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"withdrawal"

Original Articles
A Longitudinal Study on the Effects of Negative Rearing Experiences on Adolescents' Social Withdrawal and Aggression
Kyung-Suk Lee, Ok-Joo Choi, Joon-Ho Kim
Korean J Fam Med 2017;38(5):276-283.   Published online September 22, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4082/kjfm.2017.38.5.276
Background

Children who have experienced negative rearing behaviors show a lack of self-confidence due to emotional instability and are reserved in interpersonal relationships. This can lead to failure in social adaptation and a high risk of depression, suicide, criminal acts, and anti-social behaviors. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effects of experiencing negative parental rearing behaviors, such as neglect and abuse, on adolescents' social withdrawal and aggression, by utilizing multivariate latent growth models.

Methods

Data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Study (KCYPS), a survey conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute targeting a cohort of three different age groups (grade 1, grade 4, and grade 7), from 2010 to 2016 was used. Multi-stage stratified sampling methods were used in the KCYPS, which surveyed the students and parents of the selected grade levels. This study analyzed the data for grade 7, from second year (grade 8) to fourth year (grade 10).

Results

Negative rearing experiences had a significant effect on social withdrawal and aggression, and this influence was shown to persist over the long term.

Conclusion

This study examined the long-term developmental trajectory in the relationship between risk factors for adolescent development. Furthermore, the relationship between risk factors was shown to have not only short term but long-term effects as well, which reinforces the limitations of previous studies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among students aged 12 to 24 after the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions in China: prevalence and associated factors
    Qing-Qing Xiao, Xue-Hua Huang, Jing Yang, Yun-Fei Mu, Cong Wang, Zhong-Yue Deng, Jia Cai, Ai-Ping Deng, Wan-Jie Tang, Xia-Can Chen, Wei Shi, Yi Jiang, Jia-Jun Xu, Li Yin, Yi Huang, Wei Zhang, Mao-Sheng Ran
    Frontiers in Psychiatry.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Aggression as a Mediator Between Ineffective Parenting Practices and Adolescent Deviant Behaviors
    Wonki Lee, Abigail A. Fagan
    Deviant Behavior.2024; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the Deferred Efficiency of the Formative Psychological Impact in the Educational Environment
    Irina A. Baeva, Liudmila I. Shakhova
    Integration of Education.2020; 24(3): 396.     CrossRef
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Caffeine Consumption and Its Related Symptoms in University Students.
Byung Hun Lee, Yong Soon Park, Jun Su Kim, Jun Hyun Yoo, Jung Kwon Lee
J Korean Acad Fam Med 2007;28(1):9-16.   Published online January 10, 2007
Background
: Although caffeine is commonly consumed substance and not seriously harmful as compared to alcohol and nicotine, Korea is planning to mark on the products which contain caffeine above a definite level with "containing large amounts caffeine". At this point in time, the study concerning caffeine related symptoms is in need.

Methods : After surveying university students by using self-administered questionnaires based on DSM-IV substance related disorder, healthy 810 subjects were assessed for socio-demographic characteristics and features of caffeine intake and its dependence, withdrawal, and intoxication.

Results : The mean amount of caffeine consumption in 810 subjects was 120.49 mg (median=93.0) per day. The major features of caffeine dependence were as follows: tolerance (61.1%), withdrawal (46.3%), using more or longer than intended (46.0%), and unsuccessful attempt to cut down or control use (12.6%). The prevalence was increased by daily caffeine consumption. Among 711 subjects who had experienced no caffeine consumption over 24 hours {amount of daily caffeine consumption was 116.0 mg (median=86.5)}, 6.19% showed significant distress in usual activity, and 22.1% used caffeine contents to avoid withdrawal symptoms. The prevalence of caffeine withdrawal based on DSM-IV research criteria was 2.67% and the frequency for symptoms were as follows: fatigue (37.7%), drowsiness (17.6%), headache (14.5%), an anxiety (8.3%). In addition, the prevalence of caffeine intoxication was 2.1% and the frequency for symptoms were as follows: insomnia (41.9%), diuresis (35.8%), tachycardia (26.7%), and gastrointestinal disturbance (23.3%).

Conclusion : The unwanted symptoms related to caffeine withdrawal or intoxication were common in students using caffeine. Therefore, major features of caffeine-related symptoms should be considered in primary care practice.
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