Background In Iran, 82% of breast cancer cases are diagnosed in late stages, resulting in low survival rates. In the present study, the Stages of Change Theory and Health Belief Model were used as theoretical frameworks for assessing Women Health Volunteer readiness to act on different breast cancer screening behaviors.
Methods A total of 1,410 Women Health Volunteers were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography stages of change were measured independently. A standardized questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model was used to assess their beliefs about breast cancer screening methods. A path analysis using PASW SPSS ver. 18.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to test the effects of individual beliefs on breast cancer screening stages of change.
Results Most participants were classified in the pre-contemplation stage of breast cancer screening behaviors. Perceived barriers, benefits, and susceptibility emerged as BSE stages of change predictors. No beliefs were significant mammography stages of change predictors.
Conclusion Iranian Women Health Volunteers had a very low adherence to common BSE and mammography practices. Healthy beliefs have a strong association with the stages of change for performing BSE, but not for mammography. The impact of health beliefs on an individual’s readiness to act on different breast cancer screening methods may vary with respect to the type of screening method.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
SAĞLIĞIN SOSYAL BELİRLEYİCİLERİNİN MEME KANSERİ BİLGİ DÜZEYİ VE TARAMALARINA ETKİSİ: BİR SİSTEMATİK DERLEME Özlem Durmuş, Keziban Avcı Eskişehir Türk Dünyası Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Halk Sağlığı Dergisi.2025; 10(2): 246. CrossRef
Background Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed tumorous cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. This study aimed to qualitatively explore the barriers to mammography adoption among Iranian women.
Methods This study is a qualitative component of a large research project on exploratory sequential mixed method design, utilizing conventional content analysis. In total, 24 participants were selected from among women who had participated in the first phase of the study. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews.
Results Five main themes were extracted, consisting of unawareness of mammography, fear control, priority of mammography needs, inadequate competency of mammography centers, and a sense of losing family support.
Conclusion Different perceived barriers within various levels (individual, intrapersonal, health systems, and community) play influential roles in women’s decisions to participate in breast cancer screening program, which indicates the cultural aspect of perceived barriers in different communities and countries. The study provides the basis for intervention planning in this regard.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Behind the Screen: An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing Breast Screening Uptake in Lancashire (UK) Yik Nok Bryan Lee, Alexander Montasem, Lauren Haworth, Jonathan Sinclair, Kim McGuire, Ambreen Chohan Health Expectations.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Anxiety Levels Among Women Undergoing Mammogram Screening Wedad M. Almutairi, Salwa Hassan Alzahrani Current Oncology.2025; 32(3): 160. CrossRef
Development and validation of the psychometric properties of the perceived barriers of mammography scale Shayesteh Shirzadi, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mahnaz M. Harrison, Hamid Allahverdipour Health Care for Women International.2024; 45(6): 621. CrossRef
Overcoming obstacles to mammography screening: Examining the role of offline healthcare barriers and online patient–provider communication Yuyuan Kylie Lai, Jizhou Francis Ye, Song Harris Ao, Xinshu Zhao Journal of Health Psychology.2024; 29(5): 452. CrossRef
Exploring the practice of Iranian adolescent females during menstruation and related beliefs: a qualitative study Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Abbas Ebadi, Shayesteh Jahanfar, Fatemeh Khorashadizadeh, Shayesteh Shirzadi BMC Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk perception regarding social determinants of health among women with breast cancer in Iran: a qualitative study Arezou Ashari, Neda SoleimanvandiAzar, Marzieh Nojomi, Hadi Ranjbar, Kamran Mirzaei, Nahid Nafissi, Mahshid Roohravan Benis, Zahra Rampisheh BMJ Open.2024; 14(8): e081839. CrossRef
Need assessment for the content of educational programs about breast cancer from the viewpoint of unaffected women Sadaf Alipour, Marzieh Orouji, Yas Eskandari, Amirhossein Eskandari BMC Women's Health.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Acceptability and compliance with a breast cancer prevention campaign in the Northwest Region, Iran Saeed Dastgiri, Geertruida H de Bock, Zohreh Sanaat, Mahnaz Ranjkesh, Zhila Abbasi, Pooneh Jabbaripour, Shima Pashaie, Soheila Poorsaberi, Roya Dolatkhah Breast Cancer Management.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Qualitative factors influencing breast and cervical cancer screening in women: A scoping review Jerrald Lau, Pami Shrestha, Janelle Shaina Ng, Gretel Jianlin Wong, Helena Legido-Quigley, Ker-Kan Tan Preventive Medicine Reports.2022; 27: 101816. CrossRef
Factors Associated with Screening Mammogram Uptake among Women Attending an Urban University Primary Care Clinic in Malaysia Nasturah Abdullah, Noorhida Baharudin, Mariam Mohamad, Mohamed-Syarif Mohamed-Yassin International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(10): 6103. CrossRef
Breast Cancer in Asia: Incidence, Mortality, Early Detection, Mammography Programs, and Risk-Based Screening Initiatives Yu Xian Lim, Zi Lin Lim, Peh Joo Ho, Jingmei Li Cancers.2022; 14(17): 4218. CrossRef
Barriers to women’s breast cancer screening behaviors in several countries: A meta-synthesis study İlknur Özkan, Seçil Taylan Health Care for Women International.2021; 42(7-9): 1013. CrossRef
Beliefs, fear and awareness of women about breast cancer: Effects on mammography screening practices Lida Emami, Akram Ghahramanian, Azad Rahmani, Ahmad Mirza Aghazadeh, Tonia C. Onyeka, Amirreza Nabighadim Nursing Open.2021; 8(2): 890. CrossRef
A systematic review of decision aids for mammography screening: Focus on outcomes and characteristics Marzieh Esmaeili, Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh, Zohreh Javanmard, Sharareh R. Niakan Kalhori International Journal of Medical Informatics.2021; 149: 104406. CrossRef
Breast cancer screening behavior and its associated factors in female employees in South Khorasan Zoya Tahergorabi, Mahyar Mohammadifard, Fatemeh Salmani, Mitra Moodi Journal of Education and Health Promotion.2021; 10(1): 102. CrossRef
Fear of negative appearance evaluation and attitude towards mammography: Moderating role of internal health locus of control,cancer worry and age Saeed Pahlevan Sharif, Ashraf Sadat Ahadzadeh, Fon Sim Ong, Navaz Naghavi Health Promotion Perspectives.2020; 10(3): 220. CrossRef
Factors affecting mammography screening behaviour among rural Vietnamese women Linh Thuy Duong, Hui‐Mei Chen, Chieh‐Yu Liu, Piao‐Yi Chiou European Journal of Cancer Care.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Perceived Barriers and Awareness of Mammography Screening Among Saudi Women Attending Primary Health Centers
Doaa M Abdel-Salam, Rehab A Mohamed, Hind Y Alyousef, Wahaj A Almasoud, Mashael B Alanzi, Atheer Z Mubarak, Doaa M Osman Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2020; Volume 13: 2553. CrossRef
Background: There have been very few studies on the relationship between obesity and dense breast as risk factors of breast cancer in Korean women. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between BMI and mammographic density in Korean women. Methods: We recruited 332 women without prior history of breast cancer, breast surgery, radiotherapy, hormone replacement therapy, and family history of breast cancer who underwent screening for mammography and completed a self-administered questionnaire in one general hospital. On the basis of ACR BI-RADS breast composition, four density patterns were classified repeatedly by a radiologist. Results: The mean age, Body Mass Index (BMI), the proportion of postmenopausal women of the study population were 50.4 years, 23.2 kg/m2, and 29.8%, respectively. The proportion of extremely dense breast women was 100% in the underweight group, 77.3% in the normal weight group, 41.4% in class 1 obesity group, and 25% in class 2 obesity group, decreased with increasing BMI. The odds Ratio of BMI to extremely dense breast was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.72∼0.93, P value=0.002) after adjustment for age, menache, menopause, and BI-RADS assessment category in logistic regression. Conclusion: Our findings showed that the BMI was negatively correlated with mammographic density as well in Korea. Therefore, primary physicians should consider sensitive additional method for breast cancer screening especially in underweight and normal weight Korean women. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:831-837)
Mondor's disease or thrombophlebitis of the superficial veins of the breast is a rare benign condition and a self-limiting disease. The combination of the clinical manifestations and the imaging (mammographic & sonographic) findings is the typical sign of Mondor's disease of the breast. Therefore, an understanding of such an entity and knowledge of the clinical and imaging findings will make it possible to avoid the unnecessary biopsy or surgery. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman diagnosing as Mondor's diasease, who underwent evaluation of a tender, papable cord- like mass in her left breast associated with discoloration of the overlying skin.
Background : Because the sensitivity of mammography (MAM) is lower in young women than in old and in women with dense breast than those without, many physicians utilize breast ultrasonography (US) with MAM. But the addictive value of US is unclear. This study compared the diagnostic value between MAM and MAM+US.
Methods : Between September, 2002, and February, 2003, there were 89 cases of breast disease confirmed by surgery, that had both MAM and US results. The results of MAM and US were classifed by Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) and were categorized as positive or negative. Among the positive results, BI-RADS Category 0 and Category 3 with recommendation of other test were regarded as an intermediate result.
Results : Among all 89 cases, 38 cases were malignancies. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed non-significant increase in diagnostic value by adding US to MAM. The sensitivity of MAM was non-significantly higher in above-50-years women than in below- 49-years women and in women with dense breast than in women with non-dense breast. Among positive results of MAM, 21 cases were 'intermediate results'. US correctly regraded 8 benign lesions from 19 cases of false-positive MAM and 1 extra malignancy with palpable lump from 4 false-negative MAM.
Conclusion : MAM is a valuable test in diagnosing breast cancer. US is a valuable complementary test to MAM in evaluating palpable lump with negative MAM and intermediate result of MAM.
Background : Hormone replacement therapy is effective for improvement of climacteric symptoms, and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis but patient compliance is very low. The aim of the study was to assess the comprarative effects on bone mineral density(BMD). lipid, mammographic finding, biochemical bone markers of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy in postemeopusal women.
Methods : Body mass index, BMD in the spine and femur neck. lipid, alkaline phosphatase, serum osteocalcin, urine deoxypyridinolone were measured before and after 1 year therapy in 88 post - menopausal subjects. Of theses, 54 women received CEE 0.625 ㎎ and MPA 2.5 ㎎ (CEE/MPA) per oral, 34 tibolone alone for 1 year.
Results : Body mass index didn't changed in both groups. Significantly increased mammographic density in CEE/MPA groups(p<0.05). Total cholesterol was decreased in both group, but no significant differences between the different treatment groups. Triglyceride decreased in tibolone group and ther are significant difference between the two groups(p<0.01). HDL-cholesterol increased in CEE/MPA group(p<0.01) but decreased in tibolone group(p<0.01). There are significant difference in HDL- cholesterol response between two groups(p<0.01). LDL-cholesterol respone between two groups(p<0.05). Total alkaline phosphatase(TALP) and serum osteocalcin decreased in 새호 groups(p<0.01) but no differences between two groups. Urine deoxypyridinoline was not decreased in both groups and no differences between two groups. Spine bone mineral density(BMD) increased in both groups(p=0.0001) but no differences in treatment response between two groups. Femur neck BMD didn't not increased in both groups and no differenced of treatment responses between two groups. Urine deoxypyridinoline was not decreased in both groups and no differences between two groups.
Conclusion : Tibolone was effective on BMD of lumbar spine as much as CEE/MPA and may be safe in terms of mammographic changes in postmenopausal women.
First
Prev
