Background
The Korean Journal of Family Medicine (KJFM), which is an official journal of the Korean Academy of Family Medicine, is an English-text medical journal published since 2009. Although nearly 15 years have passed since the journal was launched, to the best of our knowledge, no study has reviewed articles published in the KJFM. Accordingly, we analyzed articles published in the KJFM for the first time.
Methods
Articles published in the KJFM between January 2018 and November 2023 were categorized according to article type. Information about author affiliations, study subjects, research methods, and modes of data collection was then scrutinized. Moreover, we compared the frequencies of subjects, research methods and modes of data collection before, during, and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Results
Original article was the most common article type. Approximately 52% of the articles were published by authors affiliated with departments other than family medicine, and 40% were published by family medicine. Approximately 60% and 38% of the articles were published by Korean authors and authors of international affiliations, respectively. Throughout the pandemic periods, research subjects focusing on “diseases & symptoms” have diminished, while “principles of family medicine” have progressively increased. Additionally, the use of cross-sectional study methods has declined. In terms of data collection, the use of “big data,” “medical records,” and “questionnaires” has decreased, whereas the use of “study results” has increased.
Conclusion
KJFM is journal with wide and international participation covering various research subjects and study methods. We believe that our study provides valuable data for the future direction and development of the KJFM.

Shared decisions, in which physicians and patients share their agendas and make clinical decisions together, are optimal for patient-centered care. Shared decision-making (SDM) training in family medicine residency is always provided, but the best training approach for improving clinical practice is unclear. This review aims to identify the scope of the literature on SDM training in family medicine residency to better understand the opportunities for training in this area. Four databases (Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched from their inception to November 2022. The search was limited to English language and text words for the following four components: (1) family medicine, (2) residency, (3) SDM, and (4) training. Of the 522 unique articles, six studies were included for data extraction and synthesis. Four studies referenced three training programs that included SDM and disease- or condition-specific issues. These programs showed positive effects on family medicine residents’ knowledge, skills, and willingness to engage in SDM. Two studies outlined the requirements for SDM training in postgraduate medical education at the national level, and detailed the educational needs of family medicine residents. Purposeful SDM training during family medicine residency improves residents’ knowledge, skills, and willingness to engage in SDM. Future studies should explore the effects of SDM training on clinical practice and patient care.

Background
Appropriate nutrition is necessary for maintaining good health in the general population. During primary physician training, it is important to educate residents on the basic concepts of nutrition and methods to manage nutritional aspects according to various disease. However, little is known about the perception of nutritional education among Korean family medicine residents. This study analyzed the recognition of the importance of nutritional education, the amount received, and satisfaction with it as well as self-perceived competency in various nutrition topics among residents.
Methods
Web-based questionnaires were sent via mobile messages to all the residents registered with the Korean Academy of Family Medicine (KAFM). Out of 566 residents, 68 voluntarily participated in the study. The questionnaire consisted of 41 items related to perceptions of nutrition education, self-perceived competency in nutrition topics, and demographic characteristics.
Results
The response rate was 12.01%. Residents rated their satisfaction with nutrition education at 4.78 out of 10, and 83.3% considered it important. However, only 13.24% of the participants felt that it was adequate. The most common training method for nutrition education was lectures at KAFM conferences. Among the 29 nutritional topics, the residents reported highest confidence in subjects related to chronic diseases such as obesity (77.94%), diabetes (75%), cardiovascular disease (67.65%), gastrointestinal disorders (67.65%), and weight loss management (67.65%). Conversely, topics related to women (36.76%), children and adolescents (38.23%), drug-nutrient interactions (39.7%), eating disorders (42.64%), and food labels (42.64%) showed low self-perceived confidence rates.
Conclusion
Korean family medicine residents value nutrition education but believe that more education is necessary and they demonstrate differences in self-perceived competency in various nutrition topics.

Citations

• Regulatory systems and scientific evidence for health functional foods in Korea
  Seung-Won Oh
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2025; 68(5): 311.     CrossRef
• Guidelines for nutrition counseling in primary healthcare clinics
  Gyeongsil Lee, Seung-Won Oh
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 278.     CrossRef
• Factores determinantes de la intención de compra de productos cárnicos procesados saludables
  Diego Romero-Sánchez, Edicson Mauricio Rincón Soledad, Mónica Alejandra Arredondo Nontién, Sandra Milena Vásquez Mejía, Dursun Barrios
  Revista CEA.2024; 11(25): e3095.     CrossRef

Background
Malaysia is the first country in the Western Pacific Region to receive the validation certificate for the elimination of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The validation report recommends making sexual and reproductive health and rights of women living with HIV a priority. This article explores and assesses the sexual and reproductive health, rights, and access to healthcare services of Malaysia’s women living with HIV (WLHIV).
Methods
A qualitative secondary analysis conducted on 73 WLHIV from all over Malaysia comprised 11 in-depth interviews and 16 focus group discussions. Data were extracted from the original interview transcripts that emerged from the following questions: (1) “What are your experiences as a woman living with HIV in relation to your sexual and reproductive health and rights?” (2) “What are your experiences in accessing contraception?” (3) “What are your day-to-day experiences as a woman living with HIV?” Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results
Four themes emerged from the study findings: “lack of negotiation,” “idealism in pregnancy,” “coping with restrictions,” and “past and future fears.” The four themes are grounded in religion, a patriarchal culture, meaning and expectations of motherhood, taking risks and going against medical advice to pursue fertility desires, fear of HIV transmission, and the side effects of contraceptive use.
Conclusion
The complexities involved in decision-making regarding contraceptive use revealed how WLHIV may have unresolved reproductive health needs inconsistent with healthcare providers’ focus on HIV management and prevention. Suggestions are made for improving the sexual and reproductive health and rights of WLHIV in Malaysia, which include establishing a reproductive health counseling program.

Citations

• Reflecting on progress and challenges: the Korean Journal of Family Medicine in 2024
  Seung-Won Oh
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2025; 46(2): 55.     CrossRef
• Women’s Health and Primary Care
  Seung-Won Oh
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2024; 45(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Postpartum modern family planning among women living with HIV attending care at health facilities in Busia County, Kenya
  Florence Zawedde Tebagalika, Derrick Kimuli, Dennis Walusimbi, Edna Nyang’echi, Louisa Ndunyu
  Contraception and Reproductive Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Prediabetes is a condition associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes, in which blood glucose levels are high but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. The rapid increase in the prevalence of prediabetes is a major global health challenge. The incidence of prediabetes has increased to pandemic levels and can lead to serious consequences. Unfortunately, nearly 90% of prediabetic individuals are unaware of their ailment. A quarter of prediabetic individuals develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) within 3–5 years. Although prediabetes is a reversible condition, the prevention of diabetes has received little attention. It is essential for prediabetic individuals to implement new health-improvement techniques. Focusing on family systems is one strategy to promote health, which is determined by health patterns that are often taught, established, and adjusted within family contexts. For disease prevention, a family-based approach may be beneficial. Family support is essential for the metabolic control of the disease. This study aimed to show several strategies for involving the patient’s family members in preventing the conversion of prediabetes to T2DM and to emphasize that the patient’s family members are a valuable resource to reduce the incidence of diabetes.

Citations

• Plan, Track, and Live Mindfully: Insights from the Eat Smart, Move More, Prevent Diabetes Program
  Erin McCallum, Kelly Nordby, Surabhi Aggarwal, Christine Lavelle, Cathy Thomas, Carolyn Dunn
  Diabetology.2025; 6(5): 42.     CrossRef
• Assessment of burden of prediabetes and diabetes with oral glucose tolerance test in community-based settings of Bengaluru rural district
  Gokul Sarveswaran, Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan, Sukanya Rangamani, Deepadarshan Huliyappa, Pruthvish Sreekantaiah
  Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.2024; 13(9): 3806.     CrossRef

The teaching of family medicine and general practice should aim to develop an appreciation of the unique nature and role of the specialty. Teachers should relate patient cases to the principles of family medicine. These principles include (1) compassionate care; (2) a generalist/holistic approach focusing on the whole person, family, and community; (3) continuity of relationship, i.e., building a patient-physician bond of trust; (4) reflective mindfulness; and (5) lifelong learning. The curriculum, instructional strategy, and assessment should be carefully aligned. Core competencies include patient-centered communication, physical examination skills, clinical procedures, palliative care, humanities in medicine, holistic care, shared decision-making, family therapy, home and community visits, chronic disease care, problem-based documentation, team-based care, data-driven improvement, information mastery, ethics and professionalism, and work-life balance. Family medicine/general practice is defined as the medical specialty that manages common and long-term illnesses, focusing on overall health and well-being. Hence, clerkship schedules should maximize clinical exposure and opportunities for self-reflection. A learner-centered approach should begin with a self-identified inventory of learning needs based on the curriculum; next, these needs should be chosen as topics for student presentations. Teaching methods should include mini-workshops: a combination of didactic lectures and small-group exercises. Individual face-to-face formative feedback should occur at midcourse and culminate in a group reflection on the learning experience. Clinical supervision should gradually decrease as each resident demonstrates safe patient care. Procedure skills training should be closely supervised, formally documented, and constitute about one-fourth of learning sessions.

Citations

• Use of audio-visual aids and case studies to enhance understanding of family medicine among medical students
  Stephen T. Engmann
  African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Guidelines for nutrition counseling in primary healthcare clinics
  Gyeongsil Lee, Seung-Won Oh
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 278.     CrossRef
• Disease prevention measures applicable to primary healthcare clinics
  Jae-Heon Kang
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2024; 67(4): 226.     CrossRef
• Perception of Family Medicine Residents on the Use of Small Group Discussion in Comparison to Standard Lectures
  Ahmed Mohammed Gharawi, Abdullah Mohammed Alateeq, Ghada Alarfaj, Ayman Afify, Saad Albatal, Alaa Alahmari, Mostafa Kofi
  European Journal of Contemporary Education and E-Learning.2024; 2(5): 3.     CrossRef
• Strengthening Primary Health Care through Medical Education
  Seung-Won Oh
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2023; 44(4): 181.     CrossRef

Background
This study aims to create a comprehensive list of essential topics and procedural skills for family medicine residency training in Korea.
Methods
Three e-mailed surveys were conducted. The first and second surveys were sent to all board-certified family physicians in the Korean Academy of Family Medicine (KAFM) database via e-mail. Participants were asked to rate each of the topics (117 in survey 1, 36 in survey 2) and procedures (65 in survey 1, 19 in survey 2) based on how necessary it was to teach it and personal experience of utilizing it in clinical practice. Agreement rates of the responses were calculated and then sent to the 32 KAFM board members in survey 3. Opinions on potential cut-off points to divide the items into three categories and the minimum achievement requirements needed to graduate for each category were solicited.
Results
Of 6,588 physicians, 256 responded to the first survey (3.89% response rate), 209 out of 6,669 to the second survey (3.13%), and 100% responded to the third survey. The final list included 153 topics and 81 procedures, which were organized into three categories: mandatory, recommended, and optional (112/38/3, 27/33/21). For each category of topics and procedures, the minimum requirement for 3-year residency training was set at 90%/60%/30% and 80%/60%/30%, respectively.
Conclusion
This national survey was the first investigation to define essential topics and procedures for residency training in Korean family medicine. The lists obtained represent the opinions of Korean family physicians and are expected to aid in the improvement of family medicine training programs in the new competency-based curriculum.

Background
Smoking is a preventable cause of chronic morbidity. Patient empowerment is a process through which people establish greater control over their health-related decisions and actions. To assess the effect of patient empowerment versus health education on the nicotine dependence score and progress of patients under different stages of smoking cessation.
Methods
This was a single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial that included 76 smokers attending family medicine clinics. Participants were divided into two groups: empowerment and health education groups. Their nicotine-dependence score and smoking cessation stage were identified. All study participants were subjected to five health education sessions with a 3-month follow-up period.
Results
The mean nicotine-dependence score decreased significantly in both groups after the intervention. This decrease was slightly higher in the empowerment group; however, the difference was not statistically significant. After the intervention, 16.7% of the health education and 30.0% of the empowerment group transitioned from stage 1 to stages 2–4 of smoking cessation, with the change being statistically significant only in the empowerment group. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of study participants who stopped smoking between the health education and empowerment groups.
Conclusion
Both the empowerment model and traditional health education have similar positive effects on decreasing the nicotine-dependence level. There was a significant improvement in the stage of change for patients under the empowerment model, although there was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the number of participants who stopped smoking.

Citations

• Behavioral health care provider’s beliefs, confidence, and knowledge in treating cigarette smoking in relation to their use of the 5A’s intervention
  Midhat Z. Jafry, Jayda Martinez, Tzuan A. Chen, Maggie Britton, Isabel Martinez Leal, Anastasia Rogova, Bryce Kyburz, Teresa Williams, Mayuri Patel, Brian J. Carter, Lorraine R. Reitzel
  Addictive Behaviors Reports.2023; 17: 100493.     CrossRef
• Developing Smoking Cessation Program for Female Smokers and Assessment of Its Impacts
  Kyung Hyun Suh
  STRESS.2023; 31(4): 189.     CrossRef
• Current status of health promotion in Korea
  Soo Young Kim
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 776.     CrossRef
• Public Health Intervention for Smoking Cessation
  Soo Young Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2021; 42(5): 343.     CrossRef

Background
High levels burden of long-term care of patients with schizophrenia can disrupt the functioning of family caregivers. This study evaluated a peer-assisted education method on family caregivers’ functioning of patients with schizophrenia.
Methods
In this randomized controlled trial, 64 family caregivers of schizophrenia patients in military hospitals of Tehran, Iran, were selected and randomly allocated to intervention and control groups, in 2018–2019. The peer-assisted education was performed in the experimental group for six 1-hour sessions and the family functioning was measured in both groups by the Family Assessment Device Scale. The data were analyzed by SPSS software ver. 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and group differences at a level of P-value <0.05 were considered as significant.
Results
There was no significant differences between groups in the pre-intervention phase in all dimensions of family functioning (P>0.05). There were significant differences between intervention and control groups, in the post-intervention phase in mean problem-solving dimension (11.80 vs. 15.53, P=0.012) and in 2 weeks after intervention, in the dimensions of roles (21.71 vs. 23.43, P=0.015), affective involvement (19.03 vs. 21.59, P=0.017), behavior control (23.90 vs. 26.93, P=0.045), general functioning (27.15 vs. 31.40, P=0.013), and total family functioning (134.12 vs. 153.09, P=0.001).
Conclusion
The peer-assisted education significantly influenced the functioning of family caregivers of schizophrenic patients and can be recommended to improve the functioning of caregivers.

Citations

• Strategies to Alleviate the Burden Experienced by Informal Caregivers of Persons With Severe Mental Disorders in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Scoping Review
  Olindah Silaule, Daleen Casteleijn, Fasloen Adams, Nokuthula Gloria Nkosi
  Interactive Journal of Medical Research.2024; 13: e48587.     CrossRef
• Family-based interventions versus standard care for people with schizophrenia
  Wai Tong Chien, Dennis Chak Fai Ma, Daniel Bressington, Huanyu Mou
  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Peer Support Activities for Veterans, Serving Members, and Their Families: Results of a Scoping Review
  Jean-Michel Mercier, Fardous Hosseiny, Sara Rodrigues, Anthony Friio, Suzette Brémault-Phillips, Duncan Shields, Gabrielle Dupuis
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(4): 3628.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of family interventions for patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
  Sin‐Hyang Kim, Sihyun Park
  International Journal of Mental Health Nursing.2023; 32(6): 1598.     CrossRef
• La pair-aidance pour soutenir le rétablissement en intervention précoce pour la psychose : enjeux autour de son implantation au Québec et dans la francophonie
  Paula Pires de Oliveira Padilha, Geneviève Gagné, Srividya N. Iyer, Esther Thibeault, Mary Anne Levasseur, Hélène Massicotte, Amal Abdel-Baki
  Santé mentale au Québec.2023; 48(1): 167.     CrossRef
• Primary-level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of well-being in low- and middle-income countries
  Marianna Purgato, Eleonora Prina, Caterina Ceccarelli, Camilla Cadorin, Jibril O Abdulmalik, Francesco Amaddeo, Lyria Arcari, Rachel Churchill, Mark JD Jordans, Crick Lund, Davide Papola, Eleonora Uphoff, Nadja van Ginneken, Wietse Anton Tol, Corrado Barb
  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Public Health Intervention for Smoking Cessation
  Soo Young Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2021; 42(5): 343.     CrossRef

Background
Accreditation is an approach toward quality improvement which has been increasingly implemented in healthcare. This study aimed at developing a national functional accreditation model for primary healthcare with emphasis on family practice in Iran.
Methods
This mixed-method study utilizes a set of research methods purposefully. Initially, the reference models were used for benchmarking accreditation standards through a systematic review. Then, the primary accreditation standards were developed and then they were assessed and approved by the experts of the field via Delphi technique. In the following and after developing essential parts of the standards, the necessary changes in developed model were done according to the pilot test results.
Results
The results of systematic review suggested the superiority of accreditation models of the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom globally; and the models of Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, and Egypt in Eastern-Mediterranean region. Then, the primary standards including 39 functional standards with 231 measures were developed according to the benchmarked models, and were approved by the experts in Delphi-based study. In pilot test step, the compliance rate of developed standards by primary healthcare centers was calculated 61.61% and 26.37% for self-evaluation and external evaluation phases, respectively.
Conclusion
Regarding the comprehensiveness of developed accreditation model due to its focus on all functional dimensions and the consensus over the developed standards by the experts, it can be an underlying ground for the establishment and evaluation of functional improvement programs in Iranian primary healthcare system.

Citations

• Accreditation of primary health care services: A systematic review
  Babak Rastegarimehr, Ahmad Ahmadi Teymourlouy, Hasan Abolghasem Gorji
  Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Challenges and Weaknesses of Leadership and Governance-related Health Policies in Iran: A Systematic Review
  Rahim Khodayari-Zarnaq, Khorshid Mobasseri, Shabnam Ghasemyani, Fatemeh Sadeghi-Ghyassi, Maryam Naghshi, Neda Kabiri
  Archives of Iranian Medicine.2024; 27(9): 508.     CrossRef
• ssessing the performance of comprehensive health care centers in Aradan district based on the national accreditation model
  Farid Gharibi, Jafar Jandaghi, Esmaeil Moshiri
  Koomesh journal.2021; 23(5): 617.     CrossRef

Background
The family, as the smallest social institution, has responsibilities across many functions, including maintaining family health. Increases in chronic diseases and life expectancy require more family support to prevent disease and implement treatment for family members with chronic diseases. Therefore, physician involvement in not only the treatment of diseases but also their prevention and rehabilitation is required In Indonesia. Hence, a new approach for physician involvement with families is required, especially with regard to comprehensiveness. This study aimed to develop a physician involvement program with the family model for primary healthcare in Indonesia.
Methods
A two-round Delphi method with family medicine experts from 17 of the highest accredited medical faculties in Indonesia as participants was conducted, and factor analysis performed thereafter. The items were considered relevant at ≤0.8 validity content ratio. The second step of this research is survey using e-questionnaire involving 101 primary care physician from all over Indonesia. They live scattered in several provinces in the main islands of Indonesia such Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi dan Bali.
Results
Results showed an adequately measured sample and correlation for all items (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin of sampling=0.821; Bartlett’s test <0.001). Seven dimensions were derived from results with eigenvalue of >1, and 25 items were filtered after determining the loading factor of >0.5. The Cronbach’s α for each factor varied from 0.602 to 0.829, and that for the total 25 items was 0.913, with a total variation documented as high as 66%.
Conclusion
A new physician involvement model with the family approach model, known as the “GENOGRAM model,” was developed, which consisted of seven dimensions and 25 items.

Citations

• Comprehensiveness in Primary Care: A Scoping Review
  AGNES GRUDNIEWICZ, ELLEN RANDALL, LORI JONES, AIDAN BODNER, M. RUTH LAVERGNE
  The Milbank Quarterly.2025; 103(1): 153.     CrossRef

Background
Among the issues caused by the increase of one-person households the health problems and primary medical needs of one-person elderly households among the issues with the increase in one-person households is very important. The purpose of this study was to identified health care needs and problems of one-person elderly households by comparing health behavior, health status, disease prevalence rate, and medical needs to one-person elderly households and multi-person households.
Methods
Data were obtained from the 2017 Community Health Survey. In this study, 66,211 people who were over 60 years of age without missing variables were included in the final analysis.
Results
One-person households showed poorer overall health behaviors, such as nutritional behaviors, exercise behaviors, drinking and smoking behaviors, and poorer subjective and objective health status than multi-person households. Furthermore, albeit the high requirement of medical services for mental health outcomes such as suicide attempts, the rate of not receiving services was also high indicating high barriers to receive and access health care.
Conclusion
Comprehensive and direct comparison of health and medical factors revealed the medical vulnerability and unmet needs in terms of health promotion in the single-person elderly households. These results can be applied as the basic information to understand the needs and medical problems of these risk groups by primary medical doctors who predominantly treat single-person elderly households and can also be used as basic data for policy development in order to solve these unmet medical care needs.

Citations

• Adoption of Home Service Robots: Exploring Household Differences in Perceived Usefulness
  Minjun Kim
  IEEE Access.2025; 13: 64737.     CrossRef
• Stress management in family environment
  M. Aleem Siddiqui, Laxmikant Rathi, Amrit Pattojoshi, Shobit Garg, Sai Krishna Tikka
  Indian Journal of Psychiatry.2024; 66(Suppl 2): S245.     CrossRef
• Can Residents Access Leisure Spaces in Our City: Investigating the Leisure Space Distribution in Seoul, South Korea
  Hyun-Young Jin, Junhee Cho, Yujin Kim, Lisa Lim
  Leisure Sciences.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
• The association between living arrangements and health-related quality of life in Korean older people: a nationwide repeated cross-sectional study
  Eunok Park, Philip Larkin, Zee-A Han
  Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2024; 15(3): 221.     CrossRef
• Subjective and objective health according to the characteristics of older adults: Using data from a national survey of older Koreans
  Nam-Hae Jung, Chun-Yeop Lee
  Medicine.2024; 103(47): e40633.     CrossRef
• Household-specific physical activity levels and energy intakes according to the presence of metabolic syndrome in Korean young adults: Korean National Health and nutrition examination survey 2016–2018
  Young-Jun Lee, Yeon-Hee Park, Jung-Woo Lee, Eun-Sook Sung, Hyun-Seob Lee, Jonghoon Park
  BMC Public Health.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors Associated with Poor Self-Rated Health among Older Women Living Alone
  Eunha Kim, Hye Young Choi
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(18): 11182.     CrossRef

Background
Different scales have attempted to assess various aspects of family dynamics and structures. Good family function seems to allow for better prognoses for basic diseases and appears to be a predictor of depression. The aim of this study was to determine the association between family functionality and depression.
Methods
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis including cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies using validated instruments such as the Family APGAR (Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve) and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale III. A search strategy was designed for the MEDLINE, Embase, Central, and LILACS databases along with data saturation through a search of unpublished literature from the onset of the databases to the present. The categorical variables are expressed in terms of odds ratios (OR), and the statistical analysis was carried out using Review Manager ver. 5.31 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK) using forest plots with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). A fixed-effect model was used according to the expected heterogeneity, expressed in terms of I² . The risk of bias was evaluated using the MINORS (methodological index for non-randomized studies) tool.
Results
A total of 1,519 studies were found, of which 10 were selected for the qualitative synthesis and four were chosen for the meta-analysis. The result for the association between family dysfunction and depression yielded an OR (95% CI) of 3.72 (2.70 to 5.12) and I² of 24%.
Conclusion
Family dysfunction and depression are strongly associated.

Citations

• The Quality of Maternal Care and Family Functioning in Single-Mother Versus Biparental Families With Preschool Children: A Comparative Study
  Somaye Dadkhah, Shahla Khosravan, Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh, Reza Noori
  Journal of Family Issues.2025; 46(4): 563.     CrossRef
• Associations Among Family Strengths, Depression and Life Satisfaction Between Disabled Children and Their Parent Caregivers: An Actor–Partner Interdependence Mediation Model
  Yoonjung Kim, Heemin Chae
  Journal of Advanced Nursing.2025; 81(6): 3118.     CrossRef
• The relationship of prior flood experience to posttraumatic stress and depression in minority communities after Hurricane Harvey
  Pranav Jayaraman, Eric C. Jones, Hannah L. Stewart, Sheryl McCurdy
  International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction.2025; 117: 105178.     CrossRef
• Family Functioning, Life Satisfaction, and Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Adults With Diabetes and Hypertension: A Cross‐Lagged Model
  Gangjiao Zhu, Rahul Malhotra, Shangzhi Xiong, Xinyue Chen, Enying Gong, Zhan Wang, Truls Østbye, Lijing L. Yan
  Stress and Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Strengths Knowledge Defend Against Depression: The Contribution of University Students’ Family Functioning During COVID-19
  Lan Wen, Weiwei Huang, Xiaowen Liang, Shuyue Zhang
  Psychological Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Long-term impacts of childhood neighborhood quality on depression in later midlife mediated by childhood domestic violence: A nationwide longitudinal analysis
  Chen Zhang, Jingsong Chen, Yongzhang Lai
  Child Abuse & Neglect.2025; 161: 107292.     CrossRef
• The mediating role of childhood emotional neglect in the association between childhood neighborhood quality and adult depression outcomes: A nationwide longitudinal analysis
  Chen Zhang, Jingsong Chen, Yongzhang Lai
  Child Abuse & Neglect.2025; 161: 107294.     CrossRef
• The relationship between gender identity and depressive symptoms in adolescents: a moderated mediation model of self-efficacy and family functioning
  Chenyu Hou, Hanchun Yan, Zhibiao Xiang, Chenyang Leng, Haojuan Tao, Zhening Liu, Hui Lei
  BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Longitudinal associations between family conflict, intergenerational transmission, and adolescents’ depressive symptoms: evidence from China Family Panel studies (2016–2020)
  Yu Jin, Jiayi Liu, Pan Li, Yunquan Hu, Xintian Hong, Xiaoliang Li, Yongyong Teng, Mingxing Huang, Yuanyuan Wang
  Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Homogeneity, dimensionality, convergent and nomological validity of the family APGAR among primary care users in Bucaramanga, Colombia
  Julián Andrés Jaimes-Grimaldos, Carlos Arturo Cassiani-Miranda, Andrés Felipe Tirado-Otálvaro, German Díaz Buitrago, Adalberto Campo-Arias, Sandra Milena Velásquez-Vergara, Andrea Carolina Duran-Bedoya
  Journal of Family Social Work.2025; 28(2): 72.     CrossRef
• The Interaction Between Family Functioning and the PCDH9 rs9540720 Polymorphism on Major Depressive Disorder in Chinese Freshmen
  Yan Qin, Shuzhang Hu, Sifang Niu, Weixin Zhang, Hao Sun, Ruixue Xu, Hanyun Li, Fuqin Mu, Ning Liu, Jianli Wang, Haiya Sun, Ying Zhang, Yan Liu
  Psychology Research and Behavior Management.2025; Volume 18: 515.     CrossRef
• COVID-19 hardship and mental health in Chilean parents: the role of disaster exposure and family resilience
  Camila Espinoza, Lenneke Alink, David P. Laplante, Bernet Elzinga, Shelley van der Veek
  European Journal of Psychotraumatology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• A cross-sectional study to explore the prevalence of depression and the determinants among school-going adolescents in Indonesia
  Muflih Muflih, Akbar Satria Fitriawan
  Archives of Mental Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effects of psychosocial factors on postpartum depression: a half-longitudinal mediation analysis of cognitive reactivity
  Huilan Hong, Qiuhong Chen, Yiyang Lin, Yonglin Li, Jianqing Zheng, Ping Gao, Yang Lei, Feifei Huang
  BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Problematic Mobile Phone Use and Depressive Symptoms Among Rural and Urban Adolescents in China: A Cross-Lagged Model of School Connectedness as the Mediating Role and Family Functioning as the Moderating Role
  Yansong Li, Zhibin Li, Qilong Sun, Xue Xia
  International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of a Family-Based Self-Management Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes Patients Receiving Family Doctor Contract Services: A Community-Based Randomized Controlled Trial
  Lan Zhu, Jing Wang, Zhigang Pan, Wei Zhang, Jing Tang, Hua Yan, Fulai Shen, Yi Shen
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Background
Systemic Clinic Outcome and Routine Evaluation (SCORE-15) is a compact scale that contains the most critical family function assessment tools including assessments of the strengths, adaptability, and communication among family members. It has been translated into other languages in the United States and Europe. This study aimed to verify the reliability and validity of SCORE-15 with a small research population and justify its applicability in Korea.
Methods
SCORE-15 is a self-reporting family function measurement tool for each family member over the age of 11 years. This study used the Family Communication Scale (FCS) included in the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES) IV package and FACES in FACES-III to verify the validity of the Korean-translated SCORE-15. Cronbach’s α value was calculated to check the reliability of SCORE-15. Data were analyzed using STATA ver. 15.0 (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA).
Results
The study analyzed the correlation between FACES-III and SCORE-15 and FCS and SCORE-15 so that there was a significant static correlation in both comparisons (r=0.72 and r=0.81, respectively). Also, the research compared each subscale to analyze the correlation and the range was 0.47 to 0.95. The total SCORE-15 Cronbach’s α value was 0.92 and those values of the subscales for family strengths, family communication, and family difficulty were 0.89, 0.73, and 0.87, respectively (P<0.001).
Conclusion
Our study was the first to validate the Korean SCORE-15, which can be used as an appropriate shortform indicator for evaluating family function and changes in detecting therapeutic improvements in Korea.

Citations

• Empowerment among treatment-engaged individuals living with schizophrenia in Tanzania
  Madeline Jin Van Husen, Sylvia Kaaya, Praxeda Swai, Paul Sarea Lawala, Beatrice Thadei, Anna Minja, Jennifer Headley, Joseph R. Egger, Joy Noel Baumgartner
  BMC Psychiatry.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Validade Discriminante da Versão Brasileira do SCORE-15: Um Estudo com Amostra Comunitária e Clínica
  Marisa Machado Alves dos Santos Santos, Juliana Maciel de Queiroz, Edna Lúcia Tinoco Ponciano, Margarida Vilaça, Ana Paula Relvas, Luciana Sotero
  Saúde Coletiva (Barueri).2025; 15(95): 15768.     CrossRef
• The development of a reliable change index and cutoff score for the SCORE‐15
  Richard B. Miller, Cara A. Nebeker‐Adams, Shayne R. Anderson, Angela B. Bradford, Lee N. Johnson
  Journal of Marital and Family Therapy.2023; 49(1): 36.     CrossRef
• Effect of Method Bias on the Internal Structure of the Systemic Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Measure of Family Functioning
  Christina Hamme Peterson, N. Andrew Peterson, Corinne Casey
  The Family Journal.2023; 31(3): 498.     CrossRef
• Children's version of the systemic clinical outcome and routine evaluation (C‐SCORE): Exploring the psychometric qualities in the Portuguese context
  Margarida Vilaça, Bruna Veloso, Peter Stratton, Ana Paula Relvas
  Journal of Family Therapy.2022; 44(4): 550.     CrossRef

Background
Caregivers of hemodialysis patients spend a large amount of time providing care to these patients while tolerating fatigue and stress. This study evaluated a family-centered empowerment program on the care burden and self-efficacy of hemodialysis patient caregivers based on social cognitive theory.
Methods
In this randomized clinical trial, 70 family caregivers of hemodialysis patients in Isfahan, Iran, were selected and randomly allocated to intervention and control groups, in 2015–2016. Two questionnaires were used to collect the family caregivers’ characteristics, care burden, and self-efficacy, and patients’ negative and positive outcomes expectancies. Data were analyzed using SPSS before, immediately after, and 2 months after the intervention.
Results
There was no significant difference in the mean scores of care burden, positive outcomes expectancies, negative outcomes expectancies, and self-efficacy between the two groups before the intervention. However, there were significant differences in the post-test and follow-up data analyses (P<0.05).
Conclusion
Given the degenerative nature of chronic kidney disease, it can be considered as a source of long-term and chronic stress for caregivers. Therefore, by implementing an empowerment program, caregiving behaviors can be improved, positive outcomes expectancies can be increased, and negative outcomes expectancies can be reduced.

Citations

• Health system related kidney supportive care interventions for adults with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review
  Dilantha Dharmagunawardene, Sanjeewa Kularatna, Ureni Halahakone, Louise Purtell, Ann Bonner, Helen G. Healy, Sameera Senanayake
  Journal of Renal Care.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The impact of a partnership care model on self-efficacy and self-care in hemodialysis patients: A quasi-experimental study
  Khodayar Oshvandi, Hossein Moradi, Salman Khazaei, Azim Azizi
  Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications.2025; 44: 101459.     CrossRef
• Development and Evaluation of a Mobile Application to Prevent Recurrent Stroke by Enhancing Self-management on Health Outcomes for Stroke Survivors
  Young Ju Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Hyun Goo Kang
  CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2024; 42(1): 53.     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of family centred interventions for family caregivers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
  Ziqi Wang, Shuanghan Yu, Yantong Liu, Yujie Han, Wei Zhao, Wei Zhang
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2024; 33(5): 1958.     CrossRef
• Stress management training program to address caregiver burden and perceived stress among family caregivers of patients undergoing hemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial study
  Ramisa Khouban-Shargh, Seyedmohammad Mirhosseini, Saeed Ghasempour, Mohammad Hasan Basirinezhad, Ali Abbasi
  BMC Nephrology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Telehealth applications used for self-efficacy levels of family caregivers for individuals with dementia: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
  Burcu Akpınar Söylemez, Ecem Özgül, Özlem Küçükgüçlü, Görsev Yener
  Geriatric Nursing.2023; 49: 178.     CrossRef
• The Effects of Nursing Interventions on the Level of Anxiety and Care Burden of the Caregivers of Bedridden Patients
  B Bayrak, ÇG Özkan, BC Demirbag
  Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice.2023; 26(3): 253.     CrossRef
• Determinants Analysis Factors Affecting the Capability of Family Healthcare of Chronic Kidney Disease with Hemodialysis
  Virgianty Nur Faridah, Nursalam Nursalam, Ninuk Dian Kurniawati, Isni Lailatul Maghfiroh
  Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2023; 11(G): 6.     CrossRef
• Interventions to Reduce Caregiver Burden Among Caregivers of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients: A Scoping Review
  Sin Yee Chu, Norhayati Ibrahim, Noh Amit, Abdul Halim Abdul Gafor, Rozmi Ismail, Kai Wei Lee, Ching Sin Siau
  Sage Open.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Postdischarge Caregiver Burden Among Family Caregivers of Older Trauma Patients
  Masami Tabata-Kelly, Mengyuan Ruan, Tanujit Dey, Christina Sheu, Emma Kerr, Haytham Kaafarani, Katherine A. Ornstein, Amy Kelley, Tamryn F. Gray, Ali Salim, Bellal Joseph, Zara Cooper
  JAMA Surgery.2023; 158(9): 945.     CrossRef
• Family-centered empowerment approach to optimize phosphate management among hemodialysis patients: an experimental study
  Parvaneh Vasli, Meimanat Hosseini, Malihe Nasiri, Noushin Bakhtiari
  BMC Nephrology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Primary-level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of well-being in low- and middle-income countries
  Marianna Purgato, Eleonora Prina, Caterina Ceccarelli, Camilla Cadorin, Jibril O Abdulmalik, Francesco Amaddeo, Lyria Arcari, Rachel Churchill, Mark JD Jordans, Crick Lund, Davide Papola, Eleonora Uphoff, Nadja van Ginneken, Wietse Anton Tol, Corrado Barb
  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effect of teaching health-promoting behaviors on the care burden of family caregivers of hemodialysis patients: a four-group clinical trial
  Mehrdad Hayati, Razieh Bagherzadeh, Mehdi Mahmudpour, Fatemeh Heidari, Hakimeh Vahedparast
  BMC Nursing.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on the burden and quality of life of informal caregivers of hemodialysis patients: a systematic review
  Ana Bártolo, Helena Sousa, Oscar Ribeiro, Daniela Figueiredo
  Disability and Rehabilitation.2022; 44(26): 8176.     CrossRef
• An intervention mapping-based support program that empowers patients with endocrine therapy management
  Susanne Ahlstedt Karlsson, Ingela Henoch, Roger Olofsson Bagge, Catarina Wallengren
  Evaluation and Program Planning.2022; 92: 102071.     CrossRef
• Early Comprehensive Kidney Care in Dialysis-Requiring Acute Kidney Injury Survivors: A Populational Study
  Chun-Yi Wu, Jia-Sin Liu, Cheng-Hsu Chen, Chun-Te Huang, Tung-Min Yu, Ya-Wen Chuang, Shih-Ting Huang, Chih-Cheng Hsu, Ming-Ju Wu
  Frontiers in Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The impact of family intervention programs on the caregiver burden of hemodialysis patients
  Vincencius Surani, Dewi Elizadiani Suza, Mula Tarigan
  Kontakt.2021; 23(2): 138.     CrossRef
• Interventions to improve the well-being of family caregivers of patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: a systematic review
  Ana Carolina Hovadick, Viviane Rodrigues Jardim, Constança Paúl, Adriana Pagano, Ilka Reis, Heloisa Torres
  PeerJ.2021; 9: e11713.     CrossRef

Background
This study analyzed the relationship between health behaviors and marital adjustment in multicultural couples to evaluate their health status.
Methods
Married couples (70 Korean men and their immigrant wives) completed a structured interview on health behaviors and sociodemographic factors, the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS), and the Marital Intimacy Scale. Based on the cutoff value of the RDAS, respondents were classified into two groups: high or low dyadic adaptation groups. The collected data were compared with health behavior regarding smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and weight.
Results
The odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) by logistic regression with adjustment for age, educational level, career, occupation, length of residence in Korea, nationality, religion, age difference between couple, number of children, monthly income, and proficiency in Korean was 1.279 (1.113–1.492) for unhealthy exercise and 1.732 (1.604–1.887) for unhealthy body weight in female immigrants with low marital adjustment. In Korean husbands with low marital adjustment, the OR (95% CI) was 1.625 (1.232–2.142) for smoking and 1.327 (1.174– 1.585) for unhealthy exercise. No significant relationship was found between marital intimacy and health behaviors in female immigrants or Korean husbands.
Conclusion
More desirable health behaviors were observed in highly adapted couples. Therefore, family physicians should be concerned with marital adjustment and other associative factors to evaluate and improve multicultural couples’ health status.

Citations

• Health risky behaviors among rural-to-urban migrant workers in China: prevalence, patterns, and association with distal and proximal factors
  Weikai Wang, Mengting Wang, Hong Pan, Wenqian Jian, Li Chen, Yawen Zheng
  Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Factors effecting on health-promoting behaviors in iranian pregnant women and their husbands: the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM)
  Sara Zohouri, Mahbobeh Faramarzi, Reza Ghorban Jahromi
  BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Psychometric properties of the revised Urdu version dyadic adjustment scale for evaluating marital relationship quality between madrassa and Non-Madrassa married women
  Bushra Naeem, Muhammad Aqeel, Aneela Maqsood, Ishrat Yousaf, Saima Ehsan
  International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare.2023; 16(1): 34.     CrossRef
• The Actor-Partner Effects of Marital Satisfaction on Life Satisfaction in Middle-Aged and Older Couples: Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Health Behavior and Health
  Eun Jee Lee, Ju Hee Park
  Human Ecology Research.2023; 61(4): 615.     CrossRef

Background
Several studies have revealed the frequency of family mealtimes to be inversely associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents. However, there have been few studies in older populations. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between family mealtime frequency and depressive symptoms in elderly Koreans.
Methods
This study analyzed 4,959 elderly men and women (aged 65 years or older) who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Self-administered questionnaires were used to assess depressive status, family mealtime frequency, and covariates. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association using the eating alone group as a reference.
Results
After adjusting for all covariates, participants who had family meals 3 times a day had fewer depressive symptoms than the eating alone group; adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were 0.72 (0.58– 0.89) for point depressiveness/anxiety and 0.73 (0.56–0.94) for depressiveness lasting for at least 2 weeks. In suicidal ideation, the OR (95% CI) of eating with family twice a day was significant after full adjusting for covariates at 0.67 (0.50–0.88).
Conclusion
Family mealtimes were closely associated with depressive symptoms in elderly Koreans, which suggests that maintaining intrafamilial bonding is important for mental health in an older population.

Citations

• Ideação suicida e refeições em família entre estudantes de medicina
  Marcelo Wüst, Thaís Caroline Guedes Lucini, Rogério Lessa Horta
  Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo.2024; 16(6): e4590.     CrossRef
• The relationship between nutrition and depression in the life process: A mini-review
  Gülseren Nur Ekinci, Nevin Sanlier
  Experimental Gerontology.2023; 172: 112072.     CrossRef
• Longitudinal association between eating alone and deterioration in frailty status: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study
  Junhee Park, Hyung Eun Shin, Miji Kim, Chang Won Won, Yun-Mi Song
  Experimental Gerontology.2023; 172: 112078.     CrossRef
• Modeling suicidal ideation in Korean older adults based on their social relationships and mental health: a meta-analytic path analysis
  Sin-Hyang Kim, Sihyun Park
  Aging & Mental Health.2023; 27(11): 2193.     CrossRef
• Living and eating alone on depressive symptoms by physical frailty status: A cross-sectional study based on the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study
  Ji Hyun Moon, Jung Sik Huh, Chang Won Won, Hyeon Ju Kim
  Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics.2022; 98: 104570.     CrossRef
• Association between eating alone and cardiovascular diseases in elderly women: a cross-sectional study of KNHANES 2016 data
  Han-Gyo Choi, Hye-Jin Kim, Seok-Jung Kang
  Menopause.2022; 29(1): 82.     CrossRef
• Association between Healthy Eating Index and Mental Health in Middle-Aged Adults Based on Household Size in Korea
  Ji-Myung Kim, EunJung Lee
  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(8): 4692.     CrossRef
• Association between Dining with Companions and Depression among Korean Adults
  Hankyo Jung, Jin Ryu, Junhui Choi, Hyunkyu Kim, Euncheol Park
  Nutrients.2022; 14(14): 2834.     CrossRef
• Analysis of Influencing Factors of Senile Depression and Research Progress of Intervention Model
  志宏 刘
  Nursing Science.2022; 11(04): 598.     CrossRef
• Current status of health promotion in Korea
  Soo Young Kim
  Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(12): 776.     CrossRef
• Eating alone and depressive symptoms among the Japanese working population: The Furukawa nutrition and health study
  Takako Miki, Masafumi Eguchi, Takeshi Kochi, Shamima Akter, Yosuke Inoue, Miwa Yamaguchi, Akiko Nanri, Rie Akamatsu, Isamu Kabe, Tetsuya Mizoue
  Journal of Psychiatric Research.2021; 143: 492.     CrossRef
• Gender and age group differences in nutrition intake and dietary quality of Korean adults eating alone: based on Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data, 2013–2016
  Yoonjin Ahn, Youngmi Lee, Haeryun Park, Kyunghee Song
  Nutrition Research and Practice.2021; 15(1): 66.     CrossRef
• Association between commensality with depression and suicidal ideation of Korean adults: the sixth and seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013, 2015, 2017
  Yoon Hee Son, Sarah Soyeon Oh, Sung-In Jang, Eun-Cheol Park, So-Hee Park
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Citations

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