Citations

• Analysis of Factors Influencing the Willingness of Chinese Older Adults to Use mHealth Devices: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey Study
  Mengyao Yan, Wendi Sun, Cheng Tan, Yibo Wu, Yuanli Liu
  Journal of Medical Internet Research.2025; 27: e66804.     CrossRef
• How men with alcohol use disorder perceive communication, couple satisfaction, relational boredom, and quality of life compared to wives: Findings from a hospital-based study
  Pradeep Kumar P.C., Princy P.J., Shivanand Manohar, Kishor M., Manoj K. Pandey
  Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse.2023; : 1.     CrossRef
• The Association Between Family Violence, Depression and Anxiety Among Women Whose Partners Have Been Treated for Alcohol Dependence
  Natasa Dostanic, Bosiljka Djikanovic, Mirjana Jovanovic, Zeljka Stamenkovic, Aleksandra Đeric
  Journal of Family Violence.2022; 37(2): 313.     CrossRef
• Family Functioning and Communication in Spouses of Patients with Parkinsonism
  Seo Young Kang, Myung Hwa Yang, Jung Ah Lee, Wooyoung Jang, Chong Sik Lee, Young Sik Kim
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2017; 38(1): 14.     CrossRef

Citations

• Managing the challenges of adolescence through improved family functioning
  Kira Alexander
  The Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter.2025; 41(6): 1.     CrossRef
• Are family meals and social eating behaviour associated with depression, anxiety, and stress in adolescents? The EHDLA study
  Desirée Victoria-Montesinos, Estela Jiménez-López, Arthur Eumann Mesas, Rubén López-Bueno, Miriam Garrido-Miguel, Héctor Gutiérrez-Espinoza, Lee Smith, José Francisco López-Gil
  Clinical Nutrition.2023; 42(4): 505.     CrossRef
• Family functioning and health-related quality of life of inpatients with coronary heart disease: a cross-sectional study in Lanzhou city, China
  Hongchen Zhang, Yanhong Wang, Xiaoqing Cai, Nan Tang, Siqi Wei, Yanwei Yang
  BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Role of Family Function in Reducing Suicidal Ideation Mediated by COVID-Related Stress and Psychotic-Like Experiences Among Adolescents
  Zhipeng Wu, Zhulin Zou, Feiwen Wang, Zhibiao Xiang, Mengran Zhu, Haojuan Tao, Yicheng Long, Zhening Liu, Lena Palaniyappan
  SSRN Electronic Journal .2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Family functioning as a moderator in the relation between perceived stress and psychotic-like experiences among adolescents during COVID-19
  Zhipeng Wu, Zhulin Zou, Feiwen Wang, Zhibiao Xiang, Mengran Zhu, Yicheng Long, Haojuan Tao, Lena Palaniyappan, Zhening Liu
  Comprehensive Psychiatry.2021; 111: 152274.     CrossRef
• Association between family dinner frequency and mental health in children and adolescents; the CASPIAN-V study
  Golgis Karimi, Bahareh Vard, Roya Riyahi, Mohammad Esmail Motlagh, Ramin Heshmat, Roya Kelishadi
  International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition.2020; 71(5): 628.     CrossRef
• Parental Involvement – Perceptions of Parents and their Adolescent Children
  Varalakshmi Chandra Sekaran, Lena Ashok, Veena Ganesh Kamath, Asha Kamath, Asha P. Hegde, Virupaksha Devaramane
  The Indian Journal of Pediatrics.2020; 87(3): 200.     CrossRef
• The Associations of Family Functioning, General Well-Being, and Exercise with Mental Health among End-Stage Renal Disease Patients
  Qi Wang, Hongjian Liu, Zheng Ren, Wenjing Xiong, Minfu He, Nan Li, Xinwen Fan, Xia Guo, Xiangrong Li, Hong Shi, Shuang Zha, Xiumin Zhang
  Psychiatry Investigation.2020; 17(4): 356.     CrossRef
• Eating habits and sleep patterns of adolescents with depression symptoms in Mumbai, India
  Panchali Moitra, Jagmeet Madan, Nida I. Shaikh
  Maternal & Child Nutrition.2020;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The effects of family structure and function on mental health during China’s transition: a cross-sectional analysis
  Yao Cheng, Liuyi Zhang, Fang Wang, Ping Zhang, Beizhu Ye, Yuan Liang
  BMC Family Practice.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Relationship between Depression and School Achievement in Elementary School Students
  Hyunju Park
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2014; 15(10): 6168.     CrossRef

Background
Patient education can play an important role in motivating patients to change their problematic behavior. This study purposed to evaluate the effects of the brief group education, which was performed by primary care physicians, on the improvement of the readiness to change in problem drinkers after a year from the education. Methods: 34 male were followed up as the subjects who had been problem drinkers and at the stage of precontemplation or contemplation before group education. The readiness to change of the subjects was re-evaluated again 12 weeks and a year after the brief group education. Results: Before the education, 11 patients among the subjects were at the stage of precontemplation and 23 at the contemplation. The distribution was significantly changed into 2 at the stage of precontemplation, 14 at the contemplation and 18 at the action 12 weeks after the group education (P<0.001), and into 2 at the precontemplation, 16 at the contemplation, and 16 at the action a year after the group education (P<0.001). The most influential factor associated with the improvement of the status of readiness to change was family function score (after 12 weeks odds ratio 1.99, 95% CI 1.10-3.62; after a year odds ratio 2.31, 95% CI 1.10-4.85). Conclusions: Problem drinkers who had participated in brief group education by primary care physicians showed continuous improvement in the readiness to change even after a year from the education.

Citations

• Effects of Brief Advice from Family Physicians on the Readiness to Change of Korean Male At-risk Drinkers
  Bora Kwon, Jong Sung Kim, Sung Soo Kim, Jin Gyu Jung, Min Yeong Kim, In Gyu Song, Kwang Mi Youn
  Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2012; 33(3): 157.     CrossRef
• A Case of Amebic Liver Abscess with Pleural Effusion in an AIDS Patient
  Kee Bum Kim, Byung Soo Na, Seung Hoon Lee, Chang Hyeon Seock, Hyeon U Jo, Won Seok Choi, Myung Soo Kim
  Infection and Chemotherapy.2010; 42(5): 299.     CrossRef

Background
: Family environment has an important effect on the development of children. During childhood and adolescence, depression and anxiety are common forms of psychopathology. Therefore, the relationship between family function and depression·anxiety in children was investigated in this study. This research was intended to aid management of children in the field of primary care.

Methods : This study was based on the survey administered to 193, 4th grade students of two elementary schools in the area of Sung-buk in Seoul, Korea, in May, 2003. We investigated family function, depression and anxiety by self-rating using the Smilkstein's Family APGAR, the Kovacs's CDI and the Reynolds's RCMAS. At the same time, home environment characteristics (Family Structure, Parental Religion, Parental Education and Monthly Household Income) were investigated.

Results : There were no significant differences in home environment characteristics between Family APGAR groups (P＞0.05). CDI scores were significantly higher for children whose parents had education levels of middle school or lower (P＜0.05). However, there was no significant difference in RCMAS scores between home environment characteristics (P＞0.05). CDI score was significantly different between Family APGAR groups (P ＜0.05). And, RCMAS scores was significantly higher in poor family function groups than good family function groups according to Family APGAR groups (P＜0.01). Both CDI and RCMAS scores was negatively correlated with Family APGAR scores (r=-0.376, P＜0.01) (r=-0.266, P＜0.01) and CDI score was positively correlated with RCMAS scores (r=0.711, P＜0.01).

Conclusion : In groups where the Family APGAR score was lower, both CDI and RCMAS scores were significantly lower. Accordingly, when caring for children, family physicians should need to their family function and know that it has an effect on children's emotions.

Background
: Recently, adolescent smoking has become one of the most serious problems in our society. In this study, we surveyed smoking status, family function by Korean family function assessment tool, history of abuse, and others to know the factors associated with smoking for high school students.

Methods : In May 2001, a total of 1,033 students from 2 male and 2 female general high schools located in Seoul were assessed with self-completing questionnaire. Among the total, there were 502 male and 533 female students.

Results : The percentage of male smokers was 27.7% and that of female smokers was 14.5%. The percentage of smokers was significantly higher in students with a history of physical abuse, psychological abuse or negligence (only in males) than in students without them. The family function score of the smokers was 127.3±20.3 and that of the non-smokers was 140.3±21.0 in males. The family function score of the smokers was 121.5±17.45 and that of the non-smokers was 140.9±22.1 in females. The family function score of the smokers was significantly lower than that of the non-smokers in males and females. In 6 factors (supportiveness, alienation, closeness, roles, sociality, authority (only in males)) each family function score of the smokers was significantly lower than that of the non-smokers in males and females.

Conclusion : Adolescent smoking was associated with family function and history of abuse (physical, psychological and negligence (only in males)).

Background
: It is well known that family is not only the basis but also one of the major factors for personal health management. In this study, we examined to find out the association of family function with health behavior.

Methods : From June to August, 1999, a total of 800 middle and high school students, selected from several metropolitan, medium and small sized cities and a 'myon', were questionnaired on their health-related behaviors like smoking, alcohol intake, diet, exercise and sleeping by means of 'Korean Family Function Assessment Tool'.

Results : Among the total, 599 students gave appropriate answers. They were composed of 323 (53.9%) middle school and 276 (46.1%) high school students. Male to female sex ratio was 307 (51.3%) to 292 (48.7%). In the aspect of smoking, smoking group and non-smoking group showed 127.0±23.3 and 144.9±23.6, respectively, in terms of Korean Family Function Assessment Tool and were statistically significant (P＜0.01). The students were divided into three groups as heavy alcohol drinkers who consumed alcohol more than 168 g-in case of girls the datum point was 132 g-per week, light drinkers and non-drinkers. Their KFFAT scores were also significantly different from each other (P＜0.01). On tukey multiple comparison, there was a significant difference primarily between the drinkers and the non-drinkers (P＜0.05). Similar findings were shown between the regular and the irregular diet group (P＜0.01). But there as no significance with respect to exercise and sleeping.

Conclusion : Among the health-related behaviors of adolescents, smoking, alcohol intake and diet habit were significantly associated with family function, but exercise and sleeping were not.

Background
: We developed Korean Family Function Assessment Tool(KFFAT). In order to confide in the results of the KFFAT, it was necessary to verify the psychometric properties(validity and reliability).

Methods : To evaluate the reliability of the KFFAT, internal consistency and scale-item correlation was carried out with 800 middle and high school students and their 800 parents. A three-week interval test-retest was also carried out with 50 high school students and their 50 parents.
In addition, the KFFAT was compared to the family APGAR and the FACES III to evaluate the validity with 800 middle and high school students and their 800 parents.

Results : Cronbach alpha of each scale was 0.55-0.88 and overall scale-item correlation coefficient was believed to be appropriate. Pearson's correlation coefficient of test-retest was 0.49-0.79 in each scale. There is little correlation between the Family APGAR and the FACES III with the KFFAT. However, the KFFAT shows similar results in the function of family with the Family APGAR and the FACES III.

Conclusion : From this reliability and validity test results, the Korean Family Function Assessment Toll(KFFAT) could be used as a assessment tool of Korean family function.

Background
: As Koreans have had great enthusiasm for education traditionally, most students have excessive anxiety about tests and such anxiety may cause several physical and psychological problems. But there are few studies on the relationship between test anxiety and family function. Therefore, in this study, we tried to figure out the relationship between test anxiety and family function in order to treat and educate patents who have excessive test anxiety.

Methods : In a survey study, the Korean Version of Test Anxiety Inventory and Olson's FACESIII was administered to the 220 second year high school students of a single high school who live in Pusan. Two groups of students with high and low test anxiety levels (52 in each group) were selected based on the test anxiety scale ratings and analysis of their family adaptability and cohesion.

Results : In FACES III adaptability of high test anxiety group, there were 15 cases(28.8%) for rigid, 23 cases(44.2%) for structured, 11 cases(21.2%) for flexible and 3 cases(5.8%) for chaotic familes. In that of low test anxiety group, 2 cases(3.8%) for rigid, 16 cases(30.8%) for structured, 24 cases(46.2%) for flexible and 10 cases(19.2%) for chaotic familes. In FACES III cohesion of high test anxiety group, there were 2 cases(3.8%) for disengaged, 14 cases(26.9%) for separated, 20 cases(38.5%) for connected and 16 cases(30.8%) for enmeshed familes. In that of low test anxiety group 18 cases(34.6%) for disengaged, 22 cases(42.3%) for separated, and 8 cases(15.4%) for extreme familes. In that of low test anxiety group 24 cases(46.2%) for balanced, and 22 cases(42.3%) for mid-range and 6 cases(11.5%) for extreme familes.

Conclusion : Cohesion scale of high test anxiety group was higher than of low test anxiety group and adaptability scale of low test anxiety group was higher than that of high test anxiety group.

Background
: As the effect of the families on the individual’s health and disease is profound, it is very important to care patients based on the understanding of their families. The family function assessment tool to evaluate the families objectively and easily is necessary for this purpose. Many instruments have been developed in other countries and we have used these instruments without verification. Therefore, there is a question whether they are appropriate to the Korean families. The family function is especially important to the family with adolescents because adolescents are characterized by psychological instability. My purpose of this research is to develop an instrument to assess the function of the Korean families and this research is made on the Korean families with adolescents.
1,600 middle and high school students and 1,600 of their parents were selected for this study. They were asked to describe 5 kinds of each good and bad family relationship to collect primary basic data. These data were arranged to items based on the established scales and subscales. Secondary basic data were collected from another 200 students and their 200 parents to complement the items. Preliminary instrument items were selected by the frequency of the responses and the judgment of the author. Through discussions with experts, the preliminary instrument was established. Accessibility was tested and factor analysis was done for the preliminary instrument. After this process,, the main instrument was formulated.
For the primary basic data, 2,382 people answered (response rate 74.4%) and 10,267 responses and 298 kinds of items were collected. There was no additional item from the secondary data collection. The preliminary instrument was made of 58 items selected from 298 items. It takes 8 minutes to complete this instrument in average and 97% of the subjects had no difficulty in completing it. The main test instrument, developed after factor analysis, was made of 7 scales with 40 items.

Background
: This study was intended to look into the characteristics and problems when FACES III are used as tools to evaluate family function of adolescents.

Methods : From May to June1996, self-reported questionnaires for FACES III were conducted on 2,430 middle school and high school students(males:1,190, female:1,240) in Seoul and Yangpyung, Kyunggi-Do. There were eight schools(four middle school, four high school) in Seoul and two schools(one middle school, one high school) in Yangpyung, Kyunggi-Do in this study. Also, education level of parents, occupational status of parents, family types(extended/nuclear), number of family member and numbers of siblings were assessed.

Results : The mean values of adaptability were significantly higher in Seoul students, in females, and in nuclear families. The mean values were higher in single sibling than two or more and in parents with higher education. The mean values of cohesion were significantly higher in Seoul students, in middle school students and in family members of 5 and under. The mean values were higher in those without a sibiling and in those with above college education. In stepwise regression analysis, educational level of parents, gender, area, occupational status of mother and grade were associated significantly with the mean values of adaptability and educational level of mother and grade were associated significantly with the mean values of adaptability and educational level of parents, grade and numbers of siblings were significantly associated with the mean values of cohesion.

Conclusion : We consider that there are problems in deciding the cut-off point and in the questionnaires of survey when the FACES III is used as a tool for evaluating family function of adolescents. Trials of combining other tools of family function or consideration of lower concepts are needed in other to be applicable to the individual conversation and clinical surroundings.

Background
: FACES III is a useful instrument for the evaluation of family function. It was translated with evaluation of it's validity and reliability and used in many researches in Korea. But following studies for validity and realiability of FACES III didn't show consistent results. And for the evaluation of family function of middle school students, FACES III can be a useful tool. But it is important to reinvestigate the validity and reliability of FACES III to apply this instrument to them.

Methods : In 1997, self-report instrument FACES III questionnaires were distributed to all members of one boys' middle school students in Inchon. The 1150 questionnaires except incomplete questionnaires form 1249 students were analyzed.

Results : The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for internal consistency reliability were 0.71 for adaptability and 0.80 for cohesion. The Pearson's correlation coefficient between cohesion and adaptability for construct validity was 0.59. Correlations between total scores and each item scores were moderate to strong, cor-relations between items in subcategory were weak. In factor analysis, there were many items that were not compatible with factors according to concept of FACES III.

Conclusion : The validity and reliability of FACES III can not be guaranteed when applied to the evaluaton of middle school students' family function.

Background
: Dyspepsia is a common problem. Functional dyspepsia accounts for 40% of all causes of dyspepsia. In view of biopsychosocial medicine, family is an important social background that is the basis of health care. Therefore we studied the relationship between functional dyspepsia and family function.

Methods : The 64 functional dyspepsia patients group and 64 normal control group who visited the department of family medicine, Pusan national university hospital from December 1996 to June 1997 were enrolled in this study. All were examined with gastrofiberscopy, abdominal ultrasonography, and liver function test. Functional dyspepsia patients were sub grouped into ulcer-like dyspepsia, dysmotility-like dyspepsia, and nonspecific dyspepsia. Patients not having these symptoms were classified into control group. For evaluation of family function, we used family APGAR.

Results : Among 64 functional dyspepsia patients, 50.0%(N=32) had ulcer-like dyspepsia, 26.6%(N=17) had dysmotility-like dyspepsia, and 23.4%(N=15) had nonspecific dyspepsia. Average family APGAR score was 5.83(±2.2) in the functional dyspepsia group, and 6.80(±2.4) in the control group(t-test, p=0.007). Among the functional dyspepsia group, moderately family functional subgroup was most common (53.1%), but among the control group, highly family functional subgroup was most common(62.5%). Among subgroups of the functional dyspepsia group, average family APGAR score of dysmotility-like dyspepsia subgroup was lowest.

Conclusion : Subgroups of functional dyspepsia were as follows; ulcer-like 50.0%, dysmotility-like 26.6%, and nonspecific dyspepsia 23.4%. The family APGAR score of functional dyspepsia patients group was lower than normal control group.

Background
: Since the winter of 1997, Korea has been in an economic crisis. During this period family the most important and basic social unit faced many problems. The purpose of this survey was to assess Korean family's functional status and emphasize family as a social support unit.

Methods : During April-May 1998 Nationwide Telephone survey was done. Sampling was done by Multi State Random Sampling technique. We questioned subjects on 5 categories of present family problems and used Modified Faces-III Questionnaire for evaluation of family function.

Results : By 5 point scale, the impact of present economic problems to the family showed the highest score(3.7). Other causes had a score range of 1.7-2.1. Economic impact was greater in 4th and 5th life cycle step, those with low income, and those in bereavement. Family type was divided in to 3 groups; extreme type 20%, mid range 50%, and balanced 30%. Among extreme groups chaotic adoption and enmeshed cohesion type were the most common(10.8%).

Conclusion : In the korean family 1998, economic problem seems to be the most important impact factor and the proportion of extreme type family is high.

Background
: The immune system is controlled by a complex network of regulatory mechanisms which include neurologic and psychological factors. Previous studies of psychopathological population and population challenged by significant life events have shown that high levels of anxiety and depression are associated with impaired cellular immunity. However, less is known about the psychoimmunological relevance of family function with the immune function in healthy population. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and direction of relationship between family function and cellular immunity.

Methods : Design : Cross sectional, observational study. Participants : 41 healthy adult males from a family medicine ambulatory care unit in a tertiary hospital completed a series of psychometric instruments that include the Family APGAR(Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve), FACES III. In parallel, lymphocyte subset assay, lymphocyte proliferative responses to the mitogen concanavalin(ConA), interleukin 1-beta, interleukin-2 was analysed to assess cell-mediated immune function.

Results : Family adaptability was inversely correlated with total T cell, B cell counts, helper T cell(T₄) and lymphocyte proliferative response to low dose mitogen Con A(p<0.05). Family cohesion was inversely correlated with suppressor T cell(T8)(p<0.05). In the lymphocyte proliferative response to low dose Con A stimulation, the extreme family showed the highest response compared to midrange and healthy family(p<0.05). Relative to moderately dysfucntional family, severe dysfucntional family and healthy family had significantly higher lymphocyte proliferative responses to the high dose Con A(p<0.05).

Conclusion : We suggest that family function could be related with immune function and it may impact on health and susceptibility to illness in healthy adult males. Further studies are required to elucidate the direction of relationship of family function and cellular immunity and the psychosocial mechanisms involved in the immune system.