1Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
2Department of Family Medicine, CHA Gumi Medical Center, CHA University, Gumi, Korea
3Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Copyright © 2021, The Korean Academy of Family Medicine
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Characteristic |
All survivors (N=1,852) |
Male survivors (N=576) |
Female survivors (N=1,276) |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-user | User | P-value | Non-user | User | P-value | Non-user | User | P-value | ||
No. of subjects | 1,562 (84.3) | 290 (15.7) | 509 (88.4) | 67 (11.6) | 1,053 (82.5) | 223 (17.5) | ||||
Age at survey (y) | 0.004* | 0.739* | 0.005* | |||||||
<45 | 144 (81.4) | 33 (18.6) | 32 (94.1) | 2 (5.9) | 112 (78.3) | 31 (21.7) | ||||
45–54 | 379 (82.2) | 82 (17.8) | 85 (85.9) | 14 (14.1) | 294 (81.2) | 68 (18.8) | ||||
55–64 | 651 (83.7) | 127 (16.3) | 224 (88.9) | 28 (11.1) | 427 (81.2) | 99 (18.8) | ||||
≥65 | 388 (89.0) | 48 (11.0) | 168 (88.0) | 23 (12.0) | 220 (89.8) | 25 (10.2) | ||||
Monthly income (103 won) | 0.019† | 0.058† | 0.078† | |||||||
<2,000 | 259 (85.2) | 45 (14.8) | 74 (91.4) | 7 (8.6) | 185 (83.0) | 38 (17.0) | ||||
2,000–3,990 | 337 (82.6) | 71 (17.4) | 113 (88.3) | 15 (11.7) | 224 (80.0) | 56 (20.0) | ||||
≥4,000 | 520 (79.1) | 137 (20.9) | 171 (83.4) | 34 (16.6) | 349 (77.2) | 103 (22.8) | ||||
Non-responder | 446 (92.3) | 37 (7.7) | 151 (93.2) | 11 (6.8) | 295 (91.9) | 26 (8.1) | ||||
Education status | 0.572† | 0.667† | 0.395† | |||||||
≤Middle school graduate | 171 (83.4) | 34 (16.6) | 55 (80.9) | 13 (19.1) | 116 (84.7) | 21 (15.3) | ||||
High school graduate | 498 (82.2) | 108 (17.8) | 149 (89.8) | 17 (10.2) | 349 (79.3) | 91 (20.7) | ||||
≥Graduate degree | 569 (81.6) | 128 (18.4) | 174 (85.7) | 29 (14.3) | 395 (80.0) | 99 (20.0) | ||||
Non-responder | 324 (94.2) | 20 (5.8) | 131 (94.2) | 8 (5.8) | 193 (94.2) | 12 (5.8) | ||||
Marital status | 0.177 | 0.390 | 0.280 | |||||||
Not-married | 210 (84.3) | 39 (15.7) | 35 (92.1) | 3 (7.9) | 175 (82.9) | 36 (17.1) | ||||
Married | 1,276 (83.9) | 244 (16.1) | 452 (87.8) | 63 (12.2) | 824 (82.0) | 181 (18.0) | ||||
Non-responder | 76 (91.6) | 7 (8.4) | 22 (95.7) | 1 (4.3) | 54 (90.0) | 6 (10.0) | ||||
Smoking | 0.366† | 0.005† | 0.989† | |||||||
Never smoker | 1,150 (83.9) | 221 (16.1) | 144 (94.7) | 8 (5.3) | 1,006 (82.5) | 213 (17.5) | ||||
Ever smoker | 394 (85.7) | 66 (14.3) | 347 (86.1) | 56 (13.9) | 47 (82.5) | 10 (17.5) | ||||
Non-responder | 18 (85.7) | 3 (14.3) | 18 (85.7) | 3 (14.3) | - | - | ||||
Alcohol consumption (g/wk) | 0.605* | 0.664* | 0.145* | |||||||
Non drinker | 1,214 (84.3) | 226 (15.7) | 295 (87.8) | 41 (12.2) | 919 (83.2) | 185 (16.8) | ||||
Low (<7) | 252 (83.2) | 51 (16.8) | 133 (89.3) | 16 (10.7) | 119 (77.3) | 35 (22.7) | ||||
Moderate to high (≥7) | 96 (88.1) | 13 (11.9) | 81 (89.0) | 10 (11.0) | 15 (83.3) | 3 (16.7) | ||||
Exercise (≥30 min, ≥2/wk) | 0.579 | 0.952 | 0.511 | |||||||
N | 538 (85.0) | 95 (15.0) | 169 (88.5) | 22 (11.5) | 369 (83.5) | 73 (16.5) | ||||
Y | 1,024 (84.0) | 195 (16.0) | 340 (88.3) | 45 (11.7) | 684 (82.0) | 150 (18.0) | ||||
Comorbidity | 0.953* | 0.371* | 0.521* | |||||||
0 | 815 (84.0) | 155 (16.0) | 272 (88.6) | 35 (11.4) | 543 (81.9) | 120 (18.1) | ||||
1 | 446 (84.0) | 85 (16.0) | 148 (88.6) | 19 (11.4) | 298 (81.9) | 66 (18.1) | ||||
2 | 218 (89.3) | 26 (10.7) | 71 (92.2) | 6 (7.8) | 147 (88.0) | 20 (12.0) | ||||
≥3 | 83 (77.6) | 24 (22.4) | 18 (72.0) | 7 (28.0) | 65 (79.3) | 17 (20.7) | ||||
Family history of cancer | 0.020 | 0.656 | 0.021 | |||||||
N | 816 (86.3) | 130 (13.7) | 273 (88.9) | 34 (11.1) | 543 (85.0) | 96 (15.0) | ||||
Y | 746 (82.3) | 160 (17.7) | 236 (87.7) | 33 (12.3) | 510 (80.1) | 127 (19.9) |
Variable |
All survivors (N=1,852) |
Male survivors (N=576) |
Female survivors (N=1,276) |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-user | User | P-value | Non-user | User | P-value | Non-user | User | P-value | ||
No. of subjects | 1,562 (84.3) | 290 (15.7) | 509 (88.4) | 67 (11.6) | 1,053 (82.5) | 223 (17.5) | ||||
Cancer site | 0.059 | 0.651 | 0.001* | |||||||
Stomach | 567 (83.1) | 115 (16.9) | 335 (86.8) | 51 (13.2) | 232 (78.4) | 64 (21.6) | ||||
Breast | 658 (86.4) | 104 (13.6) | 3 (100.0) | 0 | 655 (86.3) | 104 (13.7) | ||||
Lung | 98 (82.4) | 21 (17.6) | 52 (86.7) | 8 (13.3) | 46 (78.0) | 13 (22.0) | ||||
Colorectal | 58 (87.9) | 8 (12.1) | 30 (90.9) | 3 (9.1) | 28 (84.9) | 5 (15.1) | ||||
Thyroid | 58 (74.4) | 20 (25.6) | 11 (100.0) | 0 | 47 (70.2) | 20 (29.8) | ||||
Other† | 123 (84.8) | 22 (15.2) | 78 (94.0) | 5 (6.0) | 45 (72.6) | 17 (27.4) | ||||
Cancer stage | 0.013* | 0.089* | 0.062* | |||||||
Stage 0‡, 1 | 965 (85.6) | 162 (14.4) | 333 (90.0) | 37 (10.0) | 632 (83.5) | 125 (16.5) | ||||
Stage 2 | 376 (84.3) | 70 (15.7) | 90 (86.5) | 14 (13.5) | 286 (83.6) | 56 (16.4) | ||||
Stage 3, 4 | 221 (79.2) | 58 (20.8) | 86 (84.3) | 16 (15.7) | 135 (76.3) | 42 (23.7) | ||||
Time since cancer diagnosis (y) | 0.265* | 0.012* | 0.012* | |||||||
≤1 | 103 (87.3) | 15 (12.7) | 28 (100.0) | 0 | 75 (83.3) | 15 (16.7) | ||||
2–3 | 158 (78.2) | 44 (21.8) | 48 (94.1) | 3 (5.9) | 110 (72.9) | 41 (27.2) | ||||
4–5 | 192 (83.1) | 39 (16.9) | 87 (87.0) | 13 (13.0) | 105 (80.2) | 26 (19.8) | ||||
6–10 | 788 (85.4) | 135 (14.6) | 293 (88.3) | 39 (11.7) | 495 (83.8) | 96 (16.2) | ||||
>10 | 321 (84.9) | 57 (15.1) | 53 (81.5) | 12 (18.5) | 268 (85.6) | 45 (14.4) | ||||
Cancer treatment modality | ||||||||||
Operation | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.635 | |||||||
N | 19 (86.4) | 3 (13.6) | 13 (92.9) | 1 (7.1) | 6 (75.0) | 2 (25.0) | ||||
Y | 1,543 (84.3) | 287 (15.7) | 496 (88.3) | 66 (11.7) | 1,047 (82.6) | 221 (17.4) | ||||
Chemotherapy | 0.150 | 0.047 | 0.979 | |||||||
N | 906 (85.4) | 155 (14.6) | 364 (90.1) | 40 (9.9) | 542 (82.5) | 115 (17.5) | ||||
Y | 656 (82.9) | 135 (17.1) | 145 (84.3) | 27 (15.7) | 511 (82.6) | 108 (17.4) | ||||
Radiotherapy | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.230 | |||||||
N | 1,028 (86.2) | 164 (13.8) | 434 (90.0) | 48 (10.0) | 594 (83.7) | 116 (16.3) | ||||
Y | 534 (80.9) | 126 (19.1) | 75 (79.8) | 19 (20.2) | 459 (81.1) | 107 (18.9) | ||||
Hormone therapy | 0.280 | 0.467 | 0.015 | |||||||
N | 1,126 (83.8) | 218 (16.2) | 505 (88.3) | 67 (11.7) | 621 (80.4) | 151 (19.6) | ||||
Y | 436 (85.8) | 72 (14.2) | 4 (100.0) | 0 | 432 (85.7) | 72 (14.3) | ||||
Cancer treatment count | 0.103 | 0.066 | 0.670 | |||||||
≤1 | 673 (85.9) | 110 (14.1) | 353 (90.1) | 39 (9.9) | 320 (81.8) | 71 (18.2) | ||||
≥2 | 889 (83.2) | 180 (16.8) | 156 (84.8) | 28 (15.2) | 733 (82.8) | 152 (17.2) |
Variable | All survivors | Male cancer survivors | Female cancer survivors | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
Male | 1 | |||
Female | 3.14 (1.89–5.22) | |||
Age at survey (y) | ||||
<45 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
45–54 | 1.13 (0.70–1.81) | 2.92 (0.57–14.82) | 1.02 (0.61–1.69) | |
55–64 | 1.22 (0.76–1.95) | 2.34 (0.48–11.38) | 1.15 (0.69–1.93) | |
≥65 | 1.01 (0.58–1.75) | 3.72 (0.73–18.88) | 0.68 (0.35–1.31) | |
Education status | ||||
≤Middle school graduate | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
High school graduate | 1.05 (0.68–1.64) | 0.54 (0.23–1.24) | 1.39 (0.81–2.39) | |
≥Graduate degree | 1.22 (0.77–1.89) | 0.88 (0.40–1.93) | 1.44 (0.82–2.52) | |
Marital status | ||||
Not-married | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Married | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) | 0.91 (0.71–1.16) | 1.00 (0.90–1.12) | |
Smoking | ||||
Never smoker | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Ever smoker | 1.50 (0.93–2.42) | 2.61 (1.15–5.93) | 0.91 (0.43–1.94) | |
Alcohol consumption (g/wk) | ||||
Non drinker | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Low (<7) | 1.11 (0.77–1.58) | 0.74 (0.38–1.45) | 1.28 (0.83–1.98) | |
Moderate to high (≥7) | 0.89 (0.46–1.72) | 0.76 (0.33–1.73) | 0.78 (0.21–2.94) | |
Exercise (≥30 min, ≥2/wk) | ||||
N | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Y | 1.22 (0.92–1.63) | 1.15 (0.63–2.13) | 1.27 (0.91–1.76) | |
Comorbidity | ||||
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
1 | 1.03 (0.76–1.39) | 0.94 (0.49–1.78) | 1.04 (0.73–1.48) | |
≥2 | 1.00 (0.69–1.45) | 1.29 (0.61–2.72) | 0.99 (0.64–1.54) | |
Family history of cancer | ||||
N | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Y | 1.34 (1.03–1.74) | 1.14 (0.65–2.00) | 1.39 (1.03–1.89) | |
Cancer site | ||||
Stomach | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Breast | 0.29 (0.18–0.47) | - | 0.32 (0.19–0.53) | |
Lung | 0.91 (0.53–1.54) | 0.73 (0.31–1.71) | 0.98 (0.49–2.00) | |
Colorectal | 0.46 (0.21–1.04) | 0.40 (0.11–1.47) | 0.43 (0.15–1.27) | |
Thyroid | 1.03 (0.56–1.90) | <0.01 (<0.01–>999.99) | 1.29 (0.67–2.49) | |
Other* | 0.62 (0.36–1.07) | 0.25 (0.08–0.75) | 0.92 (0.46–1.82) | |
Cancer stage | ||||
Stage 0†, 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Stage 2 | 1.08 (0.74–1.57) | 1.75 (0.66–4.60) | 1.02 (0.67–1.55) | |
Stage 3, 4 | 1.32 (0.87–2.02) | 1.81 (0.64–5.13) | 1.28 (0.79–2.08) | |
Time since cancer diagnosis (y) | ||||
≤1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
2–3 | 1.26 (0.26–6.06) | <0.01 (<0.01–>999.99) | 1.60 (0.31–8.24) | |
4–5 | 3.65 (0.60–22.18) | 8.23 (0.51–133.01) | 2.23 (0.20–25.28) | |
6–10 | 0.76 (0.09–6.65) | 1.06 (0.10–11.79) | <0.01 (<0.01–>999.99) | |
>10 | 0.74 (0.25–2.19) | 0.66 (0.08–5.41) | 0.83 (0.23–3.01) | |
Cancer treatment modality | ||||
Surgery | ||||
N | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Y | 1.18 (0.32–4.40) | 2.33 (0.19–28.88) | 0.49 (0.08–3.01) | |
Chemotherapy | ||||
N | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Y | 0.94 (0.60–1.47) | 2.06 (0.31–13.66) | 0.93 (0.58–1.49) | |
Radiotherapy | ||||
N | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Y | 1.67 (1.15–2.43) | 3.56 (1.37–9.25) | 1.40 (0.92–2.11) | |
Hormone therapy | ||||
N | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Y | 0.93 (0.60–1.44) | <0.01 (<0.01–>999.99) | 0.92 (0.59–1.44) | |
Cancer treatment count | ||||
≤1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
≥2 | 1.35 (0.77–2.35) | 0.29 (0.03–2.44) | 1.63 (0.87–3.06) |
Values are presented as OR (95% CI). ORs (95% CI) were estimated by multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age group, sex (if applicable), education, marital status, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, comorbidity, family cancer history, cancer type, cancer stage, time since cancer diagnosis, and cancer treatment.
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; FCR, fear of cancer recurrence.
Dietary supplement use |
All subjects |
By sex |
By cancer site |
By time since cancer diagnosis |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | Male | Female | Stomach | Breast | Other | ≤5 y | >5 y | |||
Total | 1,562 (84.3) | 290 (15.7) | |||||||||
Anxiety | |||||||||||
No | 1,297 (85.4) | 221 (14.6) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Yes† | 265 (79.3) | 69 (20.7) | 1.38 (1.01–1.91) | 1.79 (0.88–3.64) | 1.33 (0.92–1.93) | 1.68 (0.98–2.88) | 1.36 (0.81–2.30) | 1.23 (0.61–2.50) | 1.59 (0.93–2.73) | 1.21 (0.80–1.83) | |
Depression | |||||||||||
No | 875 (86.3) | 139 (13.7) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Yes† | 687 (82.0) | 151 (18.0) | 1.19 (0.91–1.56) | 1.16 (0.65–2.05) | 1.25 (0.92–1.72) | 1.45 (0.92–2.28) | 1.02 (0.66–1.59) | 1.17 (0.64–2.12) | 0.98 (0.60–1.61) | 1.26 (0.90–1.76) | |
FCR severity | |||||||||||
Nonclinical | 931 (84.6) | 169 (15.4) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Clinical‡ | 631 (83.9) | 121 (16.1) | 0.83 (0.63–1.09) | 0.88 (0.48–1.63) | 0.80 (0.59–1.10) | 1.32 (0.84–2.08) | 0.69 (0.44–1.07) | 0.84 (0.47–1.50) | 0.94 (0.58–1.54) | 0.75 (0.53–1.06) |
Values are presented as number (%) or OR (95% CI).
FCR, fear of cancer recurrence; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
*ORs (95% CI) were estimated by multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age group, sex (if applicable), education, marital status, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, comorbidity, family cancer history, cancer site (if applicable), cancer stage, time since cancer diagnosis (if applicable), and cancer treatment.
Characteristic | All survivors (N=1,852) |
Male survivors (N=576) |
Female survivors (N=1,276) |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-user | User | P-value | Non-user | User | P-value | Non-user | User | P-value | ||
No. of subjects | 1,562 (84.3) | 290 (15.7) | 509 (88.4) | 67 (11.6) | 1,053 (82.5) | 223 (17.5) | ||||
Age at survey (y) | 0.004 |
0.739 |
0.005 |
|||||||
<45 | 144 (81.4) | 33 (18.6) | 32 (94.1) | 2 (5.9) | 112 (78.3) | 31 (21.7) | ||||
45–54 | 379 (82.2) | 82 (17.8) | 85 (85.9) | 14 (14.1) | 294 (81.2) | 68 (18.8) | ||||
55–64 | 651 (83.7) | 127 (16.3) | 224 (88.9) | 28 (11.1) | 427 (81.2) | 99 (18.8) | ||||
≥65 | 388 (89.0) | 48 (11.0) | 168 (88.0) | 23 (12.0) | 220 (89.8) | 25 (10.2) | ||||
Monthly income (103 won) | 0.019 |
0.058 |
0.078 |
|||||||
<2,000 | 259 (85.2) | 45 (14.8) | 74 (91.4) | 7 (8.6) | 185 (83.0) | 38 (17.0) | ||||
2,000–3,990 | 337 (82.6) | 71 (17.4) | 113 (88.3) | 15 (11.7) | 224 (80.0) | 56 (20.0) | ||||
≥4,000 | 520 (79.1) | 137 (20.9) | 171 (83.4) | 34 (16.6) | 349 (77.2) | 103 (22.8) | ||||
Non-responder | 446 (92.3) | 37 (7.7) | 151 (93.2) | 11 (6.8) | 295 (91.9) | 26 (8.1) | ||||
Education status | 0.572 |
0.667 |
0.395 |
|||||||
≤Middle school graduate | 171 (83.4) | 34 (16.6) | 55 (80.9) | 13 (19.1) | 116 (84.7) | 21 (15.3) | ||||
High school graduate | 498 (82.2) | 108 (17.8) | 149 (89.8) | 17 (10.2) | 349 (79.3) | 91 (20.7) | ||||
≥Graduate degree | 569 (81.6) | 128 (18.4) | 174 (85.7) | 29 (14.3) | 395 (80.0) | 99 (20.0) | ||||
Non-responder | 324 (94.2) | 20 (5.8) | 131 (94.2) | 8 (5.8) | 193 (94.2) | 12 (5.8) | ||||
Marital status | 0.177 | 0.390 | 0.280 | |||||||
Not-married | 210 (84.3) | 39 (15.7) | 35 (92.1) | 3 (7.9) | 175 (82.9) | 36 (17.1) | ||||
Married | 1,276 (83.9) | 244 (16.1) | 452 (87.8) | 63 (12.2) | 824 (82.0) | 181 (18.0) | ||||
Non-responder | 76 (91.6) | 7 (8.4) | 22 (95.7) | 1 (4.3) | 54 (90.0) | 6 (10.0) | ||||
Smoking | 0.366 |
0.005 |
0.989 |
|||||||
Never smoker | 1,150 (83.9) | 221 (16.1) | 144 (94.7) | 8 (5.3) | 1,006 (82.5) | 213 (17.5) | ||||
Ever smoker | 394 (85.7) | 66 (14.3) | 347 (86.1) | 56 (13.9) | 47 (82.5) | 10 (17.5) | ||||
Non-responder | 18 (85.7) | 3 (14.3) | 18 (85.7) | 3 (14.3) | - | - | ||||
Alcohol consumption (g/wk) | 0.605 |
0.664 |
0.145 |
|||||||
Non drinker | 1,214 (84.3) | 226 (15.7) | 295 (87.8) | 41 (12.2) | 919 (83.2) | 185 (16.8) | ||||
Low (<7) | 252 (83.2) | 51 (16.8) | 133 (89.3) | 16 (10.7) | 119 (77.3) | 35 (22.7) | ||||
Moderate to high (≥7) | 96 (88.1) | 13 (11.9) | 81 (89.0) | 10 (11.0) | 15 (83.3) | 3 (16.7) | ||||
Exercise (≥30 min, ≥2/wk) | 0.579 | 0.952 | 0.511 | |||||||
N | 538 (85.0) | 95 (15.0) | 169 (88.5) | 22 (11.5) | 369 (83.5) | 73 (16.5) | ||||
Y | 1,024 (84.0) | 195 (16.0) | 340 (88.3) | 45 (11.7) | 684 (82.0) | 150 (18.0) | ||||
Comorbidity | 0.953 |
0.371 |
0.521 |
|||||||
0 | 815 (84.0) | 155 (16.0) | 272 (88.6) | 35 (11.4) | 543 (81.9) | 120 (18.1) | ||||
1 | 446 (84.0) | 85 (16.0) | 148 (88.6) | 19 (11.4) | 298 (81.9) | 66 (18.1) | ||||
2 | 218 (89.3) | 26 (10.7) | 71 (92.2) | 6 (7.8) | 147 (88.0) | 20 (12.0) | ||||
≥3 | 83 (77.6) | 24 (22.4) | 18 (72.0) | 7 (28.0) | 65 (79.3) | 17 (20.7) | ||||
Family history of cancer | 0.020 | 0.656 | 0.021 | |||||||
N | 816 (86.3) | 130 (13.7) | 273 (88.9) | 34 (11.1) | 543 (85.0) | 96 (15.0) | ||||
Y | 746 (82.3) | 160 (17.7) | 236 (87.7) | 33 (12.3) | 510 (80.1) | 127 (19.9) |
Variable | All survivors (N=1,852) |
Male survivors (N=576) |
Female survivors (N=1,276) |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-user | User | P-value | Non-user | User | P-value | Non-user | User | P-value | ||
No. of subjects | 1,562 (84.3) | 290 (15.7) | 509 (88.4) | 67 (11.6) | 1,053 (82.5) | 223 (17.5) | ||||
Cancer site | 0.059 | 0.651 | 0.001 |
|||||||
Stomach | 567 (83.1) | 115 (16.9) | 335 (86.8) | 51 (13.2) | 232 (78.4) | 64 (21.6) | ||||
Breast | 658 (86.4) | 104 (13.6) | 3 (100.0) | 0 | 655 (86.3) | 104 (13.7) | ||||
Lung | 98 (82.4) | 21 (17.6) | 52 (86.7) | 8 (13.3) | 46 (78.0) | 13 (22.0) | ||||
Colorectal | 58 (87.9) | 8 (12.1) | 30 (90.9) | 3 (9.1) | 28 (84.9) | 5 (15.1) | ||||
Thyroid | 58 (74.4) | 20 (25.6) | 11 (100.0) | 0 | 47 (70.2) | 20 (29.8) | ||||
Other |
123 (84.8) | 22 (15.2) | 78 (94.0) | 5 (6.0) | 45 (72.6) | 17 (27.4) | ||||
Cancer stage | 0.013 |
0.089 |
0.062 |
|||||||
Stage 0 |
965 (85.6) | 162 (14.4) | 333 (90.0) | 37 (10.0) | 632 (83.5) | 125 (16.5) | ||||
Stage 2 | 376 (84.3) | 70 (15.7) | 90 (86.5) | 14 (13.5) | 286 (83.6) | 56 (16.4) | ||||
Stage 3, 4 | 221 (79.2) | 58 (20.8) | 86 (84.3) | 16 (15.7) | 135 (76.3) | 42 (23.7) | ||||
Time since cancer diagnosis (y) | 0.265 |
0.012 |
0.012 |
|||||||
≤1 | 103 (87.3) | 15 (12.7) | 28 (100.0) | 0 | 75 (83.3) | 15 (16.7) | ||||
2–3 | 158 (78.2) | 44 (21.8) | 48 (94.1) | 3 (5.9) | 110 (72.9) | 41 (27.2) | ||||
4–5 | 192 (83.1) | 39 (16.9) | 87 (87.0) | 13 (13.0) | 105 (80.2) | 26 (19.8) | ||||
6–10 | 788 (85.4) | 135 (14.6) | 293 (88.3) | 39 (11.7) | 495 (83.8) | 96 (16.2) | ||||
>10 | 321 (84.9) | 57 (15.1) | 53 (81.5) | 12 (18.5) | 268 (85.6) | 45 (14.4) | ||||
Cancer treatment modality | ||||||||||
Operation | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.635 | |||||||
N | 19 (86.4) | 3 (13.6) | 13 (92.9) | 1 (7.1) | 6 (75.0) | 2 (25.0) | ||||
Y | 1,543 (84.3) | 287 (15.7) | 496 (88.3) | 66 (11.7) | 1,047 (82.6) | 221 (17.4) | ||||
Chemotherapy | 0.150 | 0.047 | 0.979 | |||||||
N | 906 (85.4) | 155 (14.6) | 364 (90.1) | 40 (9.9) | 542 (82.5) | 115 (17.5) | ||||
Y | 656 (82.9) | 135 (17.1) | 145 (84.3) | 27 (15.7) | 511 (82.6) | 108 (17.4) | ||||
Radiotherapy | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.230 | |||||||
N | 1,028 (86.2) | 164 (13.8) | 434 (90.0) | 48 (10.0) | 594 (83.7) | 116 (16.3) | ||||
Y | 534 (80.9) | 126 (19.1) | 75 (79.8) | 19 (20.2) | 459 (81.1) | 107 (18.9) | ||||
Hormone therapy | 0.280 | 0.467 | 0.015 | |||||||
N | 1,126 (83.8) | 218 (16.2) | 505 (88.3) | 67 (11.7) | 621 (80.4) | 151 (19.6) | ||||
Y | 436 (85.8) | 72 (14.2) | 4 (100.0) | 0 | 432 (85.7) | 72 (14.3) | ||||
Cancer treatment count | 0.103 | 0.066 | 0.670 | |||||||
≤1 | 673 (85.9) | 110 (14.1) | 353 (90.1) | 39 (9.9) | 320 (81.8) | 71 (18.2) | ||||
≥2 | 889 (83.2) | 180 (16.8) | 156 (84.8) | 28 (15.2) | 733 (82.8) | 152 (17.2) |
Variable | All survivors | Male cancer survivors | Female cancer survivors | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||
Male | 1 | |||
Female | 3.14 (1.89–5.22) | |||
Age at survey (y) | ||||
<45 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
45–54 | 1.13 (0.70–1.81) | 2.92 (0.57–14.82) | 1.02 (0.61–1.69) | |
55–64 | 1.22 (0.76–1.95) | 2.34 (0.48–11.38) | 1.15 (0.69–1.93) | |
≥65 | 1.01 (0.58–1.75) | 3.72 (0.73–18.88) | 0.68 (0.35–1.31) | |
Education status | ||||
≤Middle school graduate | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
High school graduate | 1.05 (0.68–1.64) | 0.54 (0.23–1.24) | 1.39 (0.81–2.39) | |
≥Graduate degree | 1.22 (0.77–1.89) | 0.88 (0.40–1.93) | 1.44 (0.82–2.52) | |
Marital status | ||||
Not-married | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Married | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) | 0.91 (0.71–1.16) | 1.00 (0.90–1.12) | |
Smoking | ||||
Never smoker | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Ever smoker | 1.50 (0.93–2.42) | 2.61 (1.15–5.93) | 0.91 (0.43–1.94) | |
Alcohol consumption (g/wk) | ||||
Non drinker | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Low (<7) | 1.11 (0.77–1.58) | 0.74 (0.38–1.45) | 1.28 (0.83–1.98) | |
Moderate to high (≥7) | 0.89 (0.46–1.72) | 0.76 (0.33–1.73) | 0.78 (0.21–2.94) | |
Exercise (≥30 min, ≥2/wk) | ||||
N | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Y | 1.22 (0.92–1.63) | 1.15 (0.63–2.13) | 1.27 (0.91–1.76) | |
Comorbidity | ||||
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
1 | 1.03 (0.76–1.39) | 0.94 (0.49–1.78) | 1.04 (0.73–1.48) | |
≥2 | 1.00 (0.69–1.45) | 1.29 (0.61–2.72) | 0.99 (0.64–1.54) | |
Family history of cancer | ||||
N | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Y | 1.34 (1.03–1.74) | 1.14 (0.65–2.00) | 1.39 (1.03–1.89) | |
Cancer site | ||||
Stomach | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Breast | 0.29 (0.18–0.47) | - | 0.32 (0.19–0.53) | |
Lung | 0.91 (0.53–1.54) | 0.73 (0.31–1.71) | 0.98 (0.49–2.00) | |
Colorectal | 0.46 (0.21–1.04) | 0.40 (0.11–1.47) | 0.43 (0.15–1.27) | |
Thyroid | 1.03 (0.56–1.90) | <0.01 (<0.01–>999.99) | 1.29 (0.67–2.49) | |
Other |
0.62 (0.36–1.07) | 0.25 (0.08–0.75) | 0.92 (0.46–1.82) | |
Cancer stage | ||||
Stage 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 | |
Stage 2 | 1.08 (0.74–1.57) | 1.75 (0.66–4.60) | 1.02 (0.67–1.55) | |
Stage 3, 4 | 1.32 (0.87–2.02) | 1.81 (0.64–5.13) | 1.28 (0.79–2.08) | |
Time since cancer diagnosis (y) | ||||
≤1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
2–3 | 1.26 (0.26–6.06) | <0.01 (<0.01–>999.99) | 1.60 (0.31–8.24) | |
4–5 | 3.65 (0.60–22.18) | 8.23 (0.51–133.01) | 2.23 (0.20–25.28) | |
6–10 | 0.76 (0.09–6.65) | 1.06 (0.10–11.79) | <0.01 (<0.01–>999.99) | |
>10 | 0.74 (0.25–2.19) | 0.66 (0.08–5.41) | 0.83 (0.23–3.01) | |
Cancer treatment modality | ||||
Surgery | ||||
N | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Y | 1.18 (0.32–4.40) | 2.33 (0.19–28.88) | 0.49 (0.08–3.01) | |
Chemotherapy | ||||
N | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Y | 0.94 (0.60–1.47) | 2.06 (0.31–13.66) | 0.93 (0.58–1.49) | |
Radiotherapy | ||||
N | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Y | 1.67 (1.15–2.43) | 3.56 (1.37–9.25) | 1.40 (0.92–2.11) | |
Hormone therapy | ||||
N | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Y | 0.93 (0.60–1.44) | <0.01 (<0.01–>999.99) | 0.92 (0.59–1.44) | |
Cancer treatment count | ||||
≤1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
≥2 | 1.35 (0.77–2.35) | 0.29 (0.03–2.44) | 1.63 (0.87–3.06) |
Dietary supplement use |
All subjects | By sex |
By cancer site |
By time since cancer diagnosis |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | Male | Female | Stomach | Breast | Other | ≤5 y | >5 y | |||
Total | 1,562 (84.3) | 290 (15.7) | |||||||||
Anxiety | |||||||||||
No | 1,297 (85.4) | 221 (14.6) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Yes |
265 (79.3) | 69 (20.7) | 1.38 (1.01–1.91) | 1.79 (0.88–3.64) | 1.33 (0.92–1.93) | 1.68 (0.98–2.88) | 1.36 (0.81–2.30) | 1.23 (0.61–2.50) | 1.59 (0.93–2.73) | 1.21 (0.80–1.83) | |
Depression | |||||||||||
No | 875 (86.3) | 139 (13.7) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Yes |
687 (82.0) | 151 (18.0) | 1.19 (0.91–1.56) | 1.16 (0.65–2.05) | 1.25 (0.92–1.72) | 1.45 (0.92–2.28) | 1.02 (0.66–1.59) | 1.17 (0.64–2.12) | 0.98 (0.60–1.61) | 1.26 (0.90–1.76) | |
FCR severity | |||||||||||
Nonclinical | 931 (84.6) | 169 (15.4) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Clinical |
631 (83.9) | 121 (16.1) | 0.83 (0.63–1.09) | 0.88 (0.48–1.63) | 0.80 (0.59–1.10) | 1.32 (0.84–2.08) | 0.69 (0.44–1.07) | 0.84 (0.47–1.50) | 0.94 (0.58–1.54) | 0.75 (0.53–1.06) |
Values are presented as number (%). P-value is obtained by chi-square test. P for trend assessed by Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test. P for trend (excluding non-responder).
Values are presented as number (%). P-value is obtained by chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. P for trend assessed by Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test. Other included cancer sites (e.g., prostate, cervix, hematologic, esophageal, liver, and kidney cancer). Stage 0 is defined carcinoma
Values are presented as OR (95% CI). ORs (95% CI) were estimated by multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age group, sex (if applicable), education, marital status, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, comorbidity, family cancer history, cancer type, cancer stage, time since cancer diagnosis, and cancer treatment. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; FCR, fear of cancer recurrence. Other included cancer sites (e.g., prostate, cervix, hematologic, esophageal, liver, and kidney cancer). Stage 0 is defined carcinoma
Values are presented as number (%) or OR (95% CI). FCR, fear of cancer recurrence; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. ORs (95% CI) were estimated by multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age group, sex (if applicable), education, marital status, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, comorbidity, family cancer history, cancer site (if applicable), cancer stage, time since cancer diagnosis (if applicable), and cancer treatment. Score assessed using the Korean Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ≥8. Score assessed using the short form of Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory ≥13.