 566.     CrossRef
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    Chatchai Ekpanyaskul, Suleeporn Sangrajrang
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  • Comparison of Cancer Prevalence in Physicians with That of the General Population, and Important Considerations
    Yousef Veisani, Ali Delpisheh
    Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2016; 37(5): 308.     CrossRef
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  • 52 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
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Efficacy of Vitamin C Supplements in Prevention of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Bobae Lee, Seung-Won Oh, Seung-Kwon Myung
Korean J Fam Med 2015;36(6):278-285.   Published online November 20, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2015.36.6.278
Background

Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association between vitamin C supplementation and the risk of cancer.

Methods

We performed a meta-analysis of RCTs to investigate the efficacy of vitamin C supplements for prevention of cancer. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases in November 2014 using common keywords related to vitamin C supplements and cancer.

Results

Among 785 articles, a total of seven trials were identified, which included 62,619 participants; 31,326 and 31,293 were randomized to vitamin C supplementation and control or placebo groups, respectively, which were included in the final analysis. A fixed-effects meta-analysis of all seven RCTs revealed no significant association between vitamin C supplementation and cancer (relative risk, 1.00; 95% confidence intervals, 0.95-1.05). Similarly, subgroup meta-analysis by dose of vitamin C administered singly or in combination with other supplements, follow-up period, methodological quality, cancer mortality, gender, smoking status, country, and type of cancer also showed no efficacy of vitamin C supplementation for cancer prevention.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis shows that there is no evidence to support the use of vitamin C supplements for prevention of cancer.

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  • A cross-sectional study to evaluate hypovitaminosis C prevalence and risk factors in an acute geriatric unit in Lyon, France: the HYPO-VIT-C protocol
    Alfred Quillon, Laure Guittard, Karine Goldet, Madeleine Etienne, Emilie Blond, Mikail Nourredine, Géraldine Martin-Gaujard, Sébastien Doh
    BMJ Open.2023; 13(8): e075924.     CrossRef
  • Vitamin C – a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023
    Jens Lykkesfeldt, Anitra C. Carr
    Food & Nutrition Research.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Vitamin C Intake and Cancers: An Umbrella Review
    Zeyu Chen, Yin Huang, Dehong Cao, Shi Qiu, Bo Chen, Jin Li, Yige Bao, Qiang Wei, Ping Han, Liangren Liu
    Frontiers in Nutrition.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Role of Vitamin C in Selected Malignant Neoplasms in Women
    Anna Markowska, Michał Antoszczak, Janina Markowska, Adam Huczyński
    Nutrients.2022; 14(4): 882.     CrossRef
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    Michelle A. Briggs
    Processes.2022; 10(6): 1222.     CrossRef
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    M.S. Petronek, J.M. Stolwijk, S.D. Murray, E.J. Steinbach, Y. Zakharia, G.R. Buettner, D.R. Spitz, B.G. Allen
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  • The Role of Vitamin C in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: A Literature Review
    Marcelo Villagran, Jorge Ferreira, Miquel Martorell, Lorena Mardones
    Antioxidants.2021; 10(12): 1894.     CrossRef
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  • The vitamin epidemic: what is the evidence for harm or value?
    Michael Kennedy
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    Sepideh Zununi Vahed, Roya Salehi, Soodabeh Davaran, Simin Sharifi
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The Association between Pain and Depression, Anxiety, and Cognitive Function among Advanced Cancer Patients in the Hospice Ward
Hae Jin Ko, Se Jung Seo, Chang Ho Youn, Hyo Min Kim, Seung Eun Chung
Korean J Fam Med 2013;34(5):347-356.   Published online September 26, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.5.347
Background

Pain is the most common but severe physical symptom among cancer patients. This study aimed to identify correlation between pain and psychological symptoms for terminal cancer patients.

Methods

The total sample consisted of 69 subjects who were recruited through two hospice wards, limited to patients who were mentally alert and had no psychiatric diseases. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the numerical rating scale: the pain-free group, 0 to 3 points; and the pain group, 4 to 10 points. We used the Beck depression inventory (BDI), Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), mini-mental status examination-Korea (MMSE-K), and short form 36 health survey (SF-36). Logistic regression analysis was performed to verify the correlation between pain and other psychosocial disorders.

Results

The mean scores of BDI in the pain-free and pain groups were 25.7 and 31.5; mean BAI scores were 23.4 and 34.7; mean MMSE-K scores were 25.7 and 21.8, respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups in SF-36 score except scores of body pain. The results of logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, marital status, types of cancer, history of chemotherapy, or radiotherapy showed significant correlation between pain and depression (BDI ≥ 24; odds ratio [OR], 4.199; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.171 to 15.060), and pain and cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24; OR, 5.495; 95% CI, 1.449 to 20.843); but not between pain and anxiety (BAI ≥ 22; OR, 3.011; 95% CI, 0.907 to 9.997).

Conclusion

Pain significantly affects depression and cognitive impairment among advanced cancer patients in the hospice ward. Accordingly, more aggressive treatment of pain is required to reduce not only physical suffering but also physiological distress.

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    Courtney M. Hicks, Megan A. Dyck, Lynn Martin, Dawn M. Guthrie, Shannon L. Stewart, John P. Hirdes
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    Hongyu Zhu, Rongbo Lin, Jianyi Wang, ShuFang Ruan, Tingting Hu, Yan Lei, Xi Ke, Huiyu Luo
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Comparison of the Quality of Bowel Preparation for Double Contrast Barium Enema According to Remind Calls: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial.
Mi Ji Lee, Myung Ju Oh, Jae Sang Lee, Ji Young Park, Woo Kyung Bae, Belong Cho
Korean J Fam Med 2010;31(9):697-702.   Published online September 20, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2010.31.9.697
Background
Adequate bowel preparation is essential for accurate double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) examination. Several protocols have been performed including controlled diet, split dosage of cathartic, fasting dinner 1 day before the exam. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of remind calls on the quality of bowel preparation. Methods: We conducted a clinical trial for 248 subjects who did DCBE at the health promotion center of a single hospital. One hundred and seven patients received instructions and remind calls one day before starting bowel preparation, and the others received only instructions. Two specialized radiologists rated the quality of bowel preparation on a scale of excellent/good/fair/poor. In addition, we collected data for age, sex, education, income, and the reason for the exam with a detailed questionnaire. Results: The basal characteristics of subjects between 'remind call' and 'no remind call' groups were similar except age (57.0 ± 9.8 years, 54.4 ± 8.1 years, respectively P = 0.021). The proportion of 'excellent' was higher in the 'remind call' group (35.5%) than in the 'no remind call' group (23.4%) with statistical significance (P = 0.037). The adjusted odds ratio was 2.015 for 'remind calls' (P = 0.017), and 0.958 for age (P = 0.011). Conclusion: Remind calls and age were associated with the quality of bowel preparation. Remind calls increased the proportion of 'excellent' quality of bowel preparation, which can help accurate assessment.
  • 2,175 View
  • 9 Download
The Relationship between Hair Zinc and Body Mass Index in Breast Cancer Patients.
Hyun Jeong Yoo, Yun Sang Yoo, Soo Hwan Jung, Yong Sik Eum, Nam Seok Joo
Korean J Fam Med 2010;31(8):607-612.   Published online August 20, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2010.31.8.607
Background
Breast cancer is the one of the commonly diagnosed female cancer in Korea. Numerous factors have been noted to be associated with risk of breast cancer: body mass index, menarche, menopause, family history, pregnancy and delivery, breastfeeding, alcohol use, smoking habits, diet, education and use of oral contraceptives. Little is known about hair minerals in breast cancer patient and about correlation between hair minerals and body mass index. Methods: We compared hair mineral analysis data of 37 breast cancer subject with age and body mass index-matched normal control data (N = 144) by cross-sectional analysis. All breast cancer patients were newly diagnosed at one Breast Cancer Center in Ajou University and had their hair cut before anti-cancer chemotherapy, and the normal controls (without breast cancer) also had their hair cut for various reasons in out-patient clinics of the Department of Family Practice and Community Health. Results: Breast cancer patients had low calcium, magnesium, and zinc, whereas they had high arsenic, sodium, and potassium compared with the normal controls. Only hair zinc level had significant negative correlation with body mass index (r = -0.705, P < 0.001) in breast cancer patients, not in normal controls. Conclusion: We observed the difference of hair mineral patterns in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients compared to normal controls and the correlation between these minerals and body mass index in breast cancer patient. Especially hair zinc concentration was significantly reduced and had significant negative correlation with body mass index in breast cancer patients.

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    Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology.2019; 56: 90.     CrossRef
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    Paulina Wołowiec, Izabela Michalak, Katarzyna Chojnacka, Marcin Mikulewicz
    Clinica Chimica Acta.2013; 419: 139.     CrossRef
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Delirium in the Final Weeks of Terminally Ill Cancer Patients.
Hi Jung Cho, Hyun Ki Kim, Kyung Kon Kim, Yu Il Kim, Sang Yeon Suh, Kyung Hee Cho, Hee Chul Kang, Bang Bu Youn
Korean J Fam Med 2009;30(4):285-291.   Published online April 20, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2009.30.4.285
Background
s: In terminally ill cancer patients, delirium must be considered to be important clinically and for the quality of life. We reviewed cases of delirium in hospitalized cancer patients with the aim to recognize and treat delirium. Methods: We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of patients admitted with terminal cancer from April 2003 to April 2004 in the department of family medicine, National Health Insurance Corporation Ilsan Hospital. A total of 71 patients were evaluated with age, sex, oncological diagnosis, metastases, morphine (oral morphine equivalents/day, OME) use and amount, sedatives use, duration from delirium to death, and laboratory fi ndings. Analysis was conducted to fi nd the characteristics of delirium patients and to quantify the relationship between delirium and predicting factors. Results: Among 71 cases, those patients who developed delirium were 41 (57.7%). Among them, gastric cancer was the most common diagnosis with 10 patients (24.4%), followed by colon and lung cancers (9: 22%, 5: 12.2%). The patients receiving sedatives or morphines were 24 (58.5%) and 28 (68.3%), respectively. The mean amount of morphine was 168.6 ± 125.5 mg OME/day. Hyperbilirubinemia (4.2 ± 9.2 mg/dL) and hyponatremia (132.5 ± 4.5 mM/L) were found. Not only bone metastasis and the use of morphine or sedatives but serum Na were signifi cant (P = 0.047; P < 0.001; P = 0.069; P = 0.029). By logistic regression analyses, the occurrence of delirium was increased with decreased serum Na (odds ratio [95% CI] 0.798 [0.649-0.981]) and increased use of sedatives (5.955 [1.080-32.835]).Conclusion: In terminally ill cancer patients, the risk factors of delirium were bone metastasis, the use of morphine or sedatives, and serum Na level. Among these, the use of sedatives and serum Na level were independent risk factors.

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    Journal of Palliative Medicine.2023; 26(8): 1064.     CrossRef
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    Hyoung Sook Park, Dae Sook Kim, Eun Hee Bae, Jung Rim Kim, Jung Hwa Seo, Jung Mi Yun
    The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2016; 19(2): 119.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors Related to Development of Delirium in Hospice Patients
    Hae Jin Ko, Chang Ho Youn, Seung Eun Chung, A Sol Kim, Hyo Min Kim
    The Korean Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care.2014; 17(3): 170.     CrossRef
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Review

Primary Health Care for Vulnerable Population.
Sang Min Park
Korean J Fam Med 2009;30(2):91-97.   Published online February 10, 2009
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2009.30.2.91
Although vulnerable population such as cancer survivors, terminal patients, caregivers and immigrants have greater health needs, they don't receive enough health care services in our health care system. Continuous advances in cancer treatment have led to a marked improvement in cure rates and thus, an increased population of long-term cancer survivors. Due to both original and treatment-related risk factors, survivors are at increased risk for second primary cancers. In addition, pre-diagnosis smoking, alcohol, obesity and insulin resistance, which are well-known risk factors for cancer development, also appear to affect cancer outcome. To improve the health promotion of cancer survivors, developing shared care model between oncologist and primary care physician is needed. Chronic disease has not only a great effect on the affected patients but also on their caregivers. Caregiving burden was associated with impaired physical function and increased emotional distress. Caregiving burden also increase the risk of cardiovascular disease incidence among caregivers. More attention should be focused on these caregivers to improve their health. Recently, as increasing social needs to develop the health care system for terminal patients, Korean Government began to support palliative care units with implementing the National Cancer Control Program for Terminal Cancer Care. With these social movements, the needs for human resources in the area of palliative care are continuosly increasing, and active participation of primary care physician is needed. Due to rapid changes of population structure in South Korea, the number of multi-cultures family has continuously increased. Especially, more than 15,000 North Korean defectors settled in South Korea in 2008. North Korean defectors are more likely to have unhealthy behaviors, poor quality of life and comorbidities, while they have poor primary care accessibility. Good primary health requires a population perspective, and there has been great change of population structure in South Korea. As prevalence of vulnerable population is seemed to continuously increasing, the planning and development of tailored primary care program for this population to reflect their actual unmet needs is essentially required.

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Original Article

The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Mammographic Density in Korean Women.
Jin Sik Jung, Jun Su Kim, Young Mi Park, Kayoung Lee, Tae Jin Park
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29(11):831-837.   Published online November 10, 2008
Background: There have been very few studies on the relationship between obesity and dense breast as risk factors of breast cancer in Korean women. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between BMI and mammographic density in Korean women. Methods: We recruited 332 women without prior history of breast cancer, breast surgery, radiotherapy, hormone replacement therapy, and family history of breast cancer who underwent screening for mammography and completed a self-administered questionnaire in one general hospital. On the basis of ACR BI-RADS breast composition, four density patterns were classified repeatedly by a radiologist. Results: The mean age, Body Mass Index (BMI), the proportion of postmenopausal women of the study population were 50.4 years, 23.2 kg/m2, and 29.8%, respectively. The proportion of extremely dense breast women was 100% in the underweight group, 77.3% in the normal weight group, 41.4% in class 1 obesity group, and 25% in class 2 obesity group, decreased with increasing BMI. The odds Ratio of BMI to extremely dense breast was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72∼0.93, P value=0.002) after adjustment for age, menache, menopause, and BI-RADS assessment category in logistic regression. Conclusion: Our findings showed that the BMI was negatively correlated with mammographic density as well in Korea. Therefore, primary physicians should consider sensitive additional method for breast cancer screening especially in underweight and normal weight Korean women. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:831-837)
  • 1,372 View
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Controlled Clinical Trial

Cervical Cancer and Human Papillomavirus Vaccines.
Sunyoung Kim, Jung Im Kwak, Yun Mi Song
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29(11):821-830.   Published online November 10, 2008
The necessary role of genital infection by specific types of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical cancer development provides an opportunity to reduce the risk of cervical cancer, a second leading cancer in women, through prophylactic vaccination. Two types of vaccines targeting HPV 16 and 18 which are responsible for about 70% of all cervical cancer worldwide have been developed: a quadrivalent vaccine (Gardasil) and a bivalent vaccine (Cervarix). Gardasil also targets HPV 6 and 11 causing 90% of genital wart. Both two vaccines contain virus-like particles composed of L1 protein of viral capsid and do not exert infectivity. HPV vaccines were highly effective in preventing persistent infection by vaccine specific type HPV in young women who have not been previously exposed to them. Randomized double- blind placebo-controlled clinical trials have provided evidence that HPV vaccines have high efficacy against cervical precancerous lesion in young women irrespective of baseline HPV infection status. However, HPV vaccines neither treat existing HPV infections nor provide protection against all types of HPV related with cervical cancer. Therefore, even vaccinated females should take cervical cancer screening as recommended. Gardasil has been tested mainly in 9∼26 years old females and Cervarix in 15∼25 years old. Current recommendation for vaccination age is 9∼26 years for Gardasil and 10∼25 years for Cervarix, considering sexual debut and previous clinical trials. There are plenty of remaining issues regarding HPV vaccination such as vaccine efficacy in older women and in males, cost-effectiveness, duration of protection, cross-protection, potential replacement infection, and vaccine compatibility. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:821-830)
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Original Articles
Relationship between Mammographic Dense Breast and Other Risk Factors of Breast Cancer in Korean Women.
Eun Young Kang, Jin Hee Shin, Sung Goo Kang, Yu Na Hwang, Eun Suk Cha, Sang Wook Song
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28(12):937-942.   Published online December 10, 2007
Background
Several studies have demonstrated that mammographic dense breast is related to the risk of breast cancer and is associated with decreased mammographic sensitivity and specificity. In contrast, studies concerning women with dense breast are virtually non-existent. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between mammographic dense breast and other risk factors of breast cancer, and to make a plan for individualized strategies in high risk populations. Methods: The study subjects were 565 women, aged 20∼70 years, who had a screening mammogram from April 2005 to August 2005 at a health promotion center. Data of demographic factors, breast caner risk factors and menstrual status were collected by the self-administered questionnaire. Mammographic breast density was classified according to the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) fours categories, as measured by the proportion of glandular tissues within the total breast tissue. Results: By BI-RADS categories, 'entirely fat' were 46, 'scattered fibroglandular' were 96, 'heterogenous dense' were 332 and 'extremely dense' were 91 (16.1%). Univariate analysis showed that age, occupation, education level, body mass index, age at menarche, parity, breast feeding, menopausal status and triglyceride had significantly related to dense breast (P<0.05). In the multivariate logistic analysis, only low body mass index (P<0.001), low parity (P=0.009, 0.038) and premenopausal status (P=0.001) were significantly associated with dense breast. Conclusion: In Korean women, dense breast was significantly associated with low body mass index, low parity and premenopausal status. Therefore, if women with dense breast have these risk factors, they need to be managed more intensively with regular screening, breast sonogram, and lifestyle modification. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28:937-942)
  • 1,661 View
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Validation of Scoring System for Survival Prediction in Terminal Cancer Patients in Korea.
In Chul Lee, Chan Kyong Kim, Sang Yeon Suh, Young Sung Kim, Kyung Hee Cho, Hee Cheol Kang, Bang Bu Youn
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28(9):682-689.   Published online September 10, 2007
Background
Accurate prediction of survival in terminal cancer patients is important for planning effective palliative care. But, the prediction of survival most often relies on the physicians' prediction. Recently, simple prognostic scores such as Palliative Prognostic Index and Palliative Prognostic Score have been developed to estimate duration of survival. The aim of this study was to validate these prognostic scores and physicians' prediction for terminally ill cancer patients in Korea to determine its value in clinical practice. Methods: The subjects of this study were 40 terminal cancer inpatients of one hospital who died between March to May 2005. All patients' Palliative Prognostic Index, Palliative Prognostic Score, and physicians' prediction were recorded on admission by a physician. Results: When a Palliative Prognostic Index of more than 6 was adopted as a cut-off point 3 weeks' survival was predicted with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 60%. When the three groups were grouped by Palliative Prognostic Scores (group A: ≤5.5, group B: 5.6∼11, group C: >11), the 30 day survival probability were 60% for group A, 16.7% for group B, and 4.3% for group C, respectively. Physicians' prediction showed moderate correlation (correlation coefficient=0.604) with actual survival and had a tendency to overestimate survival. Conclusion: Palliative Prognostic Index was proved to be a reliable survival prediction tool in Korea. Palliative Prognostic Score had a tendency to overestimate survival as compared with other studies. Physicians' prediction had a correlation with actual survival, and it was presumed to be more accurate when combined with other prognostic score. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28: 682-689)
  • 1,606 View
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Colorectal Cancer Screening Recommendations by Primary Care Physicians' in Seoul.
Eun Jung Lee, Eun Ju Sung, Ho Cheol Shin, Yong Woo Park, Cheol Hwan Kim, Soo Youn Kim
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28(1):17-23.   Published online January 10, 2007
Background
: Regular colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is known to reduce the CRC incidence and mortality. Health care providers can play a key role in recommending screening to healthy people. However, data on providers' CRC screening knowledge, attitude, and practice are sparse in Korea. We investigated primary care physicians' perception and performance of practice guidelines for CRC screening recommendations, and their view of barriers to physicians' adherence to guidelines.

Methods : A questionnaire was administered to 760 primary care physicians of internal medicine, general surgery, and family medicine in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected from March 2 to April 30, 2004, and those of 106 respondents (response rate 14%) were analyzed.

Results : Forty seven percent of respondents reported they recommended CRC screening. The most common screening test equipment in primary care settings was the fecal occults blood test (22.6%) followed by sigmoidoscopy (16.0%), colonoscopy (16.0%), and double contrast barium enema (10.4%). However, colonoscopy was recommended the most as a CRC screening method (54%) and only 43% of respondents complied with the interval indicated on the guidelines. Awareness (64.8%) and agreement (93.2%) to CRC screening recommendation by primary care physicians in Seoul, Korea was high, but the screening delivery was suboptimal. Many primary care physicians regarded patient-related factors were more important barriers of CRC screening than environment-related factors.

Conclusion : There were many barriers to physicians' guideline adherence. It may be useful to develop and improve guidelines in considerationt these barriers to establish appropriate cancer screening.
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The Delivery of Diabetic Care and Preventive Services among Diabetic Patients in Family Practice.
Jong Myoung Kim, Hye Gyoung Kim, Young Sik Kim
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2006;27(12):982-987.   Published online December 10, 2006
Background
: The delivery of proper diabetes care and preventive services is essential for diabetic patients in family practice. However, there are few studies on preventive service practice. This study aimed to survey the delivery of preventive services among diabetic patients in an outpatient department of family medicine in a general hospital.

Methods : We reviewed all of the electronic medical records and charts of patients with a recent diagnosis code of type II diabetes mellitus in an outpatient department of family medicine at Asan Medical Center from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2002, encompassing documentation of laboratory tests, treatment, and cancer screening.

Results : This study included 124 patients with diabetes. Blood pressure measurement, fundus examination, and nutritional counseling were performed in 96.7%, 80.6%, and 50% of subjects, respectively. Lipid profiles and urine microalbumin were checked in 91.1% and 58.2%, respectively. Anti-platelet and anti-smoking agents were prescribed in 17.7% and 13.2%, respectively. In males, the rate of cancer screening for stomach and colon were 55.9 and 53.2%, respectively. In females, the rate of cancer screening for stomach, colon, breast, and cervix were 45.5, 51.6, 43.2, and 38.6%, respectively.

Conclusion : Diabetic care related services were delivered more often than those of preventive services, such as cancer screening and prescription of anti-smoking or anti- platelet agents. Efforts to improve the delivery of preventive services are needed among diabetic patients in family practice.
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Validity and Reliability of Self-Report in Cancer Screening.
Ihn Sook Jeong, Yoon Jin Kim, Sangyeoup Lee, Jin Ho Chun
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2006;27(4):302-312.   Published online April 10, 2006
Background
: The study was aimed to examine the validity and the reliability of self-report of gastric cancer screening (endoscopy or upper GI), mammography, and Pap smear.

Methods : The study subjects for validity included those who had undergone 276 endoscopies or UGIs, 127 mammograms, and 125 Pap smears performed at a health promotion center of P and I university hospital during January 1, 1999 to June 30, 1999 and January 1, 2002 to June 30, 2002. The study subjects for reliability included those who had undergone 86 endoscopies or UGIs, 31 mammograms, and 33 Pap smears who went through two surveys. The data was collected by mail or telephone interview. We calculated the sensitivity of self-reports by comparing the self-report and the laboratory results as a gold standard, and the agreement between repeated reporting.

Results : The sensitivities based on the test year were 49.3% for gastric cancer screening, 56.7% for mammography, and 53.6% Pap smear, and the sensitivities on the test month were 39.1%, 45.7%, and 46.4%, respectively. The agreement between the two self-reporting on the test year were 59.6% for gastric cancer screening, 67.7% for mammography, and 63.6% Pap smear, and the agreement on the test month were 82.3% for gastric cancer screening, 74.2% for mammography, and 72.7% for Pap smear.

Conclusion : Self-report alone may not provide accurate or reliable data on the cancer screening compliance. It is recommended to utilize other objective data for cancer screening. And it would be helpful to utilize a memo- book as a reminder to screen for cancer in order to enhance the validity and the reliability of self-report.
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Factors associated with Receiving Rescreening in High Risk Group Diagnosed by Endoscopic Screening of Stomach Cancer.
Rae Hwan Lee, Ho Cheul Yun, Hee Gyung Joe, Kyong Rae Kim, Joon Ho Wang, Hyuk Jung Kweon, Dong Yung Cho
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2006;27(4):270-277.   Published online April 10, 2006
Background
: Stomach cancer is the most common cancer in Korea. Lifelong health management program recommends that males over 40 years and women over 50 years should undergo stomach cancer screening by endoscopy or upper gastrointestinal series every two years. The importance of re-screening of stomach cancer in a high risk group is emphasized.

Methods : A telephone questionnaire was done one year after to 123 patients over 40 years old considered as a high risk group with either chronic atropic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, gastric ulcer, gastric adenoma among 804 subjects who had undergone an endoscopic examination from February 2002 to June 2003 at a university hospital health promotion center.

Results : The number of patients who responded were 109. The average recognition rate of high risk group was 53.2%. The rate of recognition of high risk group was lower in good subjective health estimation group and in less educated group, in old age group, and in chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia group. The rate of not receiving re-screening after 1 year was 48 (44.0%). Re-screening rate in patients with intestinal metaplasia (35.3%) and chronic atropic gastritis (39.1%) compared to gastric ulcer (77.8%) and gastric polyp (90.0%), in those not recognizing themselves as high risk group, in low education group, in old age, was lower.

Conclusion : In patients with chronic atropic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, in those not recognizing themselves as high risk group, in old age and in good subjective health state. We need to educate the importance for regular screening of stomach cancer more intensively.
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  • 15 Download
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