Background Chronic atrophic gastritis causes hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinemia, and malabsorption of nutrients, leading to lower bone mineral density. The few studies that investigated the association between chronic atrophic gastritis and bone mineral density have reported inconsistent findings. As such, the present study assessed the association between chronic atrophic gastritis and bone mineral density among a large sample of women >40 years of age in Korea.
Methods Data from 8,748 women >40 years of age who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and bone densitometry were analyzed. Chronic atrophic gastritis was diagnosed using esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Bone mineral density of the lumbar vertebrae (L), femur neck, and femur total, measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, were the primary outcome variables. Low bone mineral density, which could be diagnosed as osteoporosis or osteopenia, was defined and analyzed as a secondary outcome. Linear regression was used to calculate adjusted mean values of bone mineral density. The association between low bone mineral density and chronic atrophic gastritis was analyzed using multiple logistic regression.
Results The adjusted mean bone mineral density for L1–L4 was 1.063±0.003, femur neck (0.826±0.002), and femur total (0.890±0.002) were significantly lower in patients with chronic atrophic gastritis than others (1.073±0.002, 0.836±0.001, 0.898±0.002, respectively; all P<0.01). Women with chronic atrophic gastritis exhibited an increased likelihood for osteopenia or osteoporosis, even after adjusting for age and other confounding factors (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.40; P<0.01). However, subgroup analysis revealed statistical significance only in postmenopausal women (odds ratio, 1.27; P<0.001).
Conclusion Chronic atrophic gastritis was associated with lower bone mineral density and a higher risk for osteopenia or osteoporosis among postmenopausal women.
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Background Oxidative stress plays an essential role in bone health among postmenopausal women. This study aimed to compare the oxidative stress biomarkers among postmenopausal women aged 50–65 years with normal bone mineral density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis.
Methods In this observational study, 120 women with normal bone mineral density, 82 with osteopenia, and 86 with osteoporosis were selected based on the densitometry data obtained from the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. The serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using biochemical methods. A binary logistic regression model adjusted for confounders was used to estimate the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. The P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results There were significant differences between the three groups in age, menopausal age, body mass index, and education (P<0.05). According to the binary logistic regression model, higher SOD activity and serum TAC levels were associated with a lower risk of osteoporosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.991; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.986 to 0.996; and aOR, 0.373; 95% CI, 0.141 to 0.986, respectively). MDA was a significant risk factor for osteopenia in postmenopausal women (aOR, 1.702; 95% CI, 1.125 to 2.576).
Conclusion Higher SOD activity and serum TAC levels in the studied postmenopausal women were associated with a significantly lower risk of osteoporosis. Moreover, the risk of osteopenia increased significantly with higher serum MDA levels.
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Background : There have been bone mass studies for the treatment of osteoporosis, nonetheless, little attention has been paid to the management of osteopenia. This study was to evaluate the effects of estrogen, alendronate and their combination on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in the postmenopausal women with osteopenia.
Methods : A total of 150 healthy regional patients with osteopenia from Busan were enrolled in prospective randomized clinical trial and randomly assigned to receive conjugated equine estrogen (group I), alendronate (group II), or combination of the two (group III). Assessments included BMD of L2-4 spines and femur neck by DEXA and markers of bone turnover including serum osteocalcin, total alkaline phosphatase and urine Deoxypyridnoline (Dpd). BMD and markers of bone turnover were re-evaluated at 6 and 12 months after the treatment.
Results : BMD of the lumbar spines increased significantly at 12 months after treatment in the three groups (P＜0.05). BMD of the femur neck increased at 12 months after treatment in the three groups, but significantly in group III (P＜0.05). Serum osteocalcin decreased at 12 months after treatment in the three groups, but only significantly in group III. Urine Dpd decreased at 12 months after treatment in three groups, but significantly in group, II and III (P＜0.05). Serum total alkaline phosphatase decreased at 12 months after treatment in only group III (P＜0.05). There was more favorable benefit for group III in BMD of the lumbar spines and serum osteocalcin and urine Dpd at 12 months after treatment compared to group, II and III (P＜0.05).
Conclusion : These results indicated a favorable benefit of conjugated equine estrogen, alendronate, or combination of the two in BMD and important markers of bone turnover. The combined treatment with conjugated equine estrogen and alendronate was more effective in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. Long-term studies are required to confirm these results.
Background : Osteoporosis is an important health concern among the postmenopausal women. Therefore, it is necessary to find out acceptable screening tools for osteoporotic patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Risk Index by OSTA as a screening test for osteoporosis.
Methods : The study population was 322 naturally caused menopausal women in Korea. Their was of femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD measured by DEXA. Risk Index by OSTA, based on weight and age, was calculated and the sensitivity and specificity for osteoporosis and osteopenia were evaluated. To find out the proper cut-off point for osteoporosis and osteopenia among the postmenopausal women in Korea, we also compared the sensitivity and specificity of each Risk Index value.
Results : The mean age and ages at menopause were 59.1(±6.2) and 50.7 (±2.7) years, respectively. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 9.6% with femoral neck BMD. For oeteoporosis, using a cut-off point of -1 yielded a sensitivity of 74.3% and a specificity of 52.2% with femoral neck BMD. Using a cut-off of -2 yielded a sensitivity of 87.3% and a specificity of 70.9%. The ROC curve showed an AUROC 0.88 for Risk Index in identifying osteoporosis.
Conclusion : The Risk Index is an acceptable, simple and useful method in the diagnosis of osteoporosis with a Risk Index of -2 in Korean postmenopausal women.
Background : As the mean life span is prolonged, the concern about health care in postmenopausal women is now promoted. Especially, osteoporosis is the serious health problem in postmenopausal women. Bone mineral density in postmenopause is controlled by that in premenopause. Therefore, we searched for the factors which contribute to bone mineral density in premenopause.
Methods : The study subjects who visited the Health Screening and Diagnosis Center in Yeungnam University Hospital from March 1998 to July 1999 was measured BMD at the lumbar spine using dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry. Subjects were checked past medical history, life style (smoking, drinking, physical activity, exercise etc.), birth history, breast feeding, oral pill intake. The subjects who had disorders known to interfere with bone metabolism and premature menopausal and surgical menopausal women were excluded from the study. And we reviewed the results of the laboratory and radiologic findings which had done in Health Screening and Diagnosis Center.
Results : 352 women were included in this study. The number of normal BMD was 228 and the number of osteopenia was 124. Weight, height, BMI, exercise was significant positively correlated with bone mineral density(P<0.05). Previous operation history was significant negatively correlation with bone mineral density (P<0.05). Multiple logistic regression result showed that weight was the most significant factor affecting to BMD and the history of operation and exercise were significant factors affecting BMD(P<0.05).
Conclusion : In postmenopaual women, who has low weight, past operation history and lack of exercise, evaluation of BMD and education for prevention of osteoporosis are needed.
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