1. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004;27:1047-1053. PMID:
15111519.
2. Pan WH, Cedres LB, Liu K, Dyer A, Schoenberger JA, Shekelle RB, et al. Relationship of clinical diabetes and asymptomatic hyperglycemia to risk of coronary heart disease mortality in men and women. Am J Epidemiol 1986;123:504-516. PMID:
3946397.
3. Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, Wentworth D. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care 1993;16:434-444. PMID:
8432214.
4. Touboul PJ, Elbaz A, Koller C, Lucas C, Adrai V, Chedru F, et al. The GENIC Investigators. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness and brain infarction: the Etude du Profil Genetique de l'Infarctus Cerebral (GENIC) case-control study. Circulation 2000;102:313-318. PMID:
10899095.
5. O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, Manolio TA, Burke GL, Wolfson SK Jr. Carotid artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. N Engl J Med 1999;340:14-22. PMID:
9878640.
6. Grobbee DE, Bots ML. Carotid artery intima-media thickness as an indicator of generalized atherosclerosis. J Intern Med 1994;236:567-573. PMID:
7964435.
7. Androulakis AE, Andrikopoulos GK, Richter DJ, Tentolouris CA, Avgeropoulou CC, Adamopoulos DA, et al. The role of carotid atherosclerosis in the distinction between ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2000;21:919-926. PMID:
10806016.
8. Golledge J, Greenhalgh RM, Davies AH. The symptomatic carotid plaque. Stroke 2000;31:774-781. PMID:
10700518.
9. Resnick HE, Lindsay RS, McDermott MM, Devereux RB, Jones KL, Fabsitz RR, et al. Relationship of high and low ankle brachial index to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality: the Strong Heart Study. Circulation 2004;109:733-739. PMID:
14970108.
10. Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, Belanger AM, Silbershatz H, Kannel WB. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation 1998;97:1837-1847. PMID:
9603539.
11. Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: the Framingham study. Circulation 1979;59:8-13. PMID:
758126.
12. Thomsen TF, McGee D, Davidsen M, Jorgensen T. A cross-validation of risk-scores for coronary heart disease mortality based on data from the Glostrup Population Studies and Framingham Heart Study. Int J Epidemiol 2002;31:817-822. PMID:
12177028.
13. Menotti A, Puddu PE, Lanti M. Comparison of the Framingham risk function-based coronary chart with risk function from an Italian population study. Eur Heart J 2000;21:365-370. PMID:
10666350.
14. Hense HW, Schulte H, Lowel H, Assmann G, Keil U. Framingham risk function overestimates risk of coronary heart disease in men and women from Germany: results from the MONICA Augsburg and the PROCAM cohorts. Eur Heart J 2003;24:937-945. PMID:
12714025.
15. Conroy RM, Pyorala K, Fitzgerald AP, Sans S, Menotti A, De Backer G, et al. Estimation of ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease in Europe: the SCORE project. Eur Heart J 2003;24:987-1003. PMID:
12788299.
16. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972;18:499-502. PMID:
4337382.
18. Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease): endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation. Circulation 2006;113:e463-e654. PMID:
16549646.
19. Touboul PJ, Hernandez-Hernandez R, Kucukoglu S, Woo KS, Vicaut E, Labreuche J, et al. Carotid artery intima media thickness, plaque and Framingham cardiovascular score in Asia, Africa/Middle East and Latin America: the PARC-AALA study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2007;23:557-567. PMID:
17186134.
20. Touboul PJ, Vicaut E, Labreuche J, Belliard JP, Cohen S, Kownator S, et al. Correlation between the Framingham risk score and intima media thickness: the Paroi Arterielle et Risque Cardio-vasculaire (PARC) study. Atherosclerosis 2007;192:363-369. PMID:
16769075.
21. Kieltyka L, Urbina EM, Tang R, Bond MG, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Framingham risk score is related to carotid artery intima-media thickness in both white and black young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Atherosclerosis 2003;170:125-130. PMID:
12957690.
22. Koo BK, Han KA, Kim HJ, Kim EJ, Kim HJ, Pak KS, et al. UKPDS coronary heart disease risk score might be more explana tory for carotid atherosclerosis in newly diagnosed Korean patients with type 2 diabetes without the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008;79(Suppl 1):S88-S89.
23. Halon DA, Dobrecky-Mery I, Gaspar T, Azencot M, Peled N, Yaniv N, et al. Framingham and UKPDS risk scores predict extent and severity of coronary disease as deter mined by 64 slice coronary CT angiography in asymp tomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circulation 2007;116(16 Suppl):II-861.
24. Faletra FF, Klersy C, D'Angeli I, Penco M, Procaccini V, Pasotti E, et al. Relation between coronary atherosclerotic plaques and traditional risk factors in people with no history of cardiovascular disease undergoing multi-detector computed coronary angiography. Heart 2009;95:1265-1272. PMID:
19406736.
25. Jovelic A, Radjen G, Hadukovic Z. Relationships between C-reactive protein, carotid intima-media thickness and systematic coronary risk evaluation risk assessment system in military pilots in Serbia and Montenegro. Atheroscler Suppl 2004;5:125PMID:
15531285.
26. Guzder RN, Gatling W, Mullee MA, Mehta RL, Byrne CD. Prognostic value of the Framingham cardiovascular risk equation and the UKPDS risk engine for coronary heart disease in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: results from a United Kingdom study. Diabet Med 2005;22:554-562. PMID:
15842509.
27. Coleman RL, Stevens RJ, Retnakaran R, Holman RR. Framingham, SCORE, and DECODE risk equations do not provide reliable cardiovascular risk estimates in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30:1292-1293. PMID:
17290036.
28. Simmons RK, Coleman RL, Price HC, Holman RR, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ, et al. Performance of the UK prospective diabetes study risk engine and the Framingham risk equations in estimating cardiovascular disease in the EPIC- Norfolk Cohort. Diabetes Care 2009;32:708-713. PMID:
19114615.
29. Rakhit DJ, Downey M, Jeffries L, Moir S, Prins JB, Marwick TH. Screening for coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes: a Bayesian strategy of clinical risk evaluation and exercise echocardiography. Am Heart J 2005;150:1074-1080. PMID:
16291001.
30. Koh G, Lim DM, Park KY. Relation of C-reactive protein to Framingham risk score and UKPDS risk engine in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008;79(Suppl 1):S98.
31. Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Rifai N. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med 2000;342:836-843. PMID:
10733371.
32. Chapman CM, Beilby JP, McQuillan BM, Thompson PL, Hung J. Monocyte count, but not C-reactive protein or interleukin-6, is an independent risk marker for subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Stroke 2004;35:1619-1624. PMID:
15155967.
33. Song SH, Brown PM. Coronary heart disease risk assessment in diabetes mellitus: comparison of UKPDS risk engine with Framingham risk assessment function and its clinical implications. Diabet Med 2004;21:238-245. PMID:
15008833.